فصلنامه سلامت و مراقبت
سال بیست و یکم شماره 3 (پاییز 1398)

Drug therapy is an important part of the patient's care process which its proper and safe observance is of standard emphasis and its neglecting may give rise to errors and unrecoverable complications for the patient. Evaluation of medication error is necessary for error management and providing safe care to patients. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of medication error and its reporting in nurses of the intensive care units in Ardabil.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 208 nurses of intensive care units selected by census method in Ardabil city in 2017. The data gathering tool was a revised Medication Error Questionnaire of Joolaei and colleagues which analyzed by descriptive statistics and statistical tests including Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficient in SPSS-22 software.

Data analysis showed that 86.4% of nurses had at least one medication error in the last 6 months. The mean of errors during this period was 3.6 cases per nurse, 2.68% of the errors led to physical injury and 19.46% of them was reported by the nurses to unit heads. The mean of error report was 0.7 cases for each nurse. The most common types of medication errors were included giving medication early or delayed (41.1%), not giving the prescribed medication (37.7%) or giving several oral medications together (30.9%).

The results of the study indicate a high prevalence of medication error and, at the same time, a low level of error reporting. Therefore, it is recommended to hold rehearsal classes in relation to pharmacology and the principles of proper implementation of drug orders, to adopt management solutions to encourage nurses to report drug errors and to investigate the causes of the mismatch of the error report with the error rate and the factors influencing it.

Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is one of the approaches based on cognitive reconstruction in the treatment of marital maladjustment. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of group-based REBT on family function, Incompatible schemas, and couple burnout in Tabriz city.

This is a semi experimental study in which pretest-posttest design with control group was used. The research population consisted of all couples referring to Tabriz's Green Life Counseling and Psychological Services Center in 2018. Among them, 30 subjects who were classified according to the cutoff criteria were selected randomly in two groups of 15 subjects and tested. The intervention based on REBT training was performed in 12 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week and a week after the end of the sessions; McMaster's family practice test, Yang's incomplete maladaptive short form and marital maladaptive schemas were performed on the two groups before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA covariance analysis.

Data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of post test scores of the experimental and control groups in family function and couple burnout (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in maladaptive schemas (p<0.01).

Considering the positive effect of REBT approach on improving family function and couple burnout, it is recommended to use this educational method in planning mental health measures for maladapted couples.

Understanding the nurse’s perception of care behaviors and determining factors affecting it are the first step in correcting inappropriate behaviors and improving the quality of nursing care. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of "determining the care behaviors and its determinants from nurses' point of view in Ardabil educational hospitals ".

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with 450 nurses working in Ardabil educational hospitals in 2017 in which the stratified random sampling method was used. Data-gathering tool was a standard three-part questionnaire on demographic characteristics, Wolf caring behaviors and the determinants of nursing care behaviors. Data were analyzed using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and analytical (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and Multivariate Regression Analysis) statistics in SPSS V21 software.

The mean and standard deviation of nurses' caring behaviors (5.27±0.24) were at the optimum level. From nurses' point of view, physical dimension of care (5.43±0.7) was more important than psychosocial dimension (5.17±0.6) (p=0.001). The most and the least important caring behaviors for nurses were medication (5.58±0.44) and patient's calling with her favorite name (4.20±0.86), respectively. Mean scores of caring behaviors in female nurses (5.26±0.7) were more than males (4.97±0.54) (p=0.001). The most important factor influencing nurses' caring behaviors was the responsibility (4.49±1.01) and the least important factor was related to patient's characteristics (3.50±1.1).

The results showed that nurses' care behaviors were in the desired level and focused on the physical aspect of care. Therefore, in order to provide patient satisfaction, nurses should pay attention to both dimensions of caring behaviors (physical and psychosocial). It is suggested that psychosocial care should be emphasized in nursing in-service training.

Recent studies indicate the importance of early childhood in future development of the child. The attachment between mother and child is the beginning of development in many cognitive and social areas. The threat of this mutual relationship negatively impacts the child’s ability for communication with outside world. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of family-centered intervention based on Quinn Program on preschool children attachment.

The research method in this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest follow-up design and control group. The study population consisted of all mothers of 5- year- old children in kindergartens of district 3 of Tehran between 2017-2018. Among them, 80 mothers were selected by cluster sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups of 40 individuals. The research instrument was child attachment security questionnaire of attachment Q-set (1987). The experimental group was subjected to 17 sessions of 90-minute training with Quinn program. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis with repeated measures.

The research showed that before the intervention, there was no significant difference in average attachment scores between two experimental and control groups, while after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the mean of attachment scores in two groups (p<0.01).

This intervention had a significant effect on the attachment of preschool children, so it is suggested that counselors and therapists to use this family-centered method based on Quinn program in order to improve the children attachment.

The multidimensional and complex nature of social phobia disorder necessitates planning and applying different therapies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral techniques training on reducing the social phobia in nursing students.

This study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population was all nursing students of Babol city between 2018-2019. Using simple random sampling, 60 individuals with social phobia were selected according to the cutoff point of the Liebowitz questionnaire (1987). The groups were tested in three time point including before and after intervention as well as in follow-up using the Liebowitz social phobia questionnaire (1987). The experimental group was subjected to 12 sessions of 60-minute group training of social phobia-based cognitive-behavioral therapy and post-test was performed in both groups. Univariate analysis of covariance and dependent-t test were used for data analysis by SPSS 18.

The results showed that the mean scores of social phobia in the experimental group was 38.486 before the test which reduced to 26.062 in posttest and to 25.911 in follow up (p≤0.004).

It can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral group therapy has a significant effect on reducing social phobia of students. This study suggested that the use of cognitive-behavioral group therapy could reduce the social phobia of nursing students.

The researches show the superiority of effectiveness of metacognitive therapy in regulating the emotion and job burnout on previous conventional therapies. Based on this, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of meta-cognitive therapy on emotional regulation and job burnout in Tabriz nurses.

This quasi-experimental study was carried out with pretest-posttest and control groups design. The samples were consisted of 30 nurses in Tabriz in 2018, which had lower scores (one standard deviation based on the cutoff point) in the questionnaires of Garnefsky and Craij' emotional regulation as well as Mazlach and Jackson' job burnout. They were randomly assigned into two experimental (N=15) and control (N=15) groups. Then, the experimental group received an intervention based on metacognitive therapy in 10 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week. After terminating the sessions, the questionnaires in both groups were completed again. The data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis.

The results showed that the adapted strategies' mean scores in experimental group in the stages of pretest and posttest were 32.73 and 39.60 respectively, and non-adapted strategies' mean scores in the pretest and posttest were 37.46 and 27.53 respectively. Also, the job burnout' mean scores in the pretest and posttest were 65.33 and 52.23, respectively. Data analysis indicated a significant difference in mean of post test scores between experimental and control groups (p<0.01).

Regarding the positive effect of metacognitive therapy on emotion regulation and job burnout, it is recommended to use this therapy in planning the mental health measures for nurses.

Background & Couples communication patterns have some roles in all areas of their common life. Also, the individual satisfaction of each spouse, especially in performance and sex, can be influenced by their communication skills and patterns. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between sexual schemas and sexual satisfaction of couples and mediating role of communication patterns.
The present study was a descriptive-correlational research. The research population consisted of all couples in Boukan city, among which, 500 couples were selected using convenient sampling method. The research tool was scales for measurement of cognitive schemas in the sexual tissue, communication patterns and sexual satisfaction of Larson. Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression in SPSS software.
The results of the study showed that, by using mediating role of communication patterns, there was a positive and significant relationship (p=0.01) between sexual schemas (r=0.265) and sexual satisfaction (r=0.156). The regression analysis results, in the first step, showed that the multiple correlation value and coefficient of determination were 0.265 and 0.070, respectively which considered significant. In the second step, by adding the elements of communication patterns, the multiple correlation value and coefficient of determination were increased up to 0.288 and 0.083, respectively, which considered significant.
According to the influence of communication patterns as a mediator in the relationship between sexual schemas and sexual satisfaction, the couple therapists, in their interventions, can improve the couples sexual conflict by focusing on improvement the couple communication patterns and use this approach to prevent couples' divorce and the marriage failure.

Background & Identifying and evaluating the weaknesses and strengths of provided nursing care is emphasized to improve the quality of nursing care and access to it requires the use of valid tools in this field. This study aimed to translate and determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Nursing Care Scale.
This study was a methodological study in which the psychometric properties of the "Good Nursing Care Scale" were evaluated in 200 nurses working at hospitals of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. After translating the original version of the questionnaire, the validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated. SPSS version 16 and AMOS version 24 were used for data analysis.
The effect score of items in the face validity study for each item was higher than 2.4. The content validity ratio for whole scale was 0.88 and for each item was more than 0.63. The content validity index for total scale was 0.91 and for each item was more than 0.82. The correlation of total instrument scores with criterion tool was 0.754. According to the results of factor analysis, factor load were between 0.62 and 0.91, which all were significant. Therefore, the seven dimensions that were introduced in the main scale were confirmed with acceptable values. Cronbach's alpha was 0.907 and the correlation coefficient of 0.886 at test-retest showed that the scale has an internal consistency and acceptable reliability.
The Persian version of Good Nursing care scale had acceptable psychometric characteristics in the Iranian nursing population and can be used as a valid tool in nursing care studies.