مجله دانشکده پرستاری ارتش
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 31، پاییز 1395)

Our country is among the world's ten most disaster-prone countries and in terms of natural disasters is the fourth in the Asian continent. Of the most important health index in countries are deaths of children and pregnant women, which can provide health services at the right time to prevent their deaths. The aim of this study was to evaluate the care and intervention in helping to improve the conditions of women and children in crisis situations.

This study is a review article, based on information collected from regular search on online resources include: Google Scholar, PubMed, SID and relevant research and studies published between 2003 and 2013 carried out for library.

The results indicate that pregnant women and children leave such disasters incompatibility and providing care for mothers, newborns and children after a disaster is significantly reduced. In order to maintain and improve the health for mothers and children, so officials, doctors and nurses should be ready to provide services to these vulnerable groups in crisis situations and to deal with them in times of crisis as soon as possible. Among the most important measures in this context, can be cited as follows: transfer of pregnant women and babies to areas with better equipment, set up a relief teams with experts, given the proper nutrition of mothers, infants and children and promote interdisciplinary cooperation.

The mission of maternal and child health programs in times of crisis, is the maternal care during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum and also cares of newborn and child in way to reduce crisis danger and complications in hurt mothers and children and to keep their health.

Child birthing is a potentially traumatic event in women's lives and can provoke strong feelings and emotions in a way that post-traumatic stress disorder in some women. In the Worldwide, about 5.1 to 6% of pregnant women suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. Knowing the causes of disease and the factors that create and exacerbate the disease are effective and will guide you on how to prevent disease. The aim of this study is the post-traumatic stress disorder and related factors in pregnant women to prevent it with a review of relevant studies.

This article is a narrative review article, based on information collected from data bases including: Sid, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Magiran during 2010 and 2016 and published research relevant library by searching for keywords: Post- Traumatic Stress Disorders, Post- Partum, Childbirth, Predisposing Factors is done.

The results of the study indicate that factors such as a history of mental disorders, premature labor, early pregnancy, unplanned pregnancy, lack of breastfeeding, increase the duration of labor, anxiety and psychological pressure during labor, low support sexual partner his wife, and low levels of social support post-traumatic stress disorders affect delivery.

The experience of trauma during childbirth regardless of whether post-traumatic stress disorder lead or not, can affect mental performance and matching his mother in the postpartum leave negative impacts, it is suggested that the maternity hospitals, the field of providing services such as training programs and support on the question of coping with post-traumatic stress disorder following child birthing is established. So the opportunity to participate in meetings to discuss childbirth to provide mothers. Thereby step towards improving mental health of women in the postpartum removed.

Considering the increased number of hospitals and competition in private section, hospital marketing is becoming a challenge. Meanwhile, hospitals ought to look for competitive advantage; which can manifest as a hospital brand. Branding in a hospital can raise trust and loyalty levels among patients. This paper addresses how a hospital builds its brand in order to achieve competitive advantage.

The present paper provides a review based on information collected between 1989 and 2015, and is conducted using printed sources and databases such as Science Direct, Civilica, Noor Mags, and SID.

Factors such as physical environment, civil behavior of personnel, communication skills, knowledge and expertise of physicians and staff and also social liabilities of a hospital involved in hospital branding and creation of a desirable mental image that are discussed in this paper.

Given the increased number of private hospital and a heightened competition, to create competitive advantage, hospitals have to modify and upgrade influencing the process of hospital branding. Also, unique promotion as a means of introduction and distinction can be used by the hospitals.

Malnutrition is one of the common problems among patients- especially those hospitalized in intensive care units- and causes some complications for these people. This study was done in order to analyze the degree of malnutrition among critically ill patients, and to determine the importance of following enteral nutrition for these patients.

This article is a review article which has been performed through library research and search in national and international databases such as SID and PubMed, with keywords of critical patients, enteral nutrition and malnutrition, from 2008 to 2015.

Enteral nutrition involves delivering nutrients into digestive system through a tube or a catheter, and it is done when the patient is not able to receive food through mouth. Carried-out research show preference for enteral nutrition over IV nutrition among patients with normal performance of digestive system. Enteral nutrition keeps the natural performance of intestine, prevents atrophy of villi, stimulates intestinal perfusion, and improves the immune system. In addition, this method is much easier and more economical than the IV method.

Considering the spread of malnutrition among patients hospitalized in intensive care units, it is important to support these patients nutritionally. According to carried-out research, it is recommended to begin feeding patients without nutritional prohibition as soon as they are hospitalized.

Cholecystitis is one of the most common digestive diseases. Evidences show that the number of patients suffering from cholecystitis increases every year, Due to the high prevalence rate of gallbladder disease in societies, high costs and expenses are imposed to families and governments. The purpose of this article is to be familiar with kinds of cholecystitis, nursery proceedings; recognition and treatment for society's individuals especially care personnel.

This is a review article and it has been prepared by searching in library resources and scientific data bases such as PubMed and Science Direct with keywords of acute and Chronic, Cholecystectomy and laparoscopy cholecystitis, from 2009 to 2015.

Cholecystitis is divided to two categories including acute cholecystitis, acute cholecystitis free of stone and chronic cholecystitis. The cause of acute cholecystitis in 90 percent of patients is the stone of gallbladder. Cholecystitis without stone comes after big operations or trauma or sever burning, the changes in water balance and electrolytes. Surgery is the most certain way for treating cholecystitis. Patients who have the problem of acute cholecystitis need to be looked after by nurses who are aware of recognition methods used in curing cholecystitis. Responsibilities of nurse include post-operation cares, pre-operation cares, recognition and control of post-operation effects and release time educations. Post – operation interferences include Nose-gastric tube for prevention of stomach distention, improving of breathing condition, looking after evacuation tube, surveying and caring in terms of consequences like contamination and improving of breathing condition. Laparoscopic operation is the most preferable method of cholecystectomy because of the low level of its dangerous consequences in comparison to that of cholecystectomy.

With the regard to the increasing number of gallbladder disease especially cholecystitis, familiarity with signs and dangerous factors of stone of gallbladder and timely recognition of the disease has a significant role in curing the disease and decreasing the dangerous consequences of the disease. Nurses can play a significant role in recognizing the symptoms and curing and decreasing dangerous effects of the disease. Hence, they can lead to improve quickly patients by using nursery on the basis of the observations. Nursery services must be offered along with improving the life quality of patients and increasing their satisfaction.

Endotracheal tube placement is one of the most important invasive procedures for patients in the intensive care unit, to keep the airway open and mechanical ventilation. Suctioning the airways through an endotracheal tube, is a typical method to management the patients under mechanical ventilation, mechanically drain mechanically lung secretions and prevent airway obstruction, but if it isn’t done correctly it will have complications. The aim of this study is evaluating the qualification of endotracheal suctioning and its standard criterion.

This study is a review article which is based on collecting data from library and electronic sources such as SID, Elsevier, PubMed, Google scholar in 2001-2016 with keywords critical care, endotracheal suctioning, hemodynamic changes and mechanical ventilation. 

Now in most clinical centers, an evidence-based method for endotracheal suctioning is not used. Suctioning only if necessary, choose the appropriate suction catheter size, suction pressure, the depth of the inlet, runtime, removing suction catheter on a rotating basis, Preoxygenation beforehand, using aseptic techniques, using close system instead of open system, non-use of normal saline and the use of N-acetyl cysteine, if needed, are important to prevent and minimize the physiological problems associated with endotracheal suctioning. Retraining periods play an important role in standard suctioning and reduces its complications.

Despite the widespread side effects of this procedure, suctioning is still the only acceptable way to drain the lung secretions and airway clearance. To prevent side effects, identification of the accurate and timely indications can help the patient survival.

Cardiovascular disease is a chronic disease that involved individual, their family and the other people. It causes premature disability and a large financial burden on the healthcare system of the country. Due to the fact that nurses play an important role in the education and care of heart patients, different care models in the care of these patients has been arisen. The purpose of this article is an overview of a patient's care patterns and investigate each of these models in Iran.

This article reviews the studies models of heart disease surveillance in Iran that has been reported between 2000 to 2015 by scientific databases Google, Google Scholar, SID.

A total of 19 case studies showed that 4 native care model, have been used for the heart patient's care in Iran. All studies are interventional, and two articles examine two different methods in one care model. Reviewed articles focused on patient education based on the model of care or evaluate the care effect. The positive impact of the implementation of care model is clearly seen in all the papers.

Nursing care models have been shown as well as their efficacy for chronic patient care. Because Indigenous models have been designed compatible with Iranian culture, are better understood and used by researchers and subjects. It is suggested that these models be used in Iran hospitals.

Education is an agent of change and social progress. Any pre-planned training activities that will be implemented with the aim of learning in learners. Due to the importance of air transport and evacuation of injured and wounded trained and skilled medical teams seem necessary. In this article, the need for nurses to be trained in first aid and transport.

This article is a narrative review and the development of library and Internet search with a keyword of education, air transport and evacuation, nurses in the databases PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Ovid, Magi ran, SID, Google Scholar and references from 1995 to 2015 were used.

Nurses As a member of the treatment team can have an effective role in the air aid. Studies in the level of knowledge in the field of air transport and evacuation reflects the low level of education in nursing is required. In addition to the need ongoing training and periodic studies are emphasized.

Considering the importance of air transport relief in the current era and the shortage of professionals specializing in air transport and evacuation, training of skilled manpower is necessary and because training can be effective in the planning and Health system managers pay special attention to training in the field of air transport and evacuation needs.