مجله پژوهش های تفسیر تطبیقی
پیاپی 10 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

Received: 25/06/2019   |   Accepted: 30/08/2019
The 257th verse of Surah al-Baqarah is one of controversial verses in the Quran which mentions “bringing Mu’minin (believers) out from darkness into the light” and “taking Kafirin (disbelievers) out of the light into darkness”. The main objective of this study is to explain what it means by darkness of Mu’min and the light of Kafir. Most of commentators have explained the extensions of darkness and light so in this research, their ideas are collected and critically analyzed in six chapters. “Bringing the believers out from darkness into the light” by God confirms an important divine tradition, that is to say guidance and blessing for the believers through their way to salvation. “Darkness of a believer” connotes veils which are created between human and God as a result of ignorance and sin. Considering multiple stages for darkness and light, there are also some special veils for the prophets and saints relevant to their own states. “Taking the disbelievers out of the light into darkness” by the demon connotes the deviation by the Devil, and in this regard, the light of Kafir refers to the innate disposition to Towhid (monotheism) which exists in the nature of all human beings.

Received: 02/05/2019   |   Accepted: 30/08/2019 Within the recent era, interreligious comparative research studies have been conducted mostly by the Shi’ites with the purpose of critical analysis of Sunni and Shi’ite perspectives. In this regard, this study aims to analyze the 26th verse of Surah an-Nur, about which there are different views by Sunni and Shi’ite commentators, as well as exegetical narratives by Ahl al-Bayt, companions and followers of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). On the one hand, the ideas of Sahabah and followers of the Prophet, and on the other hand, the narratives of Ahl al-Bayt are reported in this article. Afterwards, Shi’ite and Sunni commentators’ views are compared. The results of this comparative analysis showed that the Sunni and Shi’ite interpreters have represented two different perceptions in this regard: Most of Sunni commentators hold that the term “Khabithat” refers to “evil words” whereas most of Shi’ite commentators believe that means “impious women”. There were some drawbacks in the interoperation of both denominations, and after discussion, the Shi’ite perceptions revealed to be more authentic. Furthermore, it was attempted to represent another interpretation which is more compatible with the Qur’anic approach.

Received: 07/04/2019   |   Accepted: 02/09/2019
In various verses of the Qur’an, the term rain has been used when describing Godly qualities, biography of different ethnic groups, the divine blessings and so on. The phrase “min as-Sama” in the Qur’an can likely refer to the source of rainwater, and a review of some exegeses displays the same thing. Disagreement among the commentators and the citation of different evidences in this regard necessitates analysis of the likely causes. Considering the ideas of the commentators, it can be concluded that there are two viewpoints on the source of rainwater: One view relates rain to a heavenly source, and another considers that as a result of surface water and its vaporization. The distinction between the two above viewpoints can be attributed to the role of definite experimental science as a significant evidence in the perception of some interpreters. With regard to the exegeses reviewed in this study, it is revealed that reliance on just the literal meaning of Qur’anic verses is not a valid evidence to prove the heavenly source of rainwater. Furthermore, some narratives display an image of clouds which denote rainfall comes from upper clouds although this point might be considered as a metaphor and allegory.

Received: 25/02/2019   |   Accepted: 24/05/2019 The legislative authority of Prophet Muhammad is acknowledged in Shi’ism but there is not consensus on this issue among Sunni scholars. This study seeks to explain the authority of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in legislating the heavenly commands based on “the theory of divine permission and guardianship of Prophet Muhammad in legislating rules relying on the Qur’anic verses and Sunni and Shi’ite viewpoints”. In the outset, theoretical literature and basic principles were reviewed and then the main theory was explained. Moreover, using the verses of the Noble Qur’an and Sunni and Shi’ite perspectives, the references for the theory were presented, and by the review analysis of relative verses and perceptions, the hypothesis of the study was defended. The theory in this research states that God has given permission to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and has bestowed him authority to Shari’ah (religion) so that he can infer the required rules for society within the framework of Islam and in accordance with time requirements. The above theory has major differences from the theories of “Ijthad an-Nabi” and “Tafwiz Amr ad-Din ila an-Nabi”. Using qualitative, analytical, descriptive, and referential methods, this article concluded that the authority of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in legislation of the divine commands is as extensive as his prophetic mission, thereby it includes various domains. Legislation of Ahkam is basically within the authority of God and no one else has the same right as it is stated for WiIayat (guardianship) and Shifa’at (intercession). However, God Almighty has given permission within a specified framework to the Prophet to have authority in legislation so that he can modify some Ahkam according to likely expediencies. This authority is exclusively given to the Prophet by the permission of God.

In order to deal with some of the crimes, Islam considers some ways which one of them is the establishment of the criminal laws. These laws including several stages to be approveed, are based on the education of individuals and the community. To legislate the law, it is needed some different process; for instance, the passing of the preparatory stages. Then, it is time to execute Islamic punishment enjoying its own ethical requirements. The current paper tries to present an appropriate role model in legislation system through analysis of Islamic methodology in the introduction of and howness of educational and legislative process. It also tries to explain ethical requirements that are needed in executing prescribed punishments. The results can be categorized into two stages: the first, in the level of legislation; the second in the level of execution. The first stage includes four principals, e.g. the rule of the prevention, treatment, gradual training and giving information to the man. The second level possesses the principle of education, paying attention to the culprit’s rights and conditions of forgiveness in Islam during.

The Holy Quran, as a miraculous miracle, has spoken in various surahs of the movement of the sun. Experimental science has also studied the motion of the sun. The question is, in terms of Quran commentators, what motions are spoken? How are the definitive findings of empirical science with the views of the commentators? The apparent difference between some verses such as Bakhtar / 258 and .. How is Saghar correct with the definitive findings of experimental science?The hypothesis of this research is not only the correspondence of the definitive findings of science, but also the scientific miracle and scientific spectacle of the Qur'an in some way of the movement of the sun.The research methodology is the data collection method and the library study and analysis of the content of the data.In this research, it was determined that the sum of verses related to the motion of the sun is divided into two categories. In the descriptive verses, the aspect of the scientific miracle of verses, such as: the moving of the Sun (Imari Lajel Masami), the wise state of movement (al-Shams and al-Qamar al-Fayl-i-Bashoon), the transitional-longitudinal movement (al-Shams-e Tazari, Lhashtar Lah, Dhlqqat al-'Aziz al-Alim) There is a long-range movement along with the galaxy (and al-Shams and al-Qamar al-Fayl-i-Bilak). The second verses of the second category have apparent inconsistencies with the definitive findings of empirical science, but with regard to the cornea of the authority, the industry of controversy and its conditions, there is no conflict between expression and empirical findings.

The Qur'an's " Title Holder" verses are said to have been given a certain name. Among the “Title Holder" Verses," Cairns Verse" or ” Ahbar “ are significant economic verses. In this verse, cairns have provided a variety of interpretations that can sometimes be incompatible. Various perceptions of this verse have led the paper to compile a variety of views and comments by using a descriptive-analytical method and expose them to an evaluation of the principles and rules of interpretation, to identify the weaknesses and the strengths of the various perspectives can be found and present its own point of view. Among them, the first view based on the validity of the wealth accumulation in the form of paying zakat for various reasons is declined. And the second view, based on the lack of validity of the accumulation of wealth, is correct- but inaccurate, the view that does not answer all the current economic issues. However, the third view is the lack of validity of the get out of wealth from the financial community's turnover presenting as the most complete and precise view that covers several current economic deal and responds to the ambiguities and economical problems of nowadays society.

AbstractThe rational-social approach to the interpretation of the Quran, in the last two decades, has emerged in the wake of the emerging challenges of the Muslim community in the era of recession with modern Western civilization. Social commentary is an interpretive interpretation of the functionalist approach and with the ideal of processing the mighty face of Islam to advance society everywhere and everywhere. The confrontation with the modern-day Western civilization from the prominent features of the emergence of social interpretation is a worthy place in the attitude of the social commentator to make an effective and effective face of Islamic consciousness. This approach has reflected in the interpretation of al-Marwārba a feature of the social interpretation of Valmizan as one of the most significant of these interpretive tendencies.Al-Manar's commentator, in order to represent the wise and profane face of Islam in coordinating the Qur'anic teachings with Western civilization, tries hardly to rely on his own wisdom and the material conceptions of supernatural truths, and to adapt certain Islamic laws to the norms of the western world of advancement from his compatriots. Take it. But al-Mizan, having benefited from pure wisdom, has transcended religious knowledge from the realm of its own wisdom. In his social approach, he also considers the origins of the present-day Western civilization to be incomprehensible with the monotheistic foundation of Islam; he also addresses the challenges of Islamic rulings against the defensive and reactionary base of Al-Manar as the fundamental achievements of the thinking of Western civilization. Ultimately, al-Mizan is more successful in treating the great, efficient, and dynamic face of Islam against the modern Western civilization in measuring Al-Mana

Condition and clause in The third verse of Sura Nesa Many discussions are taking place about condition and clause Which is available in the third verse of Sura Nesa. Sentence: "if you fear that orphans do not justice" and sentence: "the women who like marry", What communication with each other? There are six theories about it. These theories are as follows: 1.Marry other women in justice with orphan girl. 2.Marrying orphan girls cause justice to them. 3.Marriage is limited to justice orphans. 4.Do justice among women as orphans. 5.Virtue like justice orphans in necessary. 6.For justice orphans, marry their mother. And some commentators have also believes that if communication between the two is not. After investigation, it is obvious the sixth theory is better and superior. And the relationship between the two sentences in the third verse of Sura Nesa: "If you fear that orphans do not justice" and "So marry women who liked it" is that for justice orphans, marry their mother.

One of the most fundamental issues related to the interpretation of the Qur'an is the study of the role of traditions in the interpretation. Commentators have adopted different views on the method of interpretation of the Qur'an regarding the extent to which the traditions have been used. In the unnecessary view of the Qur'anic interpretation of the hadiths, although it is permissible to use the traditions contrary to the Quranic perspective, it is not necessary; But in the view of accompanying the Qur'an and hadith in the interpretation, it is necessary to use the traditions And, contrary to the tradition of hadith, it is necessary to utilize all authentic sources such as the Qur'an, hadith and reason to obtain a correct interpretation of the Qur'an. In this article a comparative and analytical approach, using verses and narratives, is proved that The Qur'an and Hadith Companion View in Interpretation prefers the Qur'anic interpretation of hadiths and is more consistent with the verses and traditions, Because, according to some verses and traditions, the interpretation and interpretation of the Qur'an has been entrusted to the infallibles, and the use of authentic narrations is essential to arrive at a correct interpretation of the Qur'an.

The Holy Qur'an has encoded the meaning of verse 89 in "Surah Nahl", "Tibiana Sacrifice as “Expressing all entities." This Divine Word is known with dozens of names among Muslims. One of these distinctive Persian names indicates the distinction between the right and false declarations and expresses all the judicial, religious, personal and social laws. Sometimes, the Landlord pronounced sentences such as inheritance, limit, defense, war, divine tax, khums, marriage, etc. Researchers of every field have an interest in diving in this immensely immutable ocean of natural science. Many Qur'an scholars have conducted on these kinds of interdisciplinary studied. In this research, the authors have introduced the theory of the Searles' (1969) five types (proclaimed speech acts) in Surahs and the verses related to the holy prophet's (PBUH) wars. The required data were collected through using a library method. Various sources, including the history of Islam, the history of the life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), the head of the Imam, and the translations and interpretations of the Holy Qur'an were appealed for more exploration. The collected data analyzed descriptively. The results of the study indicate that the application of different declarations with different frequencies was used for direct and indirect proposals on the war laws in the Holy Qur'an. Keywords: civic surahs, speech act theory, declarative, Ghazvat, jihad for defense

The idea of Biblical falsification is so widespread among Muslim scholars that it seems believable that once it had not been at existence at all. This paper aims to survey the history of the genesis and development of this idea in the Shi'ite and Sunnite exegeses by using the research method of "history of ideas". This survey shows that this idea has had two different stories in two traditions, but in both of them it has reached a common point simultaneously. The overall image of this path may be explained by the pattern of "silence-murmur-new paradigm", though the details -- including the history of genesis of each level, the reason of transmission from a level to the next, and even the number of levels -- differ in each tradition. This paper tries to compare these two different paths of historical development of the idea depict a detailed image of the story.