فصلنامه سیاستگذاری عمومی
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پاییز 1398)

This research is a kind of descriptive, analytical and comparative study that started with documentary analysis of ambient air pollution control policies in Iran and especially related to Tehran the capital city of the country. This paper by using policy analysis in the framework of public policy theories, aims to compare Tehran with Istanbul and in some cases London and Mexico City to recognize why the policy package of ambient air pollution reduction in Tehran has been failed while the compared cities have achieved successful outcomes. This paper attempts to analyze the reasons behind the failure of Tehran's air pollution control policies by employing a network of public policy theories with the highest power of interpretation such as policy window, punctuated equilibrium and power-centric concepts. The results show that due to the concentration of air pollution in Tehran currently and the political and social conditions of the country, the incremental policy making model of air pollution reduction has not been successful so far (through 44 years and also is at the risk of non-fulfilment in the future. The Authors of this paper stress that waiting to open the policy windows would not be enough to overcome the air pollution crisis in Tehran. The authors of this paper argues that due to failure of the current policy package, ecological policy makers of Tehran, should change their approach by choosing the punctuated equilibrium master model, to be followed by radical interventions. Identifying the causes of non-decision-making in reforming city affairs, could clarify the impact of interest groups on failing of policies through out a power-based analysis. This study along with providing an analytical clarification of the effective variables in policy failure, ends with offering a bundle of prescriptive policies in order to control the issue.

Purpose of this study was to identify the future-oriented policymaking requirements in the oil industry using a qualitative method. Grounded theory strategy has been used, given the lack of theoretical development and the necessity of theorizing in this field. 21 in-depth interview was conducted with a diverse range of experts with relevant experience from petroleum industry to policy centers out of petroleum industry, including the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Parliamentary Research Center and as well as academics. Data analysis led to the emergence of 277 initial codes, 31 sub categories and 10 main categories. Finally the logical diagram of the relationship between the categories and four main statements appeared. As a result, dimensions and indicators of future-oriented policymaking, as well as "structural", "process" and "content" requirements of it were identified that are necessary conditions of future-oriented policymaking. "Creating change estimation system" and "creating response to change signals system" were identified as strategies for advancing future-oriented policy-making or its adequate conditions. Two categories of contextual factors was identified, including "context of proprietary environment" and "general context". Implementation of strategies leads to two categories of "individual" and "organizational" outcomes.

Technology parks were established in Iran in order to move toward science-based economy and reduce petroleum-based economy. There were no efficient tools to connect university to industry before definition of technology parks in innovation and technology policy literature. In order to respond to this requirement, technology parks started their activity. The goal of this work was to evaluate the effective parameters in technology parks’ management and implementation as technology and innovation policy tools in supply-demand spectrum, based on which, management and implementation model has been designed. In this study, the comments of 64 domestic experts and 31 experts from 17 countries were collected via two Persian and English questionnaires. Next, two supply-driven and demand-driven models were introduced and different models extracted from domestic and international experts’ ideas were evaluated and compared. Evaluations of this study resulted in four models of technology parks management each of which has played different roles in ternary generations of technology parks and has had different positions in the spectrum of supply and demand in regard of innovation and technology policy. The results showed that demand-driven models performed more efficiently than supply-driven models.

Sea level rise is one of the most dangerous outcomes of climate change, which poses a serious threat to the coastal areas of developed and developing countries. This study identifies the factors that prevent the sea level rise in being recognized as problems requiring policy agenda setting by using Kingdon’s multiple streams framework model. The mixed research method applied in this research and in terms of data collection, qualitative and exploratory research was carried out by using Delphi technique. The members of the Delphi panel presented 10 items and finally, in order of priority, 9 items received the highest importance factor. Research findings state that there are ambiguous perspectives on policy-making levels towards increasing sea level rise as a public problem, and there is no consensus on the need for attention to this issue.

Network management is one of the elements to consider in network governance.Given the importance of network governance in facilitating and accelerating the functions of government agencies, including the health sector administrator, this study seeks to design a network resource management model in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education.The present study is a qualitative .Semi-structured interviews were conducted with exploratory orientation with 14 experts from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. These were selected by purposive non-random sampling.

After six stages of content analysis, 67 organizer themes and 5 basic themes (competencies of 17 themes, 9 themes network resources, 12 themes network resources, 11 themes network information resources, 18 themes coordination and network decision making) Finally, a network resource management model was designed.

This model, while paying more attention to health policy makers and planners, can be used as a tool for human resource policy making.

The implementationof public and criminal policies and the related challenges have always been among the concerns of executive directors and policymakers of the public sector. In Iran, there are many actors in the field of preventing and dealing with economic corruptions, which, according to the results of this study and the existing facts, do not demonstrate the required efficiency. This applied and nationwide study was carried out using a descriptive-survey method with a statistical population of 394 elites consisting of MPs, judges, faculty members, economic institutions' directors, and the managers and experts from 8 key actors involved in the issue, including the Financial Corruption Combating Headquarters, the General Inspection Organization, the Supreme Audit Court, the Ministry of Economic and Financial Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, the Security Offices, etc. The objective of the study was to identify the factors involved in the ineffective enforcement of Iran's criminal policy pertaining to organizing these actors. The results show that five components, including the multiplicity and diversity of actors, the nature of duties, lack of interaction and synergy, the structural and political dependency, and weak supervision by higher bodies, have the greatest impact on the ineffective implementation of criminal policies of Iran in orchestrating the actors involved in the prevention and fight against economic corruptions. In the end, based on the findings of the study, necessary policy measures, including the elimination of non-professional and inefficient executive actors, the formation of a committee for the exchange of information on economic corruption, and the legalization of the position of policy-making supreme bodies... have been suggested.

The oil industry is the most important source of government revenue and acts a commanding power in the economy, and due to the strategic importance, high volume of transactions in the industry, the concentration of revenue flows in one point, the complexity and natural monopolies in the industry, it is quite vulnerable against corruption. This research is aimed modeling and simulating the strategic problem of corruption in the oil industry to develop policies for controlling corruption in a twenty year horizon. To this end, using the system dynamics approach, the complexity variables of the corruption problem as to the oil industry system were identified in the form of feedback loops in accordance with Parsons' theory of systems. After initial simulation of the model, considering the existing situation, the development of anti-corruption strategies and policies in the oil industry has been addressed. Three strategies, including reducing the opportunities for corruption in the oil industry, reducing the demand for corruption in the oil industry, and increasing the capacity to fight corruption, as well as combined policies, were investigated. The results of the policy implementation for each strategy were analyzed, and a combination of three strategies was presented as the best anti-corruption policy in the oil industry of Iran.

Policymaking involves four basic stages: planning, decision making, legitimation, and implementation. Implementation concerns the degree to which actions of implementing officials and target groups coincide with the goals and strategies of the adopted policy. Implementation begins with policy or legislative objectives processes of implementation follow on in a fairly linear fashion from this. Some policies are adopted but then go on to fail at the implementation stage. In this paper, a discussion using Matland implementation model is introduced to interpret Iranian Parliamentary democracy and its success or failure at implementation stages. This paper takes its inspiration from the Matland framework, paying particular attention to the concept of the theory’s four levels of analysis, in order to reveal the puzzling trajectory of the four different governments after 1988, when the prime minister's office was revoked by reviewing the constitution of the Islamic Republic.

The admission process of students for PhD IR programs in Iran has witnessed significant changes during the last few years due to changes in policies: possibility for applicants from different/non-relevant academic backgrounds to participate in the entrance exam, increase in the number of students to be admitted, centralized exams based on multiple choice questions for all majors in Political Science instead of specialized analytical tests provided by relevant departments at each university, and an emphasis on previous publications of the applicants. These are more or less interconnected and have interactive effects. This article seeks to evaluate these recent changes in policy. The main argument is that they have led to a decrease in the number of qualified PhD students and graduates. The analysis is based on quantitative and qualitative data, an analysis of questions of the centralized entrance exam, interviews with professors and students, and personal experience.

According to importance of development Assistance as an effective global tool for distributing wealth from rich nations to poorer one and a method to meet political, economic, and ideological interests of donor countries, many studies have targeted various aspects of development aid. Despite these studies, a few researchers focus on “how to figure out the necessity of establishment” & “how to accurately elaborate” Development Assistance Systems in ODA[1] literature review. Bridging the information gap, current paper tries to apply qualitative approach to provide policy- making process of Development Assistance system. Required data have been provided through benchmarking studies and interviews with 54 experts of critical areas such as Foreign Affairs, Policy making, Legislative, Economic, Cultural, Science and Technology, as well as domestic and foreign (Japan and South Korea) experts having experience of ODA. The results lead to the policy-making process of development assistance system for developing nations. [1] Official Development Assistance

The law on water distribution is one of the most important laws introduced after the victory of the Islamic Revolution regarding water resources and consumption. The law was implemented in line with Article 45 of the Constitution in order to revise the principles of water law and how it was nationalized in order to establish a fair water distribution system. Unfortunately, despite the rapid pace of social / climate and economic developments, this law has not been amended since 1971. Although Acceptance and flexibility versus reality and changes is a sign of intelligence, it should not hamper the implementation of the law. In fact, Due to the environmental changes, review periods are defined to bring the law into line with the needs of the community, to be intelligently flexible with change so that people can implement the law completely (Failure to fully implement the law). The revision process should be transparent, democratic. This study is an analytical approach aimed at revising the fair water distribution law. The findings of this study show that in some partsof this law violates other laws. The rules should be generated for everyone and exceptions result in abusing the water resources. Also, according to the poor state of water resources, especially the decline in water quality, there should be the possibility to amend existing laws and create new ones.

Nowadays, insurance intermediaries, especially insurance brokers, who act as a bridge that connects insurers to insureds, have a salient role in the development of insurance industry. Insurance brokers select the best possible portfolio of insurance products for their clients in insurance market. This leads insurers to promote further the variety of their insurance products and, in turn, enhancing their sale. It is inevitable to regulate insurance brokers in order to protect customers against their misconduct and misrepresentation. In this article, the assumed theory is based on the fact that regulation of insurance brokerage’s relationships cannot merely based on private law principles, so there is a need to intervene public law to regulate them. In this study, introducing the functions of insurance brokers and their benefits, various regulatory aspects of insurance brokerage are presented and investigated considering examples from other countries and Iran

Progress in the science of public policy can be enhanced by the effective utilization of scientific contributions made by different researchers across the world. This goal can be achieved through translation and transfer of scientific literature into different languages, which can then serve as a platform for new research efforts to expand the horizons of knowledge in this field. Scientific-research journals are among the most credible, prestigious, and up-to-date sources of information and means of knowledge dissemination in any scientific field. The Journal of Public Policy and Administration, which is being published by the Public Administration Committee (PAC) of the UK Joint University Council (JUC), plays such a role in the field of public policymaking. The present paper reports on the most important findings contained in issue #4 of volume #33 of this journal, which was published with the title “Special Issue: Questioning Policy Design” in October 2018. The report aims to contribute to the knowledge of political science researchers and public policymakers about the latest findings in this field.