پژوهشنامه ادبیات داستانی
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پاییز 1398)

The present study examines the effects of the woman portrayed in Sehreman which was got of the novel called, I will Turn Off the Lights by Zooya pirzad, He Learnt From Satan and Burnt by Farkhondeh Aghaei and My Bird by Fariba Vafimi. The impact of Sehreman on contemporary female literature was the cause is to choose it. All of these three novels represent the Iranian female gender identity. The reflection of female gender is a reflection of the spectrum of threats that the women tolerate as the second sex and the female literature ties to to show the female expectations of society. Important implications of this study are: linguistics, personality-based bias, gender representation, self-esteem, and gender representation from the authors' point of view. The results show that the reflection of female personality in selected works is a reflection of gender limitations in society. Sehreman shows the selected female cultural conflicts in society and it also proves that women writers are reluctant to express their sexual interests  in their novels.

One of the most important literary issues of Iran in the last few decades is the publication of women's novels and stories. This work presents a new situation with a feminist approach and a strong application of female myths. Belgheys Soleymani is one of the women storytellers who has greatly used myths. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical method and a review of all the works of Belgheys Soleymani, seeks to analyze how and what the reasons for reconstruction and recreation of the themes and mythical narratives in the works of this contemporary female author. After brooding upon Belgheys Soleymani’s stories, it was concluded that he used myths and archetypes in a variety of ways, albeit with a social purpose. She has a responsibility to show the unreliability of fictional characters who are copies of her community and to combat the narcissistic culture of patriarchal society, and heralds myths as a means of defending women's identities to express their goals and desires, they have a high frequency of myths such as female bodybuilding, fertility and anima and animus.

With the establishment of the Safavid government, Iran entered a new phase in history and literature. The special attention to popular culture during this period led to popular literature and folk tales. Addressing folk tales during this period is not only about entertaining and preserving ethnic values and historical events, but also reflecting political, social, ethical issues and criticizing the rulers of the Safavid society in a humorous fashion. These stories were generally narrated in cafes and public spaces where ethical issues were not respected. Hyperbole, paradox, intermingling of human and animal elements, offensive language, profanity, cursing, are the main features of these stories that put them in the Grotesque genre. In this paper, after describing Grotesque and its characteristics, the authors have studied this species in folk literature by relying on Eskandar Nameh of transcriptive writing, by using a descriptive-analytic method and collecting the findings. The grotesque themes of this work appear to be a function of expressing the events of time and criticizing the inadequate characters (depersonalization, derangement, abnormal and disturbing appearance), hyperbole, paradox, and offensive language, torture and curse are Grotesque features in these works, and it seems, they function to express and criticize the events of the time.Keywords: Folk literature, Eskandar Nameh by Naghali, Humor.

One of the types of interdisciplinary studies in comparative literature is the study of the relationship between literature and sociology. In such an approach, a deeper and more extensive analysis of a literary work can be achieved by utilizing the literary findings with (emphasis on novel) and sociological (with emphasis on Afghan society). Khalid Hossein, Afghan Writer - An American in the novel The Mountains Echoed seeks to reflect the echo of the Afghan people and the voice of the Afghan community. This study seeks to analyze and reflects on the social and political events of Afghanistan in the novel and the Mountains Echoed to actually study and interpret the sociology of the novel. The findings of this study suggest that that the elements of each story such as this novel, in particular, the characters of this novel: Pari, Abdullah, Sabour, Babayub, Nabi, Nila and ... are symbols of socio-cultural and political suffering and challenges of Afghan society. The tensions and difficulties are: violence, ignorance, intolerance, war, Taliban presence and the plight of Afghan women, ethnic-religious conflicts, etc.

Social issues have long been considered by poets and writers as one of the most important concerns of every committed person in their society. Women writers have also paid particular attention to the social situation around them, especially to women's issues. In their works, they often focus on women's lives and issues to express their attitudes toward women and their status in society. As a realist writers, Zoya Pirzad has devoted all her efforts to express the details of women's lives and to represent the cultural and social issues in society. The study concluded that social issues such as poverty and exposure were well reflected in these two ways. Some women have a relatively good standing in the family and in society, and they are treated with humiliation and injustice. Women's tendency to social deviation is also higher than men's.

Intertextuality is one of the most common terms in contemporary literary and linguistic theories; according to this approach, there is no independent text; it has an intertextual connection with its earlier and later texts. In this descriptive-analytic study by using the intertextuality approach, the literary connections of two works, Blind Owl by Hedayat and the poem Let's believe in the beginning of the Cold Season by Farokhzad have been analyzed. The results of this study show that there is an intertextual connections between the two texts; in this type of relationship, there are indications for the textual relationship that the reader is aware of the first text (Blind Owl), he is aware of intertextual relationships. Hedayat and Forough are independent artists whose poems originate from within; both of them reflect on their personal self-centeredness, that focused on the "thought of death". The fear of decline has led the two artists to the extremes of despair and, ultimately, to nihilism, causing hatred of the world and of humanity, and ultimately, both artists wish for a window into it, in order to reach their ideal worlds and ethereal love.