فصلنامه راهبرد اقتصادی
پیاپی 19 (زمستان 1395)

Regarding to nullifying international sanctions including trade sanctions, it is expected that Iranian economy attract a huge flow of foreign capital. Moreover, because of join into the World Trade Organization for Iran, it is necessary to study the impacts of capital inflow and tariff reduction as a measure of liberalization on the Iranian economy. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the impacts of tariff reduction and foreign capital inflow on the economy of Iran.
Using a Computable General Equilibrium model and 2011 Micro Consistent Matrix, the results show that foreign capital inflow will increase gross domestic production, consumption, capital formation, export and import, while it will decrease government expenditure and consumer price index. Furthermore, tariff reduction will rise gross domestic production, consumption

Nowadays economy of all countries, whether advanced or developing, productivity has been raised as a culture and attitude to work and life because it leads to economic growth and inflation control, and it allows for the achievement of a high standard of living. Productivity and growth are exploited by optimum utilization of the factors of production and play an important role in achieving continuous economic growth. When productivity increases, GDP will increase faster than production factors, and the average production for each unit of production factors increases. In economic theory, due to foreign direct investment, trade liberalization, the creation of economic and social security and the protection of property rights lead to increased productivity.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of property rights, trade liberalization and direct foreign investment on the total productivity factors, as well as the study of the relationship between commercial liberalization and foreign direct investment in Iran for the years 1990 to 2014. The Concurrent Equation System Approach and the 3sls method are used to estimate the equations. The results of the estimation showed that direct foreign investment and commercial liberalization have a positive and significant effect on the total productivity factors, but the effect of property

Governance in every field is achieved through a combination of formal institutions (laws, policies and regulations) and informal institutions (customary). Formal institutions undermine the functioning of informal institutions if they are not formulated properly, so the analysis of laws and policies in every area, including groundwater that is exposed to the tragedy of commons, paves the way for laws to evolve as part of the institutional transformation. .The country's latest water law, the Fair Distribution Act of 1981, due to numerous criticisms and observations of numerous inefficiencies in practice, is likely to be replaced by a comprehensive water law, which is currently in the drafting phase. Comparing these two laws together can illuminate the extent to which legislation has progressed. This study compares the groundwater sections of these two laws using the institutional grammar tool (IGT) as a method for analyzing and comparing laws and policies. The results of the institutional analysis show that, despite the difference in the title of these two laws, which refer to their separate missions, they are not substantially different. First, the major actors in both laws, are the Ministry of Energy, the stakeholders of groundwater exploitation and, to a lesser extent, excavators. Secondly, the Viewpoint to the Ministry of Energy is the same in both laws, and is as in the old view of the government as a benevolent, well-informed broker who merely seeks to enforce laws and dismiss any personal or partisan interests. Viewpoint to the exploiters and the diggers is completely negative, that is, they are looking for their own interest, and the interest lead to the tragedy of common. This view has given the Ministry of Energy a broad scope of authority and there is no room for the active role of farmers for sustainable exploitation of groundwater resources through collective action. Even though Successful groundwater management needs to facilitate the collective action of the farmers.

Energy as a driving force in most manufacturing and service activities plays an important role, and since the core of the economic growth process is GDP growth, it plays an important role in the economic growth and development of countries. In addition to energy price fluctuations as well as scarcity of energy resources, another important factor that doubles the need to examine the relationship between energy production and consumption is the environmental issues that all countries face.
An outlook analysis of energy consumption forecasts enables managers to take the necessary measures to control the variables of supply and demand for energy. This bottleneck helps provide policy advice to support investment. Increasing the accuracy of many energy consumption forecasting models requires identifying all the trends and variables and strategies affecting energy markets. Therefore, in the present study using gray systems theory (GM), gray prediction model is considered as a suitable model to improve energy consumption prediction performance. Also the energy consumption up to 1400 is predicted and estimated according to the model.

The present paper assesses the trend of the selected industry's trade in the country based on the Balassa’s Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, based on the SITC classification for the period 1359-1394. Based on the results, the revealed comparative advantage for the fuel and minerals industry in all periods suggests a revealed advantage, but the trend is downward. The combined analysis of the revealed comparative advantage of export, imports, trade and the net export flow for industries show that the industries based on oil, gas and minerals in the country have the required capacity to be the core of development plan But it is not possible for industries based on specific knowledge and technology, such as the IT industry. According to the revealed comparative advantage of import, the results show that the dependence of industries on imports is not undeniable. There is a causal relationship between the exchange rate and the fuel and minerals industry. Accordingly, it is suggested that industries whose revealed comparative advantage of export is absolute, such as petrochemicals, are selected as key industries of development.

The policies of the country's higher education development have had a great impact on the development of higher education, especially its quality dimension, and the country after the Islamic Revolution witnessed the establishment of many higher education institutions. Higher education has functions such as production, transfer, exchange and use of science. The country's higher education policies have, however, been towards transition. The main issue of this paper is to review the policy development of higher education and analyze the causes and reasons for higher education development policies and its impact on the employment of university graduates. The present research is carried out qualitatively and in a documentary way in the field of studying documents, laws and policies, and by secondary analyzing the official statistics of the country in the field of higher education and employment. In the other part, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 30 informants and practitioners of higher education, and with the Thematic Analysis tool, the main themes of higher education development policies were obtained. The findings of this research show that social demand is the main cause for the development of higher education and the implementation of justice education as the main reason for the development of higher education in the country. However, the imbalance in the quantitative and qualitative development of higher education and the lack of consideration of land use planning has been the main factor behind the outdoors quantity development of an unremitting amount of higher education in the country over the years.