نشریه توسعه پرستاری در سلامت
سال دهم شماره 26 (بهار و تابستان 1398)

Considering the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adolescents and the possible lack of an examination of its prevalence in Iran, as well as underlying factors, associated illnesses and complications of diabetes, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the age group of under 20 years old in the Lorestan region of Aligoodarz.

A study was conducted on 390 subjects under the age of 20 years who were selected randomly in three stages. The first stage was screening.the second phase, was OGTT test. The third phase of the insulin test was performed. Questionnaires including biographies, BMI, results of specific tests and nutritional questionnaire were completed and were evaluated for complications of diabetes.

2 cases with IFG, 4 cases of IGT and 3 cases of diabetes were diagnosed. The prevalence of diabetes in the general population was 36%, the prevalence of IFG was 7%, and the IGT was 44% per 100,000. Therefore, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in people under the age of 20 in this region is 15 percent. People with type 2 diabetes existed.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Aligoodarzi adolescents is lower than in other cities of Iran.

In recent years, the pattern of drug dependence in Iran has changed a lot, and most of young people have been pushing for new industrial or semi-industrial materials like heroin. This material, after the very initial stages of use, causes extensive and profound damage to the superior structures of the brain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heroin addiction on the sexuality and quality of life of the addicted person.

It was a descriptive-correlational study. The participants were 200 addicts who referred to the clinics in Sahneh, Iran in the second half of 2017. The sampling was done through the convenience sampling method. The data were collected using the Half-Life Index (HISD), a short form questionnaire of quality of life.

  The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between sexuality  and all subscales of quality of life. Regression analysis showed that 29% of the sexuality variance was predicted by sub-scales of quality of life, and physical health with a standard beta of 0/49 had the most predictive power of sexuality.

  The results of this study showed that heroin addiction decreases sexual desire of individuals, as well as heroin addicts have a lower quality of life than healthy people.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic metabolic diseases, which requires special self-care behaviors until the end of life. Self-efficacy is the belief that a person has about his/her abilities to execute behaviors and behavioral outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-care and self-efficacy in type 2 diabetic patients referred to diabetes clinic in Gorgan.

In a descriptive-correlational study, 100 participants were selected by simple random method among people with diabetes in 2014. the data were analyzed in SPSS 16 through descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (linear regression and multi regression).

Self-care and self-efficacy of the participants  were  17.73 ± 71.32, 18.7 ± 6.13, and both were moderate. There is a significant relationship between self-care with the sex (P=0.009), education (P=0.001), job (P=0.004) and access to information resources (P=0.004). Also, there was a significant relationship between self-efficacy and education (P=0.00), occupation (P=0.01), and access to educational resources (P=0.04). Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between self-care and self-efficacy (P<.001, OR=18).

Patients with higher self-efficacy feel like fewer barriers to self-care, and pay more attention to self-care activities. Therefore, health staff should pay more attention to the patient's self-efficacy, that reduces the complications of the disease which caused self-care behaviors among the pateints.

Nosocomial infection is an infection that occurs during hospitalization (at least 48 to 72 hours after admission). Washing is the most effective, easiest, and least costly way of hand hygiene by staff and care providers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention on improving the hand hygiene of the staff of Imam Jafar Sadegh Hospital.

The study was interventional and was conducted in two stages between October and March. The intervention was performed in January by the infection control supervisor. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency and mean) and analytical (chi-square).

The mean of total hand hygiene in the studied wards before and after the intervention was 16.53% and 27.22%, respectively, which increased 10.69% after the intervention. Following educational intervention, hand hygiene by nurses was higher in comparison with the other two groups and increased in all three groups.

Due to the implementation of educational intervention in this hospital and considering the growth rate of personnel involved in health care, hand hygiene in this center is still low compared to other studies, so training and supervision in this area should be To be done more seriously.

Smoking is an important risk factor for gastrointestinal disorders such as peptic ulcer, Crohn's disease and various cancers. The present study discusses the most important and known effects of smoking on the gastrointestinal tract.
 Method and Materials: This review uses the keywords Smoking, Gastrointestinal diseases, Inflammation and Cancer in the English databases like PubMed, Elsevier, Proquest, Google scholar, Google search engine and other websites as well as using keywords smoking, device disorders Digestion, inflammation and cancer were performed in SID and MagIran Persian databases.

Cigarette smoke has an inhibitory effect on the recovery and regeneration of the gastrointestinal tract due to its toxic constituents. Exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with increased apoptosis of epithelial cells, total dendritic cells, macrophages, CD4, and CD8T, along with unregulated mRNA expression in CCL9 and CCL20, which are important chemical triggers in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Cigarette smoke accelerates colitis by IFN-YT and CD4 cells. Cigarette smoke can also cause oxidative stress and impair vasodilator function in chronic inflammatory microvascular disease, resulting in ischemia, ulceration, and fibrosis. In addition, smoking can induce a carcinogenic process in the GI tract through inflammation and release of several inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, TNF-a, IL-I, IL-6, chemokines, CXCLI and CXCL8.

Smoking can cause pathogenic and carcinogenic processes in the GI tract. In other words, it leads to severe chronic inflammation and then spread of cancer to the inflamed areas. Careful mechanistic studies of the effects of smoking may be helpful in developing more effective treatments for various gastrointestinal disorders.

An important indicator of mental health is the emotional response that one exhibits to mental stress. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of mental health and emotional response in nurses of Sari Zare Psychiatry and Burn Center with other educational centers in Mazandaran province.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 304 nurses working in educational centers of Mazandaran province in 1396 using GHQ-28 questionnaire and DASS-21 depression and anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance).

The results showed that the level of stress, anxiety and depression in nurses of Zare educational center was higher than other educational centers. Mean and standard deviation scores of mental health status and its components in nurses of Zare Psychiatry and Burn Center were lower than other educational centers of Mazandaran province (47.66 10 10.40). The mean of physical, anxiety, social and depression components in nurses of Sari Psychiatry and Burnout Center were lower than the mean of social functions components of nurses in other educational centers (P <0.05).

The results showed that with increasing levels of depression, anxiety and stress, the level of mental health decreased and anxiety and depression were identified as priority dimensions of emotional response that require corrective measures to improve mental health of nurses.

Public health plays an important role in ensuring the dynamism and efficiency of any society. Employees 'attention to health is of particular importance for enhancing students' academic, practical and academic achievement, identifying factors related to health behaviors, and providing appropriate and appropriate interventions to enhance their behaviors. To accomplish assigned tasks,so, The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of applying Pender's model on improving the general health of the staff of the Islamic Azad University of Arak Branch.

The purpose of this study was applied and in terms of the way of collecting descriptive data of causal type of 120 employees of Islamic Azad University of Arak. By using Cochran formula and by stratified sampling method.Data were collected using a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and health promotion behaviors. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using ANOVA and regression tests

Findings showed that individual characteristics and experiences affect general health promotion behaviors through specific cognitive-emotional behaviors, individual characteristics and experiences affect certain cognitive-emotional behaviors, emotional cognitive-behavioral behaviors on outcomes Behavior has an impact, individual characteristics and experiences affect the behavioral effects, immediate demands and preferences of the competitor on the commitment to the implementation of the program, specific cognitive and emotional behaviors affect the commitment to the program, specific cognitive and emotional behaviors on commitment to implementation The program has an effect.

According to the results of this study, since the impact of this model on improving the level of health of the staff of the Azad Islamic Branch of Arak Branch has been confirmed, it can be said that the use of this model affects the health of the staff.

The placenta is a pre-natal placenta and one of the cases of emergency and gynecology medicine That causes uterine bleeding, uterine heart rate loss, and in some cases, it causes fetal death and even maternal death One of the other preeclampsia is the placenta, which is one of the most common causes of the second and third trimester of pregnancy In this report, we report a rare case of placental Abruption and severe bleeding into the amniotic fluid in a 40-year-old woman, fortunately, with timely measures of fetal maternal complications.

In patients with preeclampsia, it should be the possibility of the occurrence of the abruption and the necessary procedures To prevent neonatal complications such as developmental neurological complications in newborns and maternal complications.