نشریه رسانه و فرهنگ
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، بهار و تابستان 1398)

Computer games, as a medium, consist of components or subsystems. Analysis of these games to its constitutive components or layers, can improve accuracy in ethical research about the games. This article intends to analyze computer games and also conducted researches about them, define layers for them and to explain these layers, survey examples of Games and ethical issues related.The goal, story, mechanic, interaction and symbols can be classified as a layer constituent computer games. Result of this paper improve the speed and accuracy of Ethical Judgment and also a.[appear Potential of ethical issues in layers of games] or b.[determine the layers that have more potential for ethical issues]. also Layer Analysis can be an approach for Ethical Judgment in other subjects and dilemmas.

Although satire is not a new issue in Iran's social history, it enjoys a shorter background in the realm of media. Naturally, the presence of this newcomer in newspapers, has brought new issues alongside itself. Experts have considered two main features or purposes for satire. One is criticism and the other modification. The latter can be considered the result of the first, if everything ends up fruitfully. These two purposes can be thought of as the most effective functions for satire, though overgeneralization cannot be done in this regard either. However, a satirist should be familiar with media ethics, freedom of press, and privacy. He should also know the functional concept of satire and apply criticism and modification principles to his writings. In the present research, we have discussed the effect and role of media ethics in the field of written satire of nationwide journals so as to have paid the due attribute from this viewpoint as well. Media theories, the fundamental theories of ethics and media, and normative theories of media have been used in this research. The research method was measurement and the means of data collection was questionnaire. The statistical community which has been considered totally consists of 84 members composed of journal satirists and caricaturists throughout the country.

In this research it has been attempted to identify the hidden concepts and issues in documentaries during two decades before and after Iran Islamic revolution. The purpose of this research is responding to this question:Considering the relativeness of social matters comparing to the time, what kind of change have happened in people’s points of view, desirable values and consequently the definition of social problems and issues?The films are analysed with 3 approaches:Functionalism, Conflict, deviation, from another point, the relationship between art and society is important, considering the elements of representation and power and reality.The research methodology is based on qualitative research and utilizing content analysis and narrative analysis with semiology approach.In this research 27 films were surveyed which 13 films are related to before Iran Islamic revolution and 14 films are related to after Iran Islamic revolution.The conclusions indicate that the main similarities researching problems and issue in the two periods are:The problems facing developing societies (poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, population growth, traffic, environment pollution, slum dwelling, shortage of house and hygiene and injustice) and main differences are related to revolutions social effects (dispersed view, ideological opinions) war, relationship between human being and nature and illness. Although regarding typology there are noticeable similarities in problems in the two periods however from different points of view, there are some great differences regarding finding roots, attitudes and tanking actions and finding solutions

An interesting aspect of sociolinguist investigations is the variation of the codes of conduct that different linguistic communities apply in their use of unfavorable or vulgar words when they talk about certain topics. The present study seeks to compare the usage of verbal taboos in the lectures delivered by political and religious figures. The data were collected from television and internet and the taboos were extracted from the two sets of lectures. The results indicated that both groups made use of taboos in their speeches and in both, the general taboos ranked first in frequency. The significant finding is that political lecturers are more cautious with their words, while their religious counterparts use taboos more freely. In the religious group, general and animal taboos ranked highest and psycho-physical and family taboos ranked lowest. In the political group, however, general taboos ranked highest, and sex and animal taboos ranked lowest

There is a continuous challenge in use of information resources and scientific, art and cultural works and their copyright problems. To encounter  this challenge need to satisfy both of the copy right owners of digital contents  and the users who wants these contents.  Between medias and websites that contain digital contents under copyright laws, digital libraries maybe have more hardship about this problem; because they have numerous digital contents and resources and also have to response their users that expect receive the best resources to satisfy their information needs. Therefore the solutions that digital library use to encounter this challenge is useful for other cases that present digital content. In this article after reviewed  about the subject of copy right and the problems about it and digital libraries, tried  to present solutions for protection the copyright of  digital contents  that can used by digital libraries and another similar cases.

In recent years, the focus on professional ethics and behavior has been recognized by organizations as a necessity. Addressing the state of professional ethics in the field of public relations activities whose scope includes action, emotions, emotions, and in a word of public opinion, demonstrating the high importance of public relations, from the perspective of Inside and outside the organization, consider and reflect.The method of study in this article is Thematic content analysis of books and public relations and communications research. It should be explained that since no research on professional ethics in public relations was found in the searches, the authors of their research were excluded from articles on corporate ethics and organizational communication that included the performance of public relations organizations. Also, consider.It should be noted that the issue of professional ethics in the field of public relations has been looked at from the perspective of internal and external organizational relationships. The findings of the article show that from an external organizational perspective, public relations must respect honesty, trustworthiness, and truth, which are the basis of an ethical relationship, in order to reach the boundary of sustainability in public opinion. Along the way, non-compliance with professional ethics and behavior is also considered a threat to the organization's death. Research into the professional ethics of organizations has emphasized the need to avoid secrecy and focus on the principle of honesty in public relations. From the intra-organizational perspective, the findings also show that organizational structure is one of the factors influencing professional ethics. Other findings found in this study include less attention to ethical climate and professional ethics in organizational environments and discrimination as a major obstacle to achieving organizational goals.

Religious cinema after the Islamic revolution in Iran, despite claims by the country's cultural system and in support of these cinematic species, always with serious challenges. Doom, the movie is one of several religious film in Iran is that there's been a dispute with the riverbank and its perimeter was banned and continues to be, an unknown fate. The research plans, with using the theory of communicative action and qualitative content analysis method of habrmas, the challenges facing the religious film bamtalah item analysis and evaluation about the resurrection movie.For this purpose, the three groups involved in the fate of this effective film, namely the cultural authorities of the artistic/uzma; and the creators of the film have been identified and classified. In the process of analysis, statements of each group coding, categories and categories of themes after discovery and in the end, the findings of the research based on the theory of communicative action habrmas, collects and Collectors.

Place is not essentially a specific point on the Earth, it is a position in which human values and mental images form. Nowadays, increasing usage of virtual space and transforming human actions and social interactions from real world to virtual one show the increase of time spent in cybernetic world. This study compares the concept of physical and virtual places. It also aims to investigate capability of the conversion of virtual space to virtual place and the possibility of existing sense of place in it. In this regard, after addressing the concepts of place, virtual space and the possibility of transforming cyberspace to cyberplace, perception of place and it’s compatibility with virtual place is reviewed. Succeeding, the phenomenon of sense of place, its levels and then the probability of experiencing them in virtual world is studied. Lastly, after perusal of sense of place components, the comparative comparison between real and virtual sense of place will be cited. Finally, it is concluded that although virtual spaces have the capability of becoming a place, the sense of place cannot be experienced completely in it.

The Article is about this matter that Global media in the virtual space, plays an important role for creation of peace, and it can be opposition to injustice throughout the world. So it is necessary that journalists and news services have responsibilityfor cosmopolitan ethics. This cosmopolitan approach to ethicscanbeinclusive ofpatriotic interests. This article also explains aboutdifference between “colonial globalization” and “postcolonial global being” in the virtual world.Then The Author concludes that virtual world is a context for representation of humankind cultures throughout the worlds and a context for synergy of them.  So this articlestates about a cosmopolitan doctrine for virtual media by respectability for human life throughout the world and respecting to all of cultures. Cosmopolitan ethics for global media causes common intellectual and practical communication around the world for creation of a peacfull and just life for humankind

Body and how to manage it to one of the major issues in modern society and has become an important social and cultural studies. Given the central role of the media in today's world people are interested in expanding their body is striking in this study is an attempt to represent the culture of women's bodies are examined in popular magazines. The purpose of this research is to identify different dimensions of body culture, and knowledge representation body culture in popular women's magazines. So popular among women's magazines, the largest of the ideal life, and through the various issues of this magazine, using random sampling numbers for 1393 are that the method of content analysis. The study has two main questions: What are the different dimensions of the concept of body culture? And literature in popular women's magazines represent the body's dimensions and elements of culture? The results show that the culture of the body in response to the first question has four dimensions including "self-assembled and decorated, self-care or control body, the body and the body's technological capital" and the eight components of which are linked in response to the second question, "then self and control of the body "and the component" physical and mental health "of the highest volume and frequency of their contents.

New interpretations of the concept of health and its approaches have been developed with appearance and rise of post modernism in medical science. Complementary and alternative medicine is one good sample of the therapy methods which match the postmodern interpretations. Due to the lack of existence of different types of complementary medicine specifically the music therapy in the universities and shortage of music therapy clinics in the Iranian society, we are facing appearance of websites and blogs on the subject of music therapy in the cyberspace. Considering these limitations, the cyberspace has a considerable role in creating an opportunity for the presence of a discourse which is otherwise marginalised.The possibility of the existence in the cyberspace while there is limited chance of presence in the physical world is a sign of post modernism.The limitations of the real world will of course have an effect on the quality of development of music therapy in the Iranian cyberspace. Therefore the following questions are asked that how the music therapy is introduced in the cyberspace, which characteristics of the complementary medicine are more focused on in the introduction of music therapy in the cyberspace and how these characteristics interact with the modern medical science?The research method adopted in this study is the analysis of quality content. The target research society is the Iranian websites active in the field of music therapy. The sampling method is theoretical (targeted) sampling which was undertaken until the theoretical saturation was reached. Study and analysis of the 11 websites under assessment showed that these websites focused on 7 fundamental characteristics of music therapy for its introduction to the audience including the scientific, historical, therapy, empowerment, healthcare benefit, application integrity and globalisation. Music therapy while trying to gain credit by getting close to the modern medical science, competes with it by focusing on some of its other characteristics and dimensions. Although modern medical science is facing some rival discourses in the cyberspace and silent discourses like music therapy have been able to use this space to compete with modern medical science and be present in the health space, what we used to know as complementary medicine has also been revolutionised and affected by the modern medical science.

The purpose of this paper is to find out the extent of realizing some of the theoretical issues and concerns about integrating politics and entertainment in political programs in Farsi-language television. Using the three concepts of "infotainment", "politainment" and "soft news" and the two theories of "cultivation" and "use and satisfaction", the researcher achieved the conceptual and theoretical model and analyse young audiences of These programs in Tehran in terms of consumption, demographic characteristics, interest in politics, consumption incentives, how to track, use alternative sources of news and information, political participation, and political tendency. Part of the most important research results show that political entertainment programs are mostly seen directly on TV, and broadcasts from domestic television are more popular. "Notification of events and news" and "Entertainment and spending leisure time" have been the most important motivations for the audience to watch these programs. The amount of political entertainment utilization is directly linked to the use of alternative sources of news and information.