فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگ - ارتباطات
پیاپی 47 (پاییز 1398)

This research explains "peace journalism" which is regarded as a new concept in worldwide journalism literature. The main goal of this research will help to explain and promote the level of theoretical literature of peace journalism. To this end, the indicators and values of this kind of journalism are defined to evaluate how much six large circulation newspapers applied the said standards during the war between coalition forces and Iraqi military force. The research is based on the Galtung theory and four main approaches of peace journalism (Solution-oriented approach, Process-oriented approach, Truth-oriented approach and People-oriented approach) and we have added two key principles in journalism: professional and moral standards. The researchers assume that interaction between those four approaches and the two principles could lead to sustainable peace for newspapers. After figuring out and explaining the values and approaches of peace journalism by content analysis, the study shows that the above newspapers didn’t applied the four mentioned approaches. In fact, the newspapers paid more attention on people-oriented. Having cultural proximity with Iraq, the Iranian newspapers used people-oriented approach during the war. In other word, the six daily papers just reflected the “innocence of Iraqi people” during the war and the other war dimensions were less addressed by them. Thus, these newspapers had not any correspondent in Iraq to coverage the war news; instead, descriptive reports, analytic and investigative reports were published.

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The purpose of the present study is effect of film type (artistic and non-artistic) on the intelligence and academic performance of the social sciences class of high school students. The statistical population of this study was all male high school students in Sanandaj who were selected using available sampling from three classes of 20 - member social science course. Thus, that three groups of students assigned randomly to three groups: Experiment 1, Experiment 2 and Control group. The Research design is a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test post-test design with a control group. Thus, Students were randomly assigned to three experiments and control groups. Artistic films showed to the experimental group of 1, non-artistic showed to the experimental group 2, and the witness group did not see any films. Data was collected through standardized questionnaires; multiple Gardner intelligence and academic performance. For analyzing data, descriptive statistics; mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics; multivariate covariance analysis model with SPSS software have been used. The results showed that the type of film has a significant effect on interpersonal intelligence, introspection intelligence and academic performance of students'. In this way, the students in the experimental group 1 who had observed the artwork along with the teaching. , have a better performance in interpersonal intelligence, interpersonal and academic performance compared to the control group students who did not see any movies and the experimental group 2 who saw non-art films along with teaching.

The aim of this paper is feasibility of crowdfunding in Iranian cinema and the recognition of requirements, barriers and capacities for its realization. In order to achieve the goal of the research, 31 cinema experts were selected among cinema experts in the country and open interviews were conducted with them, based on theoretical saturation and targeted selection and snowball sampling,. These interviews were analyzed by qualitative content analysis method. The findings showed that capacities such as kindness of the people, high liquidity, people's interest in cinema, people's trust in celebrities, etc., and barriers such as high government involvement in cinema, corruption in the country, weakness of hardware and software infrastructure of cinema, distrust, lack of economic stability, the resistance of the trade union to change, the general ignorance and elite, and the inability to enter the bourse market by current cinematic companies, etc., to realize crowdfunding as a new method exists; The most important requirements for crowdfunding in the cinema is included the reduction of government intervention in cinema, set up bourse and investment funds, to raise awareness, industrial recognition of cinema, recognition of cinema by insurance and banks, implementation of copyright in the country, and so on. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that ther exist the possibility of realizing the equity model as one of the rights of crowdfunding with the fulfillment of its requirements in our country; however, crowdfunding should not be used initially as an independent financing model, but it should be used as a complementary model.

The present study in terms of goals, is applicable, and in terms of nature and type of study is among qualitative research and a interpretative study that by using the phenomenological research strategy of “Van Mennen”, we seek to explain the essence of experience of the phenomenon ofstudents' Political Culture in Social Networks. The research study field included students from  Tehran Science and Research Branch, and sample selection continued until theoretical saturation of data and reached 21 people. After analyzing the data, the main themes and several sub-themes were obtained, which in total showed that the role of intellectuals as knowledgeable people in society, whether in civil institutions and social organizations , and in the state of belonging to parties and political parties, has been publicly affecting the political culture of society in some form and promoting political culture of societyand enhances the social and political consciousness of students. Ultimately, national thinking and emotion will be formed.

Radio and Television of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as an institution of a society which is value-based and ethical, always in the process of interaction with audiences provides an important role in the religious and social morality and personal lifestyle pattern. holdsRadio and Television programs which are centered on presenter and performance, as a behavioral model and values of the Media and scale for Ethics assessment, always been specifically regarded by audiences and create context for the political, social and cultural discussions on public and particular sphere. However, radio and television presenter, on one hand wants to obtain the professional success and satisfaction of managers and audience engagement, and on the other hand, professional success, caused by communicative behavior and interaction with the internal and external sphere of media. Presenter professional ethics comes from these very interactions and essence and its moral necessity comes from how to organize communication behavior as a real and legal person and internal and external environment. Thus, explaining a charter of professional ethics will help him to take a step and go forward in the way of becoming professional with full recognition of the rights of owners on this field and communication and familiarity with the principles of moral that was concentrated before.
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Social tolerance dDue to the presence of people with different culture, identity, thinking and values in different social arenas can be a factor in increasing the social interaction of people in society. The study of social tolerance has a significant impact on reducing tensions and increasing mutual understanding, social integration and social interaction. In this paper, the relationship between social capital and its dimensions with social tolerance has been investigated using nature and field Bourdieu's theory. To measure social tolerance, the combination of Peterking and Vigt's theories was used, and the dimensions of teaching, dissertation, political tolerance, and ethical-behavioral tolerance were considered. The statistical population of the study is people aged between 15 and 44 (young and middle aged) in Mazandaran province, 400 of whom were selected as the sample size of the research. Also, the data needed for research were collected through a questionnaire in a field method. The results of the research showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between social capital and its dimensions with the social tolerance. The results of the structural model test show that social capital has direct impact (Beta: 0.35) on social tolerance. The social capital structure has also been able to explain 22 percent of the changes in the structure of social solidarity.

Kant has discussed the subject of culture for  the highest good of the human being which expresses man's  desirable perfection in the midst of virtue and happiness which is its ultimate goal of him. He previously presented an abstract and ideal concept of the highest good in the second critique that it was based on God's help. In the third critique, he uses the concept of culture to show the concrete aspect of the highest good which two components of it are discipline and skill. these two are the virtue and the happiness respectivly. The concept is based on human automomous struggle and activity and it will be realized as a social aim through the human subject. According to Kant, the greatest emergence of culture is reasonable freedom. Reasonable freedom involves inner freedom which observes morality and  exterior freedom which observs social happiness. Growth and development of reasonable freedom in the human race and throughout history and over generations will lead  stubbornness of reason over the world and domination of the culture of freedom.

This paper aims to explore the characteristics and themes of broadcasting media policy in Iran from  Islamic revolution(1078-1979) until the present time Broadcasting media policy is a subset of media policy and public policy as the umbrella concepts. Laws, regulations and legislations are the main means of reinforcing public policies by governments and governmental branches to deal with any kinds of public matters, such as the public service broadcasting systems. Accordingly, all the ratified laws and regulatory documents concerning broadcast media in Iran are collected as the research materials. To analyze these empirical data, qualitative content analysis and thematic coding are applied to explore the main themes of broadcasting media policy in Iran. The results indicate that rigid state ownership, promoting political and cultural discourses, unification, using state-secured budgets, focusing on mass audience, and developing air broadcasting technology have been the core themes and characteristics of broadcasting media policy paradigm in Iran during the past four decades. Discussing these themes, research findings indicate that in the given time horizon, the government has always reinforced regulatory policies for broadcast media to impose limitations and restrictions on possible broadcasting activities of different actors. Moreover, findings show this policy model has been continuously reinforcing with the least changes in Iran, while the first paradigm of policy attempt for broadcast media based on the monopolization by the state-funded broadcaster belongs to the years prior to the 1980s in most countries.

environment by some researchers in different fields such as poster, urban painting, etc. This psychological pattern can also be found in the context of the Islamic layout, especially the Qur'anic manuscripts. Gestalt theory is a collection of visual principles and rules, one of which is called the "shape and field" law. The Qur'anic version of the Qajar period, registered in the 3089, due to the richness of its designs and the quality of its work of illumination, is very important and appropriate for further studies.This research studies how to understand and recognize the visual patterns in the elements of Quranic Illumination using the concept of shape and background of Gestalt's laws.  This research has been conducted in a descriptive-analytical way to answer this fundamental question: What is the basis and structure of the decorating of the coronation of the Quran according to the rules that form the principle of the form and the field of the principles of the psychological theory of Gestalt? The analysis of the elements used in the study of this exquisite Qur'an and the study of visual structure and its elements, based on the law of the form and the field of gestalt, characterizes the strength and strength of its composition.

In the last two decades with quantitative growth of "Serious Games", their quality also have been considered by researchers, designers, audiences, teachers and administrators. The quality of these games in addition to storytelling, graphics and technology depend on applying educational principles so that the games can lead the gamers to obtain educational goals while preparing a fun and motivational environment. The aim of this study is determination of quality evaluation "serious game" indicators based on constructive learning principles and evaluating six selected game with this indicator. In order to determine the "serious game" quality evaluation indicators, 30 educational game experts participated in check list completion and signed 29 items around four factors including interaction, problem solving, active learning and discovery. Six popular games were selected and analyzed by six educational technology experts and six ICT experts. The results show that in these games, the average of 136 interactions, 139 problem solving, 89 active learning and 82 discovery situations have been provided. Also Shannon entropy indicated that discovery indicator with .0999 information bar and 0.572 importance coefficient has the most emphasized and active learning indicator with 1 information weight and 0/087 importance coefficient has less emphasized.