مجله توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری
پیاپی 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

Informal settlements are often created by land grabbing and without obtaining legal licenses. There is no single model for how these communities can be formed, but they are usually formed in the form of "organized invasion", "creeping capture" and "redistribution of land without permission". Thirteen informal settlements with 6,251 people and 74.89 hectares were created in the Meshgin City. In this paper, the process of forming these Informal settlements has been investigated. Data and information of this research have been collected through library and field studies. ARC GIS software has been used to analyze the data and information of these Informal settlements. The findings of this study indicate that the formation of Informal settlements of Meshgin City was due to Rural-urban migration, especially migration from the northern villages of this city. This migration has occurred due to the effects of regional factors (lack of balanced development and rural-urban migration) and local (development of service infrastructure, low cost of land, poor urban management, communication axes). According to the findings of this study, the most common form of development and development of these Informal settlements has been the division and redevelopment of agricultural land and mineral resources around the city.

The present research studies the social problems and problems of marginalization of Tabriz city with the empowerment approach. It is a desirable and descriptive-analytical type in terms of its nature and method and the method is mixed (qualitative then quantitative). In order to achieve the desired result, qualitative data were first collected using participatory method techniques including observation, interview, group discussion, and field notes, the statistical community of which includes informed local people. In the second stage, the structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data of the researcher-made questionnaire from the statistical population (sample size using Cochran formula 383) using simple random sampling. The results show that most of the marginalized families do not have an official job for their livelihoods, and because these people are generally lacking in skills and expertise and investing in false and sometimes criminal practices such as sales, coupons, sales, drug trafficking And alcoholic beverages. The existence of specific subcultures has made it hard to attract urban cultures and make it difficult for cultural poverty to influence their implementation of various social programs, such as health and family planning, and so on. Of the tendency to addiction, poverty, unemployment, lack of proper program to fill leisure time, we can mention the economic and social inequalities and the availability of drugs. In completing the discussion, the results of structural equations show that "dropping out of education due to economic poverty", "low level of literacy" and "lack of cultural and recreational centers" are the most important socially harmful social consequences that have a significant relationship. The combination of these three causes has caused other serious harm, such as "addiction", "lack of formal job" and "false employment."

Today, attention to entrepreneurship is one of the most important strategies for rural development. It is important to identify local capacities and capabilities in rural areas in order to develop entrepreneurship in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to analysis the most important entrepreneurship capacities in rural areas of Eslamshahr county. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data collection was done through library and field studies. The statistical population includes all villages of Eslamshahr county, among which 6 villages were selected based on the dimension of distance in three zones with 5, 10 and 15 km distance from Tehran city. One-sample t-test was used to compare the components, Duncan's test was used to investigate the differences between the study villages and Kriging spatial analysis method was used to show the spatial pattern of entrepreneurial capacities. The results show that the three environmental-infrastructure, individual characteristics, and economic components have the most potential for Urban peripheral Development. The spatial analysis map also shows that rural areas with less distance and more convenient access to Tehran City have higher capacities to develop entrepreneurial activities.

The rapid expansion of vilization in the villages of Mazandaran province in the last decade has started strongly and has had negative consequences in different socio-economic, economic, physical and physical layers. In this article, while analyzing these damages by filling out a questionnaire by villagers, village council members, experts and consultants on conductor plans, the opinions of community elites have been analyzed and analyzed with the TOPSIS model.  The type of research is descriptive-analytical and it is applied in terms of purpose. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reflection of the expansion of second homes in the suburbs of Mazandaran province. The findings show that in economic, social and physical components, respectively, the indicators of income of land speculators and land speculators, cultural conflicts between villagers and owners of villas, and the transformation of the rural architecture of rural houses are in the first place. Also, in terms of the severity of the crisis, vilification was categorized into three critical areas of severe destruction, demolition and initiation of destruction and various economic, socio-cultural, physical-physical strategies, as well as prioritization of these strategies in each of these areas.

Tourism is becoming one of the main elements of economic development. Many development policymakers also refer to the tourism industry as a key element  of sustainable development. Given this role and position, tourism of a place can not only influence the development of that place, but also influence the process of development of some indicators in its surroundings. Izeh City, as one of the historic cities dating back to the Elamite period, is very important and intersting for tourism and this position has also influenced objectively and mentally in the status of the Peripheral Villages. The purpose of this study is to investigate The Role of Tourism of Izeh City in Peripheral Village Changes. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field studies using questionnaire tools. The sample size of 323 people was calculated and surveyed in 7 Peripheral villages of the Izeh city which have a lot connection with tourism and Izeh city. The results of one-sample t-test at significance level less than 0.05 indicate the role of tourism of  Izeh city in four economic, social, environmental and physical dimensions of the Peripheral villages. The most important role of tourism is related to economic component with average of 3.80. The explanatory amount of the structural model is for the economic component 0.59, for the social component 0.38, for the physical component 0.45 and for the environmental component 0.33. These values indicated that the model indices could explain the role of tourism and they indicate to impact Izeh city on the Peripheral villages. The ANOVA test also indicates a significant difference between villages in terms of economic component.

The worn tissues of large cities can provide a substantial portion of the residential spaces required by the cities in In case of consideration them and at the lowest cost. One of the fundamental preconditions for organizing worn-out tissues is people's participation in decision making. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the proper governance and regeneration of the Worn tissues of District </strong>4 </strong>Azarshahr. Library, field and questionnaire studies were used for data collection. The results were analyzed by SPSS software using one-sample t-test, Friedman and multivariate regression. </strong> The results show that the indices of </strong>governance</strong> and regeneration of worn-out tissues are not in good condition. The results of the two independent and dependent variables showed that fairness, efficiency and effectiveness and transparency It is better positioned than other indicators. Among the dependent variable indices, the physical index is the first and the economic one is the second. The final results show that there is a significant relationship between regeneration of worn-out tissues and indicators of urban governance. Also, in terms of the coefficients of influence of independent variables on regeneration of worn-out urban tissues, transparency index with 0.501 had the most effect.</strong>

In the last few years in rural areas of the country, women's attention to urbanization has given them a new attitude, and has accompanied them with intellectual changes in values, norms, customs and demographic behavior. It has set the stage for changes in their lifestyles and given them a certain orientation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial links and lifestyle of elderly women in dynasty Selsaleh. The method used is descriptive-analytical and the method and tools of data collection in the theoretical study is library and the field study is done through questionnaire and observation. Spss software was used for data analysis. The statistical population of this study is 10 villages of Selsaleh County that 166 women were selected as sample by Cochran formula and distributed randomly. The results showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between spatial linkage components and lifestyle components; therefore, the components of change in clothing, clothing and fashion have the highest mean (3.90) and the mean (3.85) respectively. Therefore, spatial links have provided the basis for changing women's lifestyle in economic, social, cultural, and environmental dimensions in the study areas.

The relationships between the city and the village is a spatial-physical phenomenon and understanding, explaining, and discovering the general rules governing it, within the context of human-environment interactions is a geographical and practical subject matter. The evolution of rural settlements is dependent on a set of internal and external factors and forces that arise from the interaction of urban and rural dwelling areas. Accordingly, this paper aims at identifying and evaluating the physical-spatial developments of rural settlements around Karaj metropolis (Mahmoudabad and Atashgah villages). This research in terms of aim is applied and from the view of nature is survey research. The required data collected through the documentary-field (questionnaire and observation). The findings show that all the selected criteria have changed in the target villages and most of the changes were related to rural housing indicators. Strengthening the main centers and the formation of new urban centers in the city of Karaj has also been one of the most important effects of the interaction of the surrounding villages with the city of Karaj. The existence of public transport stations and the creation of special uses for the provision of services to the villagers has been the most important factor in the formation of these new sub-centers.

This study aimed to analyze the impact of expanding economic activities in rural settlements on increasing economic ties of these settlements with Zanjan city and also to achieve desirable results. The AHP hierarchical analysis techniques are used correctly. The results of Hierarchical Process Analysis (AHP) method showed that in terms of rural-urban linkage and level of enjoyment and level of socio-political interactions, the level of rural full enjoyment of urban facilities, the only rural center with a population greater than The most populous village is 3,000. While most rural villages provide their main services from other urban and rural areas, only Sohrain village has socio-economic link with Zanjan city and offers services to the city for receiving services, if As other rural villages are dependent on the city and its economic flows depend on their needs and domination of Zanjan city, this factor has increased the dependence of the village on Zanjan city and the formation of unequal relations around the center. In this regard, villages in lowland areas, close to Zanjan, access to the main road and public transport, are more dependent and mountainous and off-road villages are in the least favorable position.

Development of tourism complexes requires the acceptance of tourists by host societies, especially in rural areas. Therefore, understanding the attitude of local community and its effective factors, in order to participate and support the rural community, is essential for the development of tourism complexes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the attitude of local community towards the consequences of development of Baghrood tourism complex among residents of surrounding villages in Neyshabour pri-urban. The type of applied research, the data gathering method was a descriptive-analytic questionnaire, field studies and data interpretation method. The statistical population of the study consisted of four villages (Farkhok, Derakhsht, Rud and Cave) that 122 rural residents were randomly selected as sample size. After describing the statistics and the meanings, the data were analyzed using one-sample t-test, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis in SPSS software. According to the results of the evaluation of the local people's attitude, the development of the tourism complex has had a positive effect on the improvement of the economic and social conditions of the villagers, but its environmental impacts have been assessed to some extent in some villages such as the village of the river, a negative and more /severe one. The results showed that the highest average of economic and socio-cultural indicators was (80), (103.75), respectively, in the village and the highest mean of environmental indicators related to the village of Rood (107.84) Due to being close to the set. Also, the results of the viqueur method indicate that the greatest effects of this set are first on the village with the coefficient (0) and in the second place on the village of Rood with a coefficient (0.22). Due to the importance of these areas in many ways, neglecting this will not only make tourism sustainable in the Baghrood complex, it will also affect the overall sustainability of rural development in the long run. Therefore, paying attention to the attitudes of people around these collections can have a significant role in their sustainability.

By influencing the dominant development trends at the international level, urban peripheral entrepreneurship as one of the most important economic phenomena that most countries in the world are facing. As well as using rural areas by cities, Nearby settlements that have a history of agricultural activities and water and land capacities, under the influence of demand and facilities, there have been changes such as the replacement of new rural production and the cultivation of fresh produce instead of traditional cultivation. According to spatial studies, if there is a large area of entrepreneurial activity in the suburbs, that area is capable of spatially rebuilding, settlements and accepting new business ventures and becoming larger business locations. Therefore, the present study aimed to “analysis of urban peripheral entrepreneurship spatial contexts" in Kermanshah metropolis. The research method was descriptive-analytical and data were collected through documentary and questionnaires. The population consisted of 21 entrepreneurial villages less than 20 km from metropolis. Findings that Chaghassem and Shahini villages have the highest degree of spatial entrepreneurship development with space reconstruction capability. Also, evaluation of the impact scores indicates the importance of investing in variables, which moderates the variable deterrent effects of entrepreneurial wealth scarcity.

The city of Neyshabur has had an expanding trend during the 1990s and 1990s. The best fertile land for agriculture has gone under the city's construction and has dramatically altered many living spaces, including villages, gardens and pastures, At present, land use change or maintenance is one of the most important factors that planners and planners use as an important tool at different national, regional and local levels.These changes have been such that many of the town's villages have been merged into the neighborhoods of Neyshabur and have little to no sign of rural structures. According to the results obtained from two districts (three and six) in Neyshabur there are neighborhoods that have been merged into neighborhoods as a result of urban development.In most of these neighborhoods, urban development has been so large that it has made significant changes to agricultural land changes.In these neighborhoods the villages of New Hosseinabad, Chah Bald, Yahyaabad, Deh Sheikh, Fakhriyeh, Morteza Abad, Green Gonbad, Morteza Abad, Sarab Koushak, Mobarka, Bekawal, Zargaran, Ebrahimi, Ghayed, Shahabad Abad Hosseini, These neighborhoods have been merged.