مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
سال بیست و ششم شماره 7 (پیاپی 184، مهر 1398)

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder. Various genetic locations play a role in susceptibility to this disease, including those in the ATF6 (Activating transcription factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between ATF6 polymorphism (rs2070150) and type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with type 2 diabetes in Kurdistan.

The present study is a case-control study. A total of 200 blood samples 100 healthy individuals and 100 diabetic patients (age and gender matched)) from the cities of Kurdistan province were screening for ATF6 (rs2070150) polymorphism by Tetra-ARMs PCR method. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and chi-square test.

The results showed that 4, 12 and 84 patients, and 3, 26 and 71 healthy controls, respectively, had CC, CG and GG genotypes.

GC (%42) Genotype in studied population is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (p=0.041).

One of the most important factors in the proper functioning of the military is the accurate assessment of feedback. Among these, the proper knee joint proprioception is one of the most important factors in this regard. This study was performed to evaluate knee joint proprioception changes in military forces following a period of a static and dynamic stretching of hamstrings, quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles.

The study was semi-experimental. The population of the study included the men AJA air defense base of Khatam al-Anbia (PBUH), among which, 60 individuals were randomly divided into three groups of 20; Static (height: 173.27, Weight: 78.14), Dynamic (Height: 175.08, Weight: 76.92), and Control (Height: 176.12, Weight: 80.09). The subjects in both groups of static and dynamic stretching performed their group-specific stretching programs. The goniometric method of digital images was used to measure the knee joint proprioception using AutoCAD software. One-way variance analysis test and paired t-test were used for results. The significance level in the present paper was considered to be 95% (α≤0.05) (SPSS 22).

The results of the knee joint proprioception variables showed a significant difference with the control group (slight increase), between the static groups (decrease, p=0.05) and the dynamics (decrease, p=0.004). There was also a significant difference in the measured variables in the in-group comparison in the static group (decrease, p=0323) and dynamics (decrease, p=0.002). (Reducing the absolute error values of the target angle reconstruction and, consequently, improving the knee joint propensity sensitivity).

Static and dynamic stretching exercises in the lower extremity can possibly affect muscle spikes, increase muscle temperature, trigger the activation phenomenon, repeat the movement in a specific pattern, and ultimately the phenomenon of post-traptional sensory drainage, increase the sensitivity of muscle receptors and ultimately improve the sense of knee joint condition. Since any proprioception sense of depression can lead to mechanical instability and ultimately cause the joint to be prone to mild blows and ultimately damage, stretching exercises may also change the muscle spindle properties and increase the knee proprioception. Also, dynamic stretching improves the ability to perform better in the knee joint proprioception variable relative to static stretchinglearning of nursing students as well as accepting responsibility professionals in medical sciences.

Cyclofosfamide has damage effect on bone marrow and changes blood parameters. The seed of Vitis vinifera L. has anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the Vitis vinifera' seed extract (VSE) on blood parameters in male rat treated by cyclofosfamide.
Methods and Material: 42 adult male Wistar rats (220±20 gr) were devided into 6 groups (n=7) randomly. The control group (0.5 ml normal saline- daily, i.p), witness group (15 mg/kg cyclophosphamide, i.p), positive control group (200mg/kg VSE, i.p), treated groups1,2 & 3 (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg & 400 mg/kg VSE + 15 mg/kg cyclophosphamide daily, i.p, for 10 days). At the end of examinations, the animals were anesthetized with ethyl ether and blood samples were collected from heart directly. The blood parameters such as RBC, WBC, PL, HB and Hct were analysed.

The blood cells and platelets were decreased in witness group comparing with control group significantly (p<0.001). The RBC, WBC, PL and hemoglobin significantly increased in positive control group compare to cyclophosphamide treated group (p<0.001). In treated groups with cyclophosphamide + VSE the blood cells and PL increased significantly compared with witness group (p<0.01).

The use of VSE has protective effects on blood parameters in rats induced with cyclophosphamide.

Aspartame as a synthetic sweetener is a dipeptide composed of aspartic acid and phenylalanine. It is 180 -200 times more sweetener than sucrose, which is made by two enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods and was first discovered randomly in 1965. The high sweetening power and low calorie of aspartame was prompted food industry that it used as a good alternative compared to sugar in sweet foods such as all types of beverages and sweets for people with diseases that associated with glucose homeostasis. In several years ago, some studies have shown that aspartame has been considered as a reason for induction of oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome, nervous system diseases, modifier of gastrointestinal microflora, and complications that related to these and even cancer. While, in the other studies, aspartame is still considered as a safe compound and an alternative compared to sugar for prevention of diseases such as obesity, diabetes and weight loss. Despite of contradictory studies, food safety organizations such as the FDA, the FAO, and the EFSA, are still authorizing daily use of aspartame at an acceptable daily intake (DAI) for all individuals with the exception of people with phenylctonuria disease.

Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes) is one of the causes of hospital-acquired infections, which its standard strains quickly become resistant to the antibiotics. The discovery of new inhibitory agents against this pathogen is constantly expanding. In this study, the inhibitory effects of several synthetic chemical compounds including magnesium oxide nanoparticles and thiazole, imidazolidine and tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives and natural compounds including nisin and poly-L-lysine were evaluated against E. aerogenes.

The project is an experimental study. Solutions of all compounds with a specific initial concentration were prepared in 10% DMSO. Antibiogram tests were performed by disc diffusion and broth micro dilution methods according to CLSI guidelines.

Thiazole and tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives, magnesium oxide nanoparticles, nisin and poly-L-lysine had no inhibitory effects on E. aerogenes. Only, imidazolidines 10a and 10c were effective against E. aerogenes with Inhibition Zone Diameter (IZD) = 6.12 and 11.52 mm, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) = 1024 and 256 μg/ml, and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) = 2048 and 512 μg/ml, respectively.

The inhibitory effects of imidazolidines10a and 10c were proved on the standard strains of E. aerogenes. Design and synthesis of new and more effective derivatives having imidazolidine skeletons can be considered in future studies.

Developmental coordination disorder is an obvious problem in school aged children which affects motor performance, educational achievement and self-esteem; so the aim of present study is investigating the effect of rhythmic motor games on Motor Proficiency, educational achievement and self-esteem of DCD children.

A semi-experimental method and a pre-posttest design with control was considered for this study. Sample was included of 36 children (18 experimental and 18 control group) which recognized as DCD and was chosen among students of elementary schools of rejoin 6 of Tehran city and in the range of 10 to 11 years old. Persian Version of Motor Observation Questionnaire for Teachers (PMOQ-T) was used for recognition of DCD and average scores in Persian, mathematics, science and dictate lessons were used for educational achievement. Also a Cooper-smith self-esteem inventory for assessment of self-esteem and a Bruininks-Oseretsky test 2nd version (bot-2) for evaluating motor competence was used. Children in experimental group participated in rhythmic motor games for 12 weeks and 36 sessions while children in control group were inactive. After the end of intervention variables were assessed and were analyzed with descriptive statistics and covariance analyze test in a significant level of 0.05.

Results showed that participation in rhythmic motor games has a positive significant impact on motor competence (F=1.93, P=0.000), educational achievement (F=61.64, P=0.000) and self-esteem (F=32.67, P=0.000) of DCD children (P<0.05).

according to the results it is suggested that in regard to improvement in motor competence, educational achievement and self-esteem of DCD children, rhythmical motor games can be used.

Family psychological function is one of the important aspects of the family space that affects the physical, social and emotion health of individuals. It also depends to psychological condition such as, resilience, perceived social support and job burnout. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of resilient, perceived social support and job burnout in predicting family psychological function in nurses.

The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population was including all nurses in Maragheh hospitals that there were 350 people in 2018. Finally, 108 of them were selected by cluster sampling method. To collect data, Maslach & Jackson burnout questionnaires, Conner-Davidson resilience questionnaire, Iranian Family Psychological Function Scale, and Zimt et al’s Perceived Social Support Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with synchronous model using SPSS 24.

The findings showed that family psychological function of nurses has inverse relationship with job burnout (r=-0.38), and positive relationship with with resiliency (r=0.32), perceived social support (r=0.48). Job burnout, resilience and perceived social support predict %59 of the variance of family psychological functions.

The resilience, perceived social support and job burnout variables had effective roles in predicting nurses’ family psychological function. Hence, it is proposed that counselors, therapists and planners consider the symptoms of these variables and design appropriate programs to improve nurses’ family psychological function in order to improve the health and health of nurses and their families.

Self-management is an important factor in the management of chronic diseases and symptom control. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a psychological training program to improve self-management in MS patients in Guilan province regarding the importance of self- management in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

In this non-randomized clinical trial, 50 women with MS in Guilan province in 2018 were participated in two groups of intervention (25 people) in a voluntary manner and control (25 people) in matching. The trial was conducted in Rasht. The self-management measured by Bishop & Frain (2011) Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Scale-Revised (MSSM-R). After receiving the pre-test, the experimental group was trained with Psychological Training Program for five weeks and that were eight sessions, but the control group did not receive any training; after five weeks, both groups received a post-test and finally, again after two months, the follow-up test received. Data were analyzed by SPSS-22 software and Repeated Measures ANOVA test.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores in total self-management scores in MS patients regardless of group factor (F=11.766,P=0.0001). Also, the process of self-management changes were stable from the pre-test to post-test and follow-up stage (interaction between time and group) and a significant difference was seen (F=26.930,P=0.0001).

In line with the results, it is suggested that, while recognizing and covering the limitations, this psychological intervention should be used to improve the self-management of these patients in clinical and research positions.

Substance abuse is one of the most widespread and costly health problems in modern societies. Customary medical treatments are often ineffective and relapse is prevalent. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and mindfulness-based substance abuse treatment (MBSAT) to improve executive functions in adolescents with substance abuse.

The research design was experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. Sixty adolescents (aged 18-21) with substance abuse disorders were selected according to including and excluding criteria and randomly assigned into the tDCS group (n=20), MBSAT group (n=20) and control group (n=20). To collect data, we used of the neurosciences tasks including N-Back Test, Wisconsin card sorting test, Go/ No Go Task and Balloon Analogue Risk Taking Task (BART). Data analysis was performed using mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures in SPSS 22.

The results showed that both transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and mindfulness-based substance abuse treatment (MBSAT) therapy improved the executive functions of adolescents with substance abuse disorder. Analysis showed no significant difference between two treatments.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Mindfulness-Based Substance Abuse Treatment can be used as an effective intervention to improve executive functions in adolescents in adolescents with SUD.

It seems that changes in sodium and potassium balance and lipid profile associated with blood pressure levels.  Aerobic exercise as known as a blood pressure levels modified factors. The aims of this study were to investigate the correlations between plasma sodium and potassium changes, lipid profile and blood pressure following aerobic exercise in academic active men.

In This study, 65 academic active men selected with Purposeful sampling as study subjects. Then all subjects randomly allocated in control and experimental (water and out water training) groups. In pre-test and after aerobic exercise with %70 of maximal heart rate intensity, all lipid variable (HDL, LDL, VLDL, TG, TC), blood pressure and plasma sodium and potassium measured.  To compare difference and correlations one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation used, respectively. 

Correlation between changes in systolic and plasma sodium levels (r=0.86) after an aerobic exercise intervention in water (r=0.88) and outside water (r=0.90) slightly increased. The association of diastolic blood pressure levels with plasma sodium levels (r=0.07) after an intervention in aerobic training in water (r=0.08) and out of water (r=0.11) increased insignificantly. Intervention of aerobic exercise in water and outside water did not have a significant effect on the association of blood pressure with lipid variables (p≥0.05).

Intervention of aerobic exercise in water and outside water has no significant effect on the relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels with sodium and potassium levels and lipid variables.

Fibromyalgia includes a fatigue syndrome with chronic pain that declines the patients’ quality of life. Previous studies confirm these observations, but there is no study on aged-population regarding this issue. Thus we investigated the impacts of anodal stimulation on the life quality in aged-population suffering from fibromyalgia.

Fifty aged females with fibromyalgia were randomized to receive sham stimulation or real tDCS with the anode centered over the primary motor cortex (M1) and a cathode over the contralateral supraorbital area (2 mA for 20 minutes for 10 sessions). The overall effect of fibromyalgia on the quality of life was assessed using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. Also, the mood and anxiety levels were evaluated with Beck depression inventory and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. All assessments were done before, after the last session, and 30 days after the last session of the stimulation.

The quality of life was evaluated for shame stimulation group as well as stimulation group, before the intervention, immediately after the last session, a month later on that were as follows: FIQ: 58.84, 58.4 (p=0.796), 56.17, 49.26 (p=0.020),57.86, 52.32 (p=0.050) and SF-36 score: 38.04, 41.31 (p=0.43), 45.49, 49.84 (p=0.376), 40.40, 45.38 (p=0.138) respectively. In addition, the levels of anxiety and depression for both control and intervention groups were 20.36, 18.84 (p=0.219), 16.68, 15.52 (p=0.106), 18.00, 16.12 (p=0.112), respectively.

Although the quality of life for the intervention group was increased, it was not significant. In this regard, the results were inconsistent with the result of previous literature, investigating this issue. Furthermore, the results of the level of anxiety and depression were not significantly different for both groups.

The use of non-enzymatic antioxidants and proper exercise can have a positive effect on decreasing apoptotic side effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and consumption of l-carnitine on some of the apoptosis factors in the liver of diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 45 male Wistar rats (200-300 gr) were randomly divided into six groups: 1) sham group, 2) healthy control group 3) diabetic control group, 4) diabetic group receiving l-carnitine, 5) diabetic group of aerobic training, 6) diabetic group of aerobic training and receiving l-carnitine. Rats were diabetic with nicotinic amide and a single dose of STZ of 55 mg / kg body weight. Rats in the L-carnitine group received daily 100 mg of l-carnitine orally. The aerobic exercise protocol done on the treadmill.

Combined intervention of aerobic exercise and supplementation of l-carnitine had a significant effect on Bcl2 factor in liver tissue in diabetic rats. However, six weeks of aerobic exercise and supplementation alone do not have a significant effect, six weeks of aerobic training and combined intervention had significant effect on BAX factor in liver tissue in diabetic rats but supplementation of l-carnitine alone had no significant effect.

L-carnitine supplementation intake with regular exercise can have beneficial effects on apoptotic improvement in rats with type 2 diabetes

Studies have shown that sex steroids affect on digestive system cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cytotoxic dose of estradiol on BAX, Bcl2 and CD82/KAI1 genes expression in adenocarcinoma colorectal cells (HT29).

In this laboratory-experimental study, HT29 cells were divided into the control group and a group exposed to cytotoxic dose of estradiol (0.1 mg/mlfor HT29). Real-time PCR was used to evaluate BAX, Bcl2 and CD82/KAI1 genes expression levels. The data were statistically analyzed between groups using ANOVA.

In HT29 cells exposed to cytotoxic dose of estradiol, BCL2 and BAX genes expression levels significantly increased and decreased, respectively (p<0.001). CD82/KAI1 gene expression level significantly increased (p<0.01).

The estradiol cytotxic mechanism of action in adenocarcinoma colorectal cells is BAX- independent cell death. The cytotoxic dose of estradiol also enhances metastasis inhibition in adenocarcinoma colorectal cells.