نشریه بیولوژی کاربردی
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 34، تابستان 1398)

Two decades have passed since platelet rich fibrin (PRF) was first introduced. The primary objective was to develop a therapy where platelet concentrates could be introduced into wounds by effectively utilizing the body’s natural healing capacity. This was achieved by collecting growth factors derived from blood in a natural way. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet rich growth factor (PRGF) had been commercialized, yet both contained secondary byproducts that were both unnatural and known inhibitors of wound healing. By removing these anti-coagulants and modifying centrifugation protocols, PRF was introduced some years later with the potential to markedly impact many fields of medicine including dentistry. Many aspects important for tissue regeneration have since been revealed including the important role of fibrin as well as the preferential release of growth factors over longer periods of time from PRF. Furthermore, by introducing a new set of cells into platelet concentrates, a marked impact on tissue regeneration and wound healing was observed. Further modifications to centrifugation speed and time have additionally improved PRF into a concept. Investigators began to modify surgical techniques to favorably treat patients with PRF with improved clinical outcomes. In this first chapter, we highlight the discovery of PRF and the studies leading to its first use in regenerative medicine. We focus specifically on its properties for wound healing and how its presented advantages over previous versions of platelet concentrates have favorably enhanced the regenerative potential of platelet concentrates in dentistry.

In order to investigate the effect of Azolla compost on vegetative characteristics of ornamental plants, Pedilanthus tithymaloides was selected as a model plant. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design in five treatments and three replications in the Advanced Greenhouse of the Research Institute of Biotechnology, Rasht. The Growing media control of this study, peat-perlite-sand, was considered 1: 1: 1 ratio, and the compost Azolla was replaced by 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% volumes. The treatments consisted of: Azolla compost + 100% Peat-perlite-sand (control), Azolla compost + 75% Peat-perlite-sand, 50% Azolla compost + 50% Peat-Pearlite-Sand, 75% Azolla compost + 25% Peat-perlite-sand and 100% Azolla compost + 0% Peat-perlite-sand. In this experiment, growth indices, including number of leaves, number of buds, length of bud, fresh and dry weight of stem, fresh and dry weight of root were measured. The results showed that replacing Azolla compost levels had a significant effect on leaves number, length of bud, fresh and dry weight of stem, fresh and dry weight of root. Comparison of the substrate used showed that replacement of 25% Azolla compost in the Growing media had the most effect on Pedilanthus plant growth indices.

Nocardia is a germ-positive filamentous bacterium with relative acid-fast properties that ubiquitously exists as an environmental saprophyte. Nocardiosis is usually characterized as an acute or chronic illness associated with pus or granulomatosis, which can cause an aggressive disease both in healthy people and immunosuppressive patients. The aim of this study was to identify the biodiversity of Nocardia species isolated from Tehran hospitals via phenotypic and PCR molecular approaches.

200 samples were collected from Tehran hospitals. After being separated by paraffin baiting technique, the colonies were evaluated for their growth abilities in liquid lysozyme and at 45°C and based on other biochemical tests via macroscopic examinations and then microscopic gram and relative acid-fast staining practices. Ultimately, we designed a genus-specific primer set and performed the PCR reaction to compare both results.

From the 200 samples, 30 samples were identified as positive based on the culture and biochemical tests and molecular method.

Considering the species diversity of Nocardia genus and the existence of different conditions for performing phenotypic and biochemical tests, it is very probable that another genus relevant to the actinomycete family be mistakenly identified as Nocardia. Thus, molecular methods can provide confirmation of the phenotypic approach.

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review summarizes the pathogenesis and significance of serological and molecular-based assays and new methods in the diagnosis and management of HCV infection after reading this article, readers should be able to describe laboratory tests used in the diagnosis and management of HCV infection. They should also be able to describe the general principles for selecting the most appropriate laboratory test for diagnosis, therapeutic decision making, and assessment of virologic response to therapy. New methods for diagnosis of HCV virus infection could help for HCV detection and virus Genotypes in patient. Molecular methods are very sensitive and specific for RNA diagnosis and uses of this test for HCV genotypes Because HCV genotypes different response to druges.HCV genotypes detection could help for follow up treatment by interferon of patient. Keywords: hepatitis C virus, hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, molecular diagnostics

Currently, microbial contamination in different parts of hospitals with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance are the most important factors in the prevalence of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify contaminating bacteria in medical and non-medical equipment in Hazrate Masoumeh hospital Qom city (May-August2017).

Sampling was done from oncology, infectious, ICU and NICU sections using sterile swabs and transfer in BHI broth. Then collected samples were streaked on Nutrient agar and incubated at 37° C for 24 h .The isolates were identified with phenotypic and biochemical standard tests. Antibiotic resistance of isolates was performed using agar disk diffusion method due to CLSI standards.

Out of 84 samples, 77 samples had bacterial contamination and 127 strains were isolated. The prevalence of bacterial isolates were Bacillus subtilis (18.59%), Bacillus cereus (13.18%), Pseudomonas (11.63%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis(11.62%) and Corynebacterium sp. (10.55%), respectively. Among of isolated strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, had more than antibiotic resistance. The most antibiotic resistance was obtained for penicillin. The most isolates were sensitive to Amikacin ، Gentamycin، Ciprofloxacin.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens with multi drug resistant characteristic in nosocomial infections and hospital contamination.

Tuberculosis is diseases which has been threatening man’s health. It is estimated that every 4 seconds one person is infected and every 10 seconds one person dies by TB worldwide. The objective of this study is comparing the level of Anti phosphatidyl choline in blood before and during the treatment of an infected person in order to monitor the treatment.

In this study, the infected people who were transferred to Zahedan’s Bou’ali hospital in 1391 and 1392 and whose diseases were confirmed were taken under observation before and after the treatment. existence or lack of cavity was determined and blood was taken from the patients in order to measure the IgM of Anti phosphatidyl choline. After 2 months, the steps mentioned above were repeated and changes was specified, allays machine and the kit bought from Generic Assey company, were used for measuring the level of IgM in Anti phosphatidyl choline and the achieved data were analyzed by SPSS software.

The number of patients was 76. All the patients were esmir positive at the beginning of the test. After the treatment the esmir in 71 patients (93.42%) was negative (P< 0.0001). 67.1% of them had lung cavity.

Considering the result of this study, using the IgM of Anti phosphatidyl choline can be taken advantage for following the response to the patients’ treatment, even for the patients with cavity.

 One of the most important causes of nosocomial infections in patients with skin infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance with various mechanisms is one of the problems in treating these patients. The main role in the development of multiple resistance to antimicrobial drugs is played by the MexAB efflux pumps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the MexAB efflux pumps in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from skin samples.

In this study 200 swab specimens from patients with skin infections were collected in Qom hospitals. Pseudomonas aeruginosa specimens were confirmed by biochemical tests. The drug susceptibility pattern was compared to ciprofloxacin by disk diffusion method and the phenotypic study of the effects of efflux pumps was done using cartwheel method .

In this study, 89 (45%) samples were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, of which 19 cases (21%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin and more than 54% of the presence of the pump in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa more than 54% of the presence of the pump in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

the presence of more than 54% of the presence of the pump in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is important in order to suggest a suitable therapeutic model for the infected patients. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, skin infections, efflux pump

The use of medicinal herbs for treatment has a long history around the world. Medicinal plants may be contaminated by many microorganisms. Therefore, the evaluation of the quality of the microbial load of medicinal plants is necessary due to the importance of these plants. The aim of this study was to Investigation of microbial contamination of some dry medicinal plants in Yazd herbal shops.

In this study 35 samples of dried medicinal plants included: Zataria multiflora, Mentha spicata, Melissa officinalis, Borago officinalis, Valeriana wallichii, Cotoneaster kotschyi, Alhagi maurorum samples were collected randomly from different sources of Yazd city and And their microbial load was investigated. In order to determine the bacterial and fungal contamination of these plants, the purple method was used with specific culture medium.

The results showed that the highest and lowest microbial contamination in medicinal herbs was related to Borago officinalis and Valeriana wallichii. According to the results obtained from medicinal plants, Mentha spicata has the highest number of yeast and Cotoneaster kotschyi, with the least number of yeast. The pathogenic bacteria of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in the plants.

By identifying the microbial contamination of the herbs, it is possible to use the necessary precautions.

Lactobacilli are the most well-known natural vaginal flora that helps keep the vaginal acidic environment in the presence of hydrogen peroxide enzymes. Lactobacillus destroys pathogenic bacteria in the vagina through the production of hydrogen peroxide.

Among the patients referring to the medical centers of Urmia, 250 women with abortion history who were between 25 and 30 years of age were selected based on a questionnaire and a clinical examination and a sample was taken from them. 250 samples were taken from the vaginal area using sterile swabs and the presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus was confirmed by whiff test and biochemical tests. Then, the drug resistance and sensitivity of Lactobacillus acidophilus to 9 antibiotics cotrimoxazole, vancomycin, ceftazidime, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, ampicillin, piperacillin and colistin were studied.

from 250 samples, 238 samples (95.2%) had bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and in 12 samples (4.8%) bacteria were not observed. All abortion patients are sensitive to cotrimoxazole, piperacillin, and clostin antibiotics. Also, all samples were resistant to the antibiotics vancomycin, imipenem, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin

Introduction Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common problems in women of reproductive age. About 80 percent of women experience moderate mood and body changes during premenstrual periods. Physical activity is one of the most suitable methods for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. If exercises can be used to treat or reduce the severity of premenstrual syndrome, because of the simple, low risk and low cost of exercise, and the lack of specific human facilities, exercise will be cost-effective, while medications will have fewer side effects. Does not have long-term control. Method This study was a comparative study conducted on 400 students. 200 physical education students were randomly selected and 200 non-physical education students were selected class- randomly. A two-part questionnaire was used to collect data. The first part refers to individual information, and the second part shows the presence of premenstrual syndrome. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics of Chi-square, Fisher-mantel Haenszel. The proportion of premenstrual syndrome in physical education students was lower than that of non-physical education students. Results There was a meaningful relationship between the ratio of affliction to PMS and age (p<0/008).academic semester (p<0/00001) and record of sports exercise (p=0/00047) among physical education students. In order words, among this class of students, the ratio of affliction diminishes with the increase in terms, age and semester.