نشریه مطالعات دفاعی استراتژیک
پیاپی 78 (زمستان 1398)

The Islamic Revolution of Iran was shaped by the widespread activities of the clergy after years of years, and the war that began less than 20 months after the revolution was a serious threat to it, with the Ba'ath military attack, the country's territorial integrity was compromised, all the various strata In the imposed war, they participated in the defense; theMaraje Ezam, scholars, clergymen and scholars of the howzeh with their presence on the fronts, along with other classes, including farmers, tribes, workers, employees, students, students and ... proudly They performed their religious duty toward Islam and Islamic Iran. They had a great deal of enthusiasm for acting on the battlefield right against false accolades and were present in various arenas. Just as during the holy defense, the clergy, for its intrinsic duty, was at the forefront of the arena of war, today it is also for defense From the values and aspirations of the Islamic Republic's holy system, it is at the forefront of the soft warfare and it performs a task, so the presence of the ulama and the Maraje Ezam of imitation in the battle line with the warriors proved that they are always in all the scenes and moments alongside the various strata of the people. And they will take it. The main purpose of this research is to explain the role of the Maraje Ezam and howzeh in the sacred defense and to use it in the possible future war with an emphasis on soft war. Its main question is that what the role of the Maraje Ezam and the constituencies in the sacred defense played and How to use it in the possible future war, especially the soft war of the enemy. This research, which is a applied-development type, has been carried out using a combination of specialized libraries, questionnaires and interviews with experts. Accordingly, in the context of the future war, it can be said that since that war has a lot of complexity, it benefits from highly advanced technology in all aspects of national power and most importantly in an asymmetric environment, relying on key competencies and superior superiority of the organization. The Islamic Revolution is imperative. Cordiality, faith, spirituality, insight, unconventional culture of Ashura and Mahdavi are among the most important factors that put Islamic warriors at a higher level against the enemy that relied on military technologies. In other words, the difference in power A dramatic military, with spirituality and martyrdom, is compensated. In the future, the ambiguous scene, the probability of a massive wave of destruction and destruction, surprise, and the speed of extraordinary action that leads to shock and shock, and as a result of hesitation, slackness, disappointment with the continuation of the struggle and fear of failure on the weaker front, is natural. Due to the fact that the Islamic Republic is on the front of God, it does not have a meaning to defeat, besides, the defense in Islam is divine. Therefore, despair, leanness and failure in his place in the hope of divine help and death are replaced by testimony, fauz Eternal, helplessness, and weakness, will give way to the power of continuity with the Almighty. That is why we believe that spirituality and reliance on God are the satisfaction of all the mental and intellectual ghosts and the power of decision-making and sustainability of the Islamic Front.

The Zone of Eastern North of the Country which has common borderline with Afghanistan and Turkmenistan countries is considered as a critical district from the aspects of geopolitical and defensive - security affairs, accordingly the supreme leader Imam Khamenei has emphasized preserving security and reinforcing military preparation of the Zone of Eastern North of the Country. Thus, despite the circumstance of the Zone of Eastern North of the Country, this region has not been attended sufficiently from the perspective of geopolitical and strategic studies and this deficiency could loses many opportunities and attracts many threats against the national profits in this area. Accordingly, the current study tries to investigate the Zone of Eastern North of the Country from the focal of economic as one of the most important geopolitics factors. The research aim is to identify the geopolitical economic factors affecting defensive strategies of Islamic Republic of Iran in this strategic zone of the country. This research is an applicable – developmental research which is accomplished by descriptive – analytical research method with a quantitative approach. To reach the research objective, through a questionnaire and applying whole-counting sampling method, the opinions of 60 military and governmental elites and geopolitical experts, especially geopolitics and defensive strategy in the level of army forces and the zone of eastern north of the country were utilized. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential analytical methods to provide the appropriate answers for the research questions. Ultimately, 27 geopolitical economic factors affecting defensive strategies of Islamic Republic of Iran in the eastern north zone of the country were identified and then were categorized into the quadruplet factors of strength, weakness, opportunity and threat (10 strength, 8 weakness, 3 opportunity and 6 threat factors). As the most important elicited factors, the railway of the Eastern North toward the south offshore, as a strength factor; being low value of the currency of the country in comparison with the neighbors and social – cultural abuse of that by foreigners in holly Mashhad city, as a weakness factor; existing common sources of petroleum and gas between Iran and Turkmenistan in Caspian sea, as an opportunity; and dependence of Afghanistan to the international financial aids for the country development, as a threat, can be mentioned.

Maintenance of security and overcoming insecurity is the most important concern of countries in the present era, because only through security can human beings progress. The most important ways to achieve security and stability to use negotiation and diplomacy as used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. But Along with diplomatic measures done by foreign policy system, Ministry of Defense can provide sustainable security through defense diplomacy. In this paper we ask the strategies of sustainable security through defense diplomacy are from Imam Khamenei's point of view. This research method is qualitative, research tool is questionnaire and the strategies were evaluated using the expert views. The result of  this study shows that the way to achieve sustainable security is through  defense diplomacy based on Imam Khamenei's Viewpoint through these strategies: Improving the security environment, confidence building in the military areas, fighting terrorism, expanding military cooperation with different countries, cooperation with regional and international institutions and increasing defense strength.

Empowering the process is to continuously improve the organization's performance by developing and extending the competence-based competency of individuals and groups. One of the most important sources and sources of youth empowerment is the views of the highest decision-making authorities in the country. in place. Iran, with its full command of power, has a certain intellectual system that familiarity with it can play a decisive role in the nature of the strategies for empowering the young generation of the armed forces. The main objective of this research is to achieve the "religious and cultural Empowerment's" strategies of the young generation of armed forces from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. This research is a applied-developmental. The statistical society has been selected theoretically and purposefully, and to achieve the results, the fundamental data method has been used by using the mixed technique (qualitative and quantitative methods). The result shows that the empowerment of the young generation of armed forces must necessarily take place within the framework of a systemic attitude (using all four mechanical, organic, project, and process approaches) and in accordance with the organizational and national conditions and ideals. With this in mind, the certainty of each of the approaches in the framework of the system approach is appropriate to the circumstances, subject, and organization of the target.

Orienting pillars are one of the main constituents for development of strategy. Meanwhile, this study seeks to design and develop the orienting pillars of passive defense in the national TV. Doing so, it determines the dimensions of orienting pillars of the passive defense for the national TV on desk and descriptive-analytical method and then sequences and validates them upon survey. In the same vein, it explores values, performance, principles and strategic purposes of the Islamic Revolution, media and passive defense and then recognizes the subject and dimensions of orienting pillars of passive defense and assesses them through questionnaire and interview. This study applies the test of statistical significance, mission, principle and value, mega purposes with orienting pillars of passive defense for the national TV in line with Pearson Correlation; to compare the advantage and significance of the parts for the orienting pillars of the national defense related to national TV, it applies Friedman Variance Analysis. The validity and reliability of questionnaire hit 0/91 upon acknowledgement by experts and 0/81 for the fundamental principles and values of the passive defense for the national TV. In the end, besides confirming the correlation test of orienting pillars of the passive defense for national TV, statement of vision and mission, tetra-pronged values, 14-pronged principles, macro 12-pronged purposes and 16-pronged operational purposes are defined and developed for the passive defense of national TV.

Success in the war as a complex and important phenomenon for a society that is facing very important. Equipment, energy efficient, accurate defensive tactics and having the desire to win the success factors of important victory in a war. Islamic Republic of Iran with regard to culture and strong moral and religious teachings have always tried to make efficient use of this important factor the islamic republic of iran has always tried to make efficient use of this important factor with respect to culture and religious culture and strong morality , so considering the experience gained from eight years of sacred defense , the islamic republic of iran is attracted to the recruitment and use of faithful and committed forces high motivated military forces, including the army of the Islamic Republic of Iran (army) has made. Considering the experience obtained from eight years of sacred defense and use of force to attract the faithful and committed and motivated high military forces, including the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Army) has made The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of religious values ​​and moral principles of the sacred defense war and future wars is ArmyThis applied research has been done with the use of methods and fields, and field data collection using the library to do as well as descriptive and analytical method was used for data analysis Results of statistical analysis and regression analysis shows that the proposed hypothesis that the influence of religious values ​​and moral principles of the sacred defense war and future wars have been accepted.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and place of economic growth in the resistive economy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, descriptive-analytic research method was used. In the qualitative part of the information, interviews with experts and experts were selected using the method of theoretical sampling and snowball technique to theoretical saturation. For collecting quantitative information, a statistical society was comprised of experts, thinkers and experts. . Regarding the existence of different classes in the statistical society and the differences between the groups from the structural and functional point of view, a random-class random sampling method was used to determine the sample size of the data. The number of samples required was 78 questionnaires. For reliability of Cronbach's questionnaire, its value was 0.87. The findings of this study indicate that the economic growth damages including unfavorable business conditions, technical and technological retardation of production, lack of mobility and production competitiveness, lack of econometric knowledge structure, inefficiency of production factors, unfavorable market conditions and private sector And the government and the public sector, and the disadvantages of monetary and financial markets. Finally, dimensions, components and indicators of growth of the resistance economy were extracted.

Justice and its various aspects, especially in case of economic, have been very much considered in the Islamic religion. In the holy system of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the outset, justice have been included in the important goals of the revolution and the justice has always been emphasized among other affairs. In spite of the constant efforts of the authorities in recent years, the adversaries of the revolution have created economic challenges for the country in the field of justice. Due to the importance of this issue, the challenges are becoming a threat to national security. In this regard, the absence of a codified model that could overcome the challenges of this category, by utilizing economic justice capacities and lead to the achievement of the goals set, has led to the emergence of these hazards. In this research, by using a combination method with the application of qualitative methods, case-base and data-base theory and conducting interviews with experts, a set of damages, challenges, capacities and components of the justice system of the Islamic Republic of Iran were extracted, and finally, a model for the country's economic justice has been presented.

The main purpose of this research is to explain the sphere of influence, studying and studying the effects of satellites in families and ways to deal with it. The method used in research based on the purpose of exploratory research and in terms of data type, is a qualitative research. This article is descriptive and has been added to the sample data with the help of a qualitative analysis method. Media performs and performs important functions for mental imagery. Today, the ever-increasing influx of satellite and cinematic films, which are the result of the emergence of advanced technology and communications, have laid the foundations for the beliefs and ethics of rich cultures. The media are trying to shape their mental image to others as they wish. Even if they are not in the real world. In fact, they are directing and directing the public's thoughts to the point of view with a mental image. It can be said that the ultimate goal is the media threats, the formation of the environment and the threat of the family institution of the Islamic religion, and in the meantime, more than all Islamic societies, the isolation of the "Islamic Republic of Iran" is in their agenda. Despite the laws and regulations adopted on the prohibition of the use of satellite in Iran and the explicit opposition to immitations by its unusual use, in this study, the statistics taken from the unusual use of advanced technology, supported by Western media empowerment, And most of them are alarming to cover and receive satellite programs. In the study after the conclusion, proposals have been made to address the threats posed by satellite use.

From the view of the strategic document of passive defence organization, infrastructure protection is set of measures according that strengthen infrastructure protection against enemy planned by taking preventive measures, neutralizing, mitigating effects of the invasion, timely emergency response and rapid recovery of production and services as soon as possible after enemy invasion. (passive defence organization,92) in this field, this article tries to solve the problems of the implementation process and reaffirmed features such as holistic, invulnerability, Response, fast recovery, experimentation, protection in layers and multiple domains, having a process codified and ultimately coordinating actions in the conservation of modern infrastructure plans. Additionally, in order to achieve higher protective productivity, flexible infrastructure architecture as one of the required conservation process of the country's infrastructure, has been explained. Finally, an overview of the network infrastructure protection model, including tables, forms and processes exhibited by using the appropriate questionnaire, has been exposed to expert judgment. Statistical analysis of survey data including evaluate the correlation between the variables in the theory and path analysis, emphasis on confirmed model by experts. While, strategic council construct necessity did not achieve acceptable weight factor from the experts

Studies have shown that several factors can help organizations increase or decrease in employee job satisfaction. The investigation regarding the purpose and terms of descriptive - survey population was 142 in this study, job satisfaction questionnaires used in JDI questionnaire which its validity and reliability have been confirmed. Pearson's test and t-test results confirm the generalization of secondary and minor creature of the study, with two real conditions survey and network analysis for ideal conditions were obtained and were compared (Figure 3). The main factors of satisfaction in these organizations include: colleagues, occupation and nature of work, managers and supervisors, facilities and working conditions, career paths and promotion, character, culture and organizational climate and benefits. Evaluation results show that the level of satisfaction of employees is discussed. However, senior management should raise the salaries and benefits in order to increase customer satisfaction and improve the management and supervision as the first factor as second attempt.

One of the basic fundamental for progress and development of each country in local and even national section is having assigned native frame work . In our country too , the design of pattern strategic is considered as vital subject for decision , planning and investment policy in field of the progress of civil affairs because many plans have been shaped in the cities which it can not be successful due to the lack of a proper strategy . so in this research it is tried to design a strategic model in relation to progress of the civil affairs based on the discourse of the Imam and leadership ,the constitution of the Islamic Republic of the Iran and explotation from successful experiences of human , until it can to present real and exact created picture of issues , treats and strategic opportunities in this area and help decision makers to provide more beneficial policies  and effective strategies in progressing civil affairs for the country and eventually the Islamic world .    The present study is developmental practical model and the procedures of gathering data are in farms of library and fields . As well as using an analysis of quantitive and  qualitive and conbination them in getting to government system and in the following use from different analysis methods including content analysis in commands and the methods of discourse  analysis in votes and thoughts of Imam Khomeini and Imam Khamenei and the case method for ussigning experiences .    In this research , after analysis on thoughts votes and ideas of Imam Khomeini and Imam , Khamenei , triple strategies axes (doctrine , targets and policies ) and the result of reviews experiences , in the Islamic Republic in the field off civil affairs progress in six axis (planning , organization , guidance , coordination , implementation and execution monitoring control and evolution ) extract and for each of them some indexes was proposed . and in direction of public opinion poll this matter reach in experts opinion to assign proper in directors and finally strategic, conceptual model in direction of progress civil affairs was proposed which in addition of having a specific and fix elements , it can be more complete during the time with the needs of the time and the necessity of each step.

The present study by the subject of the role of experience in managerial knowledge making in the Imam Ali's life style with the purpose of expressing the views and managerial method of Imam Ali insight for managers has been done. This research method is analytical, descriptive and by using library method to collect and gather information it is done. Thesample population are all hadiths and maxims that Imam Ali told while his government regarding experience the results show that according to Imam Ali that events and occurrences in the past are a clear interpretation of some Quranic concepts like: Taking example, stories, Islamic tradition and the term of (Taking example), being the frequent style of Quran’s historical credits and references, has been repeated in NahjolAlbalaghe lots of time and this emphasis has been emphasized in Muslims works in a manner that later history was called, experiences of nations. According to Imam Ali’s words the philosophy of post events and taking experience of them causding success and victory. Since these events are the source of abundant insight and experiences for the future generations in which by studying them one can identify the causes of failures or success, respect the future with them and choose the best way of life. In the Imam Ali’s government life style having experience is the essential condition in controlling some issues like responsibility assignment, consultation, decision making and etc. Emphasis on recording, transforming and documentary the experiences by the purpose of others use of that. In Imam Ali’s government life style is of high significance.

Horizon Scanning always trying to identify emerging issue changes and key trends that can challenge past assumptions and provide new perspectives on future threats and opportunities.  The purpose of the research is to identify the requirements for Horizon Scanning based of the Supreme Command of the army force statements. The method used in this research is based on the thematic analysis approach. Themes presented based on high-level leadership statements well-deserved to see the description. Based on this template, 40 basic themes, 10 organizing themes and 6 global themes were used to explain the perspective. Therefore, information, strategic, managerial, belief, and social needs are necessary in addition to insight for Horizon Scanning.  Information requirements imply recognition of the enemy in all directions and angles, strategic requirements for alertness, methodology, and having a rational look.  Social requirements indicate that the situation is in the basin, the sense of responsibility of the authorities and people, the focus and attention and the requirements for believing in sincerity, respect, and communication with God for the use of God's help.  The managerial requirements of readiness, the commitment of the authorities, having the plan and the purpose to deal with the enemy and timely action are essential for necessity, and ultimately introduces the insight into matters for success in introducing as a pillar.