فصلنامه پرستاری، مامایی و پیراپزشکی
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پاییز 1398)

Mechanical ventilation is considered to be a fundamental supportive measure in the patients admitted in intensive care units (ICUs). However, prolonged ventilation may lead to dependence and various other complications in the patients. Therefore, proper and timely weaning of the patients undergoing mechanical ventilation is of utmost importance in this therapeutic process. This integrative review aimed to assess the indices of ventilator weaning through a comprehensive literature search.

This systematic review was conducted via searching in databases such as SID, Web of Science, IranMedex, Magiran, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus using keywords such as weaning and ventilator weaning and their Persian equivalents without time limitation. In total, 15 articles were selected for further assessment.

According to the reviewed articles (n=15), various indices could be used to predict the appropriate time of ventilator weaning, including RSBI, IWI, P0.1, NIF, and CROP. The advantages and disadvantages of each index have also been elaborated in the published articles in this regard.

According to the results, there is no consensus on one index of ventilator weaning in patients with mechanical ventilation. Therefore, the current findings in this regard should be accumulated in order to determine the most effective indices of ventilator weaning in patients with mechanical ventilation.

Stability is a broad concept that should be considered physiological, psychological, social, and developmental perspectives. Families and healthcare teams comprehensively attempt to maintain the health of infants. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the disruptive and stabilizing process in infants. The present study aimed to elaborate on the process of stability in preterm infants.

This qualitative study was conducted based on the grounded theory on 24 participants (10 nurses, three physicians, and 11 mothers). Data were obtained from the neonatal intensive care units, home, and clinics. Sampling was initially purposive, followed by theoretical sampling. Data analysis was performed using Strauss and Corbin methodology.

Two main categories emerged after data analysis, including the 'deterioration of intrauterine stability' with the sub-categories of change, crisis, and transition, and 'intrauterine stability with substitutes' with the sub-categories of interactions and continuing to address needs. The central category was to maintain stability. The metaparadigms of nursing were defined as the person (infant), environment (intrauterine and extrauterine), health (growth and development), and nursing (professional interactions).

According to the results, premature birth could disrupt intrauterine stability. Therefore, the needs of preterm infants should be properly addressed through the efforts of the healthcare system in order to improve the growth and development of the infant.

In today's society, the mental health of women is crucial. The present study aimed to predict skin cosmetic surgery based on psychological capital and social support in women.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on all the female applicants of skin cosmetic surgery referring to skin cosmetic clinics in 2018. Sample population was estimated at 300 women, who were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected using the psychological capital and perceived social support questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 23 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

All the components of perceived social support (family, friends, and important people) and psychological capital (self-efficiency, resilience, hope, and optimism) could predict cosmetic surgery (P<0.05).

Considering the growing number of cosmetic surgery applicants, their psychological assessment before surgery could be effective in the identification of their need for psychological services and promoting their mental health.

Morale, strong self-esteem, and avoidance of depression play a pivotal role in the quality of life and success of students. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on depression in students with emotional breakdown.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The sample population consisted of all the male university students attending the counseling office, who had experienced emotional failure. In total, 20 students were selected via convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control (10 per each). Data were collected using the BDI-II depression inventory and cognitive-therapeutic protocol. Data analysis was performed in SPPS version 18.

No significant differences were observed between the intervention and control groups in terms of the demographic variables (P>0.05). However, the mean score of depression had a significant difference between the groups before and after the intervention (P<0.05).

According to the results, cognitive-behavioral therapy could effectively help the students with emotional failure (suffering from love) and had a significant effect on the treatment of depression in these students.

Today, blood transfusion and its products are frequently used in surgical and non-surgical procedures. Inadequate knowledge of healthcare personnel in this regard could pose severe risks to the patients. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and performance of healthcare personnel regarding blood transfusion and its products.

This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 205 healthcare personnel at the teaching hospitals affiliated to Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, Iran in 2015. Data were collected using the questionnaires of demographic data and knowledge, attitude, and performance. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24 using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis test.

Poor and moderate knowledge regarding blood transfusion and its products were observed in 53.5% (n=107) and 46.5% (n=93) of the healthcare personnel, respectively. Moreover, 95.4% (n=188) of the healthcare personnel had moderate attitude and performance in this regard. A significant correlation was also observed between gender and performance (P=0.04).

According to the results, the healthcare personnel had poor and moderate knowledge regarding blood transfusion and its products. Therefore, it is recommended that training courses be implemented and the performance of healthcare personnel be assessed using checklists.

Academic achievement depends on the proper physical, psychological, and functional aspects of an individual. The present study aimed to assess the correlations between academic procrastination and locus of control with academic achievement in nursing students and determine the mediating role of achievement motivation.

This was a descriptive-correlational research, particularly based on structural equation modeling. The sample population consisted of 726 nursing students at Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2018. In total, 508 students were selected via simple random sampling. Data were collected using Herman’s achievement motivation inventory, Solomon & Rothblum academic procrastination scale, and Rotter’s locus of control scale.

There was a significant correlation between achievement motivation (r=0.29; p≤0.01), locus of control (r=0.17, P≤0.01), and academic procrastination (r=-0.19; p≤0.01) with Academic Achievement. The research model was considered fitting, and 0.38 of the academic achievement variance could be explained by achievement motivation, academic procrastination, and locus of control. In addition, achievement motivation played a mediating role in the association between academic procrastination and locus of control.

Reduction of academic procrastination and increased locus of control could promote achievement motivation in students, which in turn improves their academic achievement.

As the leading providers of healthcare and treatment services, nurses are exposed to significant work-related stress and mental distress. The present study aimed to determine the effect of perceived social support on secondary traumatic stress and perceived stress in nurses.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the nurses employed in the teaching hospitals affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2018. In total, 220 nurses were selected via randomized quotient sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the secondary traumatic stress questionnaire, perceived stress questionnaire, and perceived social support questionnaire by Zimet et al. (1988). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics and analytical tests at the significance level of P<0.05

In total, 220 nurses were enrolled in the study, the majority of whom (82.3%) were female. The mean age of the participants was 31.42±1.17 years. A significant, negative correlation was observed between the score of perceived social support of the nurses with their secondary traumatic stress score (r= -0.49; P<0.001) and perceived stress (r=-0.52; P<0.001).

According to the results, development of methods to promote perceived social support could decrease secondary traumatic stress and perceived stress in nurses.

Religion is considered to play a key role in the treatment of cancer patients. The present study aimed to assess the effect of religious attitude on the resilience of cancer patients in Khoy, Iran.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 149 cancer patients in Khoy in 2018. The patients were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected using the religious attitude scale by Connor and Davidson. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21 using Pearson's correlation-coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

Religious attitudes could positively and significantly influence the resilience of the cancer patients, so that religious attitude and its dimensions (belief, religious emotions, consequence, and ritual) could have a positive, significant impact on the resilience of the cancer patients (P=0.01).

According to the results, religious attitudes were correlated with resilience in cancer patients.