مجله مطالعات آسیای جنوب غربی
پیاپی 6 (تابستان 1398)

During the Soviet Union, the central government monopolized all cultural activity throughout this vast empire. This caused the empire's satellites to diverge from their ancient civilization and identity, so that, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the newly independent countries in the region experienced a wandering identity crisis. The existing vacuum provided the basis for Iranian role-playing. So far, however, Iran has not had a constructive role in filling this identity gap. This article attempts to investigate the factors that have contributed to the lack of an active and constructive role played by the Islamic Republic of Iran in this region. It seems that the two most important obstacles in this regard are the nature of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the competitive presence of large regional and trans-regional powers.

The collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the bipolar system provided an opportunity for regional and international actors to play an important and influential role in achieving their goals. Meanwhile, Iran's particular geopolitical position in the region, along with ancient and longstanding cultural interests, provided favorable conditions for Iran's regional role to play, which not only did not take advantage of this unique historical opportunity, but also adopted inappropriate policies. Gives the opportunity to other regional competitors. Among the Persian-speaking countries, given the potential economic, social, cultural and political potentials, Iran can play a significant and important role in regional integration and unity. This article attempts to determine what are the requirements and requirements for revising Iran's relations with Persian-speaking countries and what approach, positions and functions should Iran take in this regard? The research hypothesis is that due to the cultural-identity shares of the Persian-speaking countries, especially Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan, and the need for regional integration, Iran has the capabilities and capabilities to increase its influence and play a key role in the region. Also, in the present article, while exploring the status of regional convergence from the perspective of constructivism and in pursuit of the goals of the Persian-speaking regional convergence, the need for greater attention and greater utilization of Iran's cultural-identity capacities (especially the common linguistic element) is emphasized. Iran's relations with the Persian-speaking area will be examined and the key role, contribution, and responsibility of Iran will be examined.

Shortly before the collapse of the bipolar system, the cooperation of former Soviet officials with Iran led to a major upheaval in the border regions of the two countries. As a result of this cooperation, on 26/11/1368, on 15 February 1990, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between Iran and the Soviet Union that coincided with the timing of its implementation with the establishment of independent republics across Iran's northern borders. According to the terms of this Memorandum of Understanding, facilities were provided for the transit of border residents, including that they could travel four times up to a 45-kilometer radius each year, subject to a border crossing permit. This study examines the subjective course of the border crossing permit scheme and points to some of its features, especially in relation to the Republic of Turkmenistan - one of the countries that gained its independence with the collapse of the Soviet Union. The result of the research showed that as the Memorandum of Understanding on the border crossing plan between Iran and the Soviet Union was concluded, but in practice, it was the Republic of Turkmenistan that favored Iran, so there was a great deal of change in this regard. On the other hand, the implementation of the plan had a great impact on the relations between Iran and Turkmenistan. The first consequence was the facilitation of the movement of border residents and the provision of contacts between the borderline nationals of the two countries.

The collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s as one of the most important geopolitical developments of the twentieth century created a geopolitical vacuum in the region. The formation of five new governments in Central Asia created new opportunities and opportunities for economic, political and cultural cooperation between these republics and other regional and trans-regional countries. The situation brought two groups of countries to their notice: the first group included countries in the region such as Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and the other a group of trans-regional powers such as the United States of America and EU member states. Each of these countries, working in a variety of economic, cultural and political fields, endeavored to use the status quo to the best of their ability to expand their influence in the region. Meanwhile, Iran and Turkey, as two regional powers, began their efforts to expand political, economic, cultural relations with the countries of the region immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The appearance shows that Iran had more influence in the Central Asian region since the independence of these republics, but as time has passed and Turkey's presence has grown, Iran's role has diminished. This paper seeks to examine the extent of the economic role of Iran and Turkey in the Central Asian region and tries to compare the economic activities of Iran and Turkey in the Central Asian region with a descriptive-analytical and documentary approach.

The world will face increasing difficulty in accessing water resources in the present and future centuries as rapid economic developments and urban life growth. The importance of water in different aspects of human life in the future, and consequently its decisive role in the relations between countries, is to the extent that experts believe that in the next 50 years, water cartels will replace oil cartels. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Central Asia has been the focus of global and regional powers for many reasons, such as oil and gas resources, and various countries have taken advantage of various tools to try to infiltrate the region. Due to its location and distance from moisture sources and lack of penetration of high energy rainfalls, this region receives low rainfall and altitude factor plays a major role in causing urographic rainfall in this area. A look at the topographical features of the region shows that Tajikistan, with mountains over 7,000 meters high, is the source of the region's water and is the source of many large and small rivers flowing out of it and flowing into neighboring countries. The research method of this paper is analytical-descriptive and its findings show that due to Tajikistan's hydropolytic capabilities and its irreplaceable role in the region, Iran can thwart part of its competitors efforts by strengthening its presence in Tajikistan's water projects. Regional and trans-regional use this as an opportunity to advance their geopolitical interests to expand their sphere of influence in the Central Asian region.

The vacuum created after the collapse of the bipolar system made Afghanistan a stronghold of regional powers and its neighbors. Afghanistan was forgotten by the West and the Soviet Union was involved in the consequences of the collapse of the Eastern bloc and the independence of the remaining republics. The continuation of the civil wars between the Afghan mujahideen in the context of internal disputes and foreign interference and the absence of a powerful and inclusive government provided a favorable ground for the presence of a third force called the fundamentalist Taliban and then their ideological-military supporters, the al-Qaeda terrorist organization in Afghanistan. Indeed, in the post-Cold War period, Afghanistan was considered the most important geographical believer in terrorism. The West, on the other hand, is pursuing its strategic goals in the region with the help of geoterrorism. The formation of the geography of terrorism in Afghanistan has allowed the West to use its continued presence in the region to control and control its opposing states in the region. It has created serious security implications for Iran, as one of its neighbors with conflicting interests with the West. This article will examine how the geography of terrorism is shaped by the "post-Cold War geopolitical transition" and its security implications for Iran.