فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 42، تابستان 1398)

Cognitive dimensions, particularly cognitive flexibility in addition to parasocial interaction are noticeable factors in celebrity bonds. In this regard, the present study was conducted to compare cognitive flexibility and parasocial interaction in celebrity worshipers and non-worshipers.

In an causal-comparative design among statistical population of the research including all students of Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Tehran in 2018 a total sample of 350 male and female students were selected by convenience sampling method and responded to Celebrity Attitude Scale, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and  Celebrity Parasocial Interaction Scale. Considering the high and low total scores of the Celebrity Attitude Scale and eliminating the middle scores, the study participants were divided into two groups of celebrity worshipers (n=120) and non-worshipers (n=120) and cognitive flexibility and parasocial interaction were compared between the two groups. A multivariate analysis of variance was applied for data analysis.

According to the results, celebrity worshipers got lower scores in cognitive flexibility and higher scores in parasocial interaction compared to non-worshipers (p<0/001).

Based on these results, cognitive flexibility and parasocial interaction are remarkable factor in celebrity worship that enhancement of cognitive flexibility ability and reduction of the parasocial interaction can result in reduction of excessive interaction with favorite celebrities. Keywords: cognitive flexibility, parasocial interaction, celebrity worshipers, celebrity non-worshipers.

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) via promoting positive imagery on self-care activities, quality of life, interpretation bias and depressed mood in patients with type II diabetes.

In a semi-experimental study, 30 diabetic patients from 7 health center in Isfahan were selected through available sampling method, and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The study instruments were  Tubert Self-care,  Burroughs Quality of Life,  Vanzlf Scrambled Sentences  and Beck Depression Scales. Experimental group received 7 sessions of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) via promoting positive imagery and all subjects were evaluated 3 occations at pretest, posttest and follow- up stages. The gathered data was analyzed by a repeated-measure MANCOVA analysis.

The results showed that CBM-I via promoting positive imagery significantly was improved means for self-care activities,as well as, quality of life, cognitive bias and mood in diabetic patients in experimental group compared to the control group.

This study showed that cognitive bias modification for interpretation via positive imagery plays a pivotal role in improving self-care activities, quality of life, interpretation bias and mood. These findings suggest this method  is suitable intervention for improvement of psychological variables among patients with type 2 diabetes. Keywords: cognitive bias modification for interpretation, positive imagery, self-care, quality of life, interpretation bias, depressed mood, diabetes.

Psychosocial factors may play role inorintation of life of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.The aim of present study was to investigat the effectiveness of a positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on orintation of life in female teachers with chronic fatigue syndrome.

A semi-experimental design with pretest, posttest with control group was applied. The population included all teacher women with chronic fatigue syndrome in Meshkinshahr in 2017. A sample of 40 female teachers selected and randomly assigned into 2 groups (one experimental group and one control group). For data collection, Chalder Chronic Fatigue and Orientation of Life questionnaires were used. Positive cognitive-behavioral therapy was administered to experimental group for 11 sessions, whereas the control group receive no intervention. The extracted data analysed by a analysis of covariance.

Results showed increased optimistic vision, as well as, reduced pessimistic vision of women in experimental group (p<0/01) than control group.

It could be concluded that positive cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective on orientation of life of female teachers with chronic fatigue syndrome and is then recommended as an effective intervention to them. Keywords: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Orintation of Life, Positive Cognitive- behavioral Therapy, teachers, women.

In recent years, mindfulness-based research has been developed. Many tools have been developed to measuring mindfulness in adults, one of the most important is the Southampton Questionnaire. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire.

To determine the psychometric properties and factor analysis of this scale. A sample of 200 students (100 boys and 100 girls) were selected from Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences through convenience sampling. Self-compassion Scale – Shor t Form was used for convergent validity, and depression, anxiety, stress and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were used for divergent validity. To analyze the data, correlation coefficient and exploratory factor analysis were used with SPSS-20 software.

In the exploratory factor analysis three factors were obtained the three factor structure that in total, 50/51% of the total variance of mindfulness was explained. The results also showed that the Southampton questionnaire had a good convergence validity with self-compassion (0/59) and positive affect (0/40) and good divergent validity with negative affect (-0/35), depression scale (-0/36), anxiety (-0/30) and stress (-0/50). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was obtained for the first factor,0/78 the second factor 0/69 and the third factor 0/62.

It could be concluded that the Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire has approperiate psychometric properties in the student community. The findings of the present study indicate that the Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire can be reliable tool for assessing the level of mindfulness. Keywords: Mindfulness, Psychometric Properties, Exploratory Factor Analysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a attribution retraining programm on the test anxiety level and obsessional perfectionism of the high -school girl students with test anxiety.

In a randomized controled trial design among statistical population consisting all female high-school students of the Semnan high-schools,during 2018 academic year, a total sample of 50 subjects selected  by a cluster-sampling method, and divided randomly to  experimental and control groups. Two standard questionnaires of the research included:1- Friedman Test Anxiety and 2- Hill's Perfectionism Scale.

Our findings revealed significantly reduced mean scores of the obsessional perfectionism and test anxiety of the high-school girls in the experimental group than control. Six subcomponents of perfectionism including: organizing, striving for excelence, need for approval, concern over mistakes,      parental pressure and rumination, as well as, cognitive error  from test xiety were significant. No other  significant component was evident.

It could be mention that the  the attribution retraining intervention  could reduce the test anxiety level, as well as, obsessional perfectionism in the female high-school students and  can help to student's mental health promotion.

The harmful smartphone use can negatively affect the various aspects of human life. The prevalence of a psychological phenomenon that known as nomophobia is one of the negative influences of it. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of mood status and anxiety sensitivity in predicting nomophobia with regard to the moderating role of gender.

The research methodology was descriptive correlational. The study participants were included 191 (94 girls and 97 boys) undergraduate  Semnan University students that were selected by available sampling method. The data were collected using Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3). Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that both positive and negative affect, as well as, anxiety sensitivity, positively and significantly predicted nomophobia. Analysis of the moderating effects of gender role also revealed that only positive affect, in boys and negative affect in girls could predict nomophobia. Although anxiety sensitivity was a positive predictor of nomophobia in both groups, the predictor coefficient was higher in boys.

The results indicated mood and cognitive readiness for vulnerability to the nomophobia and the patterns of this vulnerability in female and male students were different.

This study was aimed at looking into fairy tales from object relations theory’s perspective to analyze the concepts, developmental processes and story courses. The links between psychic structure of fairy tales’ characters and their object relations through developmental phases discovered. Endeavors was also made to discover a model to improve therapeutic process based on the analysis of fairy tales’ structure, as well as, their ending from the theory’s point of view. The present research was carried out through qualitative method and the data was analyzed through thematic analysis. The sampling method was purposive and population included the German collection of “Grimms' Fairy Tales”. The findings of the research showed that the concepts, developmental phases, psychological problems and therapy process in object relations theory can be traced in the fairy tales too. In all of the stories, the hero went through the same required phases of psychological development. Besides, the ending of the stories corresponded to the psychological maturity. According to the findings of this research, therapists can be inspired by the fairy tales’ symbolism to guide clients through different stages of psychological development. As the fairy tales are rooted in our individual and collective unconscious and are close to human being’s nature, they can offer authentic solutions to reach a genuine self.

From a public health standpoint, the average weight of newborns is one of the main indicators of the quality of health care services received, reproductive health, safe motherhood, nutrition and intrauterine growth during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the biological characteristics and the marital satisfaction of mothers who give birth to newborns with low birth weight (LBW) in the city of Chalus. This is a causal–comparative study, conducted in 2016 in which the mothers of 50 newborns with a birth weight of less than 2500 g and those of 50 newborns with an ideal / satisfactory weight of more than 3800 g were surveyed. The information was gathered with Afrooz Questionnaires for Biological, Cognitive, Psychological and Social traits of Mothers and Marital Satisfaction of Couples. The data collected from the questionnaires was analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistical regression using SPSS version 22. The results of this study showed that the frequency of newborns with LBW in Chalus was%3/7. The frequency of pregnant mothers with an age of less than 20 was%3/33 while those over 35 was%11, and%23/8 with consanguineous marriages. The analysis showed that of the maternal characteristics studied, Mather’s age and marital satisfaction had a statistically significant relationship with LBW in newborns. This study demonstrated that certain biological and psychological maternal traits have a considerable impact on LBW in newborns, and can be further considered in programs aimed towards the prevention of LBW.

Firefighters are frequently and constantly facing stressful and traumatic situations. The purpose of the present study was  structural  equation modeling of anxiety sensitivity, emotion regulation and resilience in the formation of depression and PTSD disorders.

In a descriptive-correlational research patterns regarding the direct and indirect relationships and interactions among the variables of anxiety sensitivity, resilience, and emotion regulation with depression and PTSD disorders were tested through path analysis. The population of the study consisted all male firefighters of Mashhad in 2018 aged 28 to 55 years, among whom a sample of 264 firefighters were randomly selected to fill the depression, PTSD, anxiety sensitivity, emotion regulation and resilience questionnaires.

The findings showed significantly direct and indirect effects of anxiety sensitivity on PTSD (P<0/05), direct effect of resilience on PTSD (P<0/05), direct and indirect effects of emotion regulation on PTSD , direct effect of resilience on depression in the model under study(P<0/05). The direct and indirect effects of emotion regulation on depression was significant as well. Also, anxiety sensitivity and emotion regulation influenced depression and PTSD both directly and indirectly and resilience directly influenced depression and PTSD.

It could be concluded that the variables of resilience, anxiety sensitivity, and emotion regulation play important roles in predicting depression and post-traumatic stress among firefighters.