فصلنامه مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی
پیاپی 62 (تابستان 1398)

Management earnings forecast is one of the most important information resources in capital markets. The literature suggests managerial overconfidence is an effecting factors on the earnings forecasts’ accuracy. Because of users' relying to forecasted information, examination of the bias's effects on forecasts' accuracy is important. By using a new managerial overconfidence assessment model and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) regression analysis, the paper examines this managerial bias’s effect on management earnings forecasts’ error in the firms that have listed at Tehran Securities Exchange (TSE) during the period from year 2007 to year 2016. The results show Chief Executive Officers’ overconfidence has a significant positive effect on earnings forecasts’ error, how overconfident Chief Executive Officers overestimate earnings forecasted above than actual earnings. This finding is consistent with recent researches’ ones and suggests information's users should be aware of Chief Executive Officers' overconfidence's negative effects on reliability of managerial forecasted information.

The aim of this study is to review the effect of the ownership structure (governmental and private) on the relationship between the disclosure quality and the cost of capital. To achieve this purpose, a sample of 107 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2006 to 2015 were selected using systematic elimination method and data were analyzed using correlation method and panel data model in E-views and Stata software’s. The results show that with increasing the disclosure quality, the cost of capital reduces. The state ownership has a significantly positive effect and the private ownership also has a significantly negative effect on the cost of capital. The findings also suggest that the state ownership as a moderator variable has a significantly positive effect on the relationship between the disclosure quality and the cost of capital and the private ownership has a significantly negative effect on the relationship between the disclosure quality and the cost of capital.

This paper is aimed to review the effect of audit committee characteristics on the relationship between audit report timeliness and auditor task complexity in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). After analyzing the theoretical foundations and research hypotheses through systematic sampling, 39 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were selected in a 6-year time-period 1391-1396 (i.e. 234 observations) as a statistical sample. The hypotheses have been tested within the sample by using the classic assumptions and multivariate linear regression. The results show that increasing the size, independence and the financial expertise of the audit committee would not weaken the intensity of the direct relationship between audit report timeliness and Audit Task Complexity

One of the main reasons for the accruals anomaly is the lower persistence of accrual component of earnings to its cash component. Conservatism, as an accounting convention, increases the reliability of accruals, therefore, it is predicted that conservatism increases accrual persistence. In this study, the effects of different degrees of accounting conservatism on the persistence of accrual component of earnings were investigated. Consequently, the role of accounting conservatism in the correction of the accruals anomaly was also evaluated which so far, no study has been conducted on this issue in Iran. Therefore, two hypotheses were developed which were statistically examined through multivariable regression models using combined data. Accordingly, using systematic removal method, 105 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during a 10 year period from 2007 to 2016 were selected as the statistical sample. It was found that accruals level showed a negative influence on the firm returns indicating the presence of accruals anomaly. Additionally, the results revealed that higher degrees of conservatism increased the persistence of accruals and as a result contributed to the correction process of accruals anomaly. The obtained results are consistent with the theoretical foundations of this research.

This study documents the impact of corporate governance nature on momentum strategies profitability in Tehran stock exchange. To do so, we firstly examined the profitability of short term, midterm, and long term momentum strategies and found that, regarding both raw data and industry adjusted data, only midterm momentum strategy is profitable. Then, based on corporate governance index score, we categorized sample firms into two groups: democracies (firms with strong shareholder rights) and dictatorships (firms with weak shareholder rights). In the next stage, we checked momentum strategies profitability in each group. Research findings indicate that among democracies, short term and midterm momentum strategies allow investors to earn significant positive profits, while in companies with weak shareholder rights, all three momentum strategies record negative profits. The results of this research also present strong evidence that supports the market pressure hypothesis and confirm that managers of companies with strong shareholder rights are less likely to reveal private information than companies with weak shareholder rights

Because of the importance and position of earnings in financial reporting information, this study is an attempt to present a model for ranking earnings quality drawing an expert's view. The present study aims to provide a model for earnings quality in Iran. After reviewing the theoretical literature and sources of earnings quality, a conceptual model and research questionnaire were developed. Based on the conceptual model developed, three aspects of accounting, market and management were selected as dimensions of the model. Each of these dimensions is of the following measures (8 measures for accounting, 5 measures for market, and 3 measures for management). The research questionnaire was submitted to 21 experts in the field of accounting and financial management with sufficient experience and academic background in the field in question. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), the results were analyzed and the final model of the research was extracted. In this model, drawing on the scientific method for the analysis of the results, the weight of each dimension and measurement was determined. The results show that the accounting, market, and management dimensions have coefficients of 0/581, 0/295, and 0/124 respectively, affecting the earnings quality model. Also, the consistency ratio in the analytic hierarchy process for all dimensions is less than 10%, hence acceptable. Moreover, the results indicate that earnings in formativeness as a subset of market dimension is the most influential measure in the final model of earnings quality.

Voluntary disclosure is a surplus information on the legal requirement that includes financial and non-financial information for the more clarity of the company's processes. Voluntary disclosure as a kind of informed mechanism may be associated with different processes in the company. As a result, companies, based on the composition of their board of directors, make decisions about the voluntary disclosure of information and may vary according to the type of political and non-political directors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of political connection on the information voluntary disclosure in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, numbers of 124 companies were selected for the period from 2012 to 2017. To measure voluntary disclosure, the Botosan (1997) checklist and for measuring political connections, political cost index from Faccio (2006) has been used. The panel data approach was also used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that political connection has a negative and significant effect on the voluntary disclosure of information. In fact, companies that have more political connection are more inclined to voluntarily disclose information.