نشریه مهندسی جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 3 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

Population invasion of cities, is due to population growth and immigration from villages to big cities. Population growth means the increase in human need that usually is not coordinated with presented services. This issue occurs a lot of problem; Inequality in accesing urban services, the increase of traffic, air pollution and noise pollution are the examples. Educational centers are one of the most important services in cities. Lack of educational spaces in the cities has increased problem and inapproprate positioning of educational centers, has affected people’s convenience. This paper based on descriptive-analytical study and using library and field studies, attempts to evaluate Positioning of girls highscool in Raht city. In this research nine following data layers have been used in order to evaluate location of high schools in Rasht city; involving distance from main communicational roads, proximity to urban green space, proximity to residential centers, proximity to cultural centers, proximity to religious places, proximity to official centers, proximity to sport centers and proximity to therapeutic centers. Therefore, geographic information system is necessary for a great deal of information analysis. Also, geographic information system(GIS) have a high efficiency in the field of evaluation and locating of high schools.The results seem to show that two(18/18%) high schools are located in quite appropriate areas. Four(45/45) high schools are located in appropriate areas, four(36/36) high schools are located in inappropriate areas and finally one(9/09) high school is located in quiet inappropriate areas. The results are presented as geographic information system (GIS) plans using 1/30000 scaling.

One of the significant factors in demolishing the rural habitations in Iran is environmental risks like earthquakes, droughts and floods. It seems that the main cause of aggravation of such crises in recent decades is the exogenous approaches and the concentrated projects and the lack of attention to the endogenous, non-centered, local, participatory approaches, and the lack of attention to the knowledge and experiences of the natives and their contributions to the prophylaxis, the preparation, and reactions to the environmental risks and managing the crises. In this regard, the villages belonging to Jiroft in particular the central part of this city have faced some risks like floods and drought sin recent decades; thus, it is prone to more damages. Methodologically speaking, this research is descriptive-analytical. The subjects of the study consist of the all villagers of the central part of Jiroft. Twelve villages and 261 head households were chosen randomly, the population of the study was calculated running Cochran formula. The data achieved through survey studies were analyzed via SPSS. The results revealed that the risks of droughts and floods were the main environmental risks in this study, and it highly decreased the level of susceptibility of the villages.The level of Indigenous knowledge and of its effectiveness in the scope of this study was higher than average (3). And also there was significant association with age and the level of indigeonous knowledg but there was no association with gender and the type of their occupation.

Ecotourism is a sustainable form of tourism, so that today it is recognized as one of the criteria for major development. And two-way interaction between ecotourism and sustainable development there, So that the country can say as much greater degree of development, as well as the greater number of ecotourism as well. Research methods in applied research and analytical approach to governing, Spatial analysis software ARC / GIS10 and AHP to determine the weight of each factor in the model is applied. In this study, the 7 factors including slope, slope aspect, vegetation, land use, soil, temperature and distance from protected areas in GIS to locate the optimal operation of ecotourism is prone areas. The results show that %5/16 of the least important priority, medium priority, with 9/14 per cent, with %32/67 of high priority, high priority by %33/25 and by %19/76 of the area's exceptionally strong preference allocated. And strong exceedingly important to be allocated.

One of the most important and effective dimensions of human security, food security is access. There is a need for food including human physiological needs of human existence-threatening. This requirement will continue until the person is alive. Among the factors contributing to food security, food security is a necessary prerequisite for the realization. The present study analyzes the economic factors affecting the food security of rural households have been investigated. The research and application of analytical methods is of the essence. Zanjan Township in 1390, the rural population has 97,225 people, 26,429 households, 13 rural and 248 are inhabited. 54 rural and 290 households using a modified formula Cochrane was selected as the sample size. An archive and field data collection (questionnaire) for data analysis, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (regression) and to calculate the amount of food security and food insecurity scale method is used. he results show that only 33.5 percent of households with food security and Geographic factors, housing size, housing quality, the garden area, the amount of land irrigated, rained land rates, savings rates, the price of the vehicle, the number of small animal, large animal numbers, guardianship, access to credit, many go to town and buy food from the center of the food security of rural households is effective.

Therefore, this research has been designed with the aim of analyzing the effects of urban sprawl on instability of rural settlements in the city of Rezvanshahr. This research is an applied and descriptive analytical method. In this research, the statistical population is rural settlements of Rezvanshahr. In this study, urban sprawl in rural settlements was analyzed by using remote sensing data. For data analysis, the support vector machine algorithm and GIS were used. The results showed that, firstly, agricultural land use in the period of 17 years in the city of Rezvanshah decreased, wise versa manmade land uses are increased. So that the amount of agricultural land use decreased from (10766ha) in 2000 to the (9832ha) in 2017. Also, the results of analysis of satellite images showed that till 2000 the city of Rezvanshahr did not have spatial development towards rural areas and since 2007, the physical development of the city has begun, and in 2017, two large villages of Kordjan and Punel are located on both sides of the city's spatial boundaries. This situation weakens the economy of the rural areas and expands the village to urban migration and, in the long run, causes instability of rural settlements. Therefore, given the current state of affairs, specialists and managers should focus their policies on land consolidation in the agricultural region.

Abstract introduction Today Cities need to green spaces for the health and improvement of citizens sense of place. Since the streets and sidewalks are the most important public spaces in the cities, so selection of the best plant species is necessary for beautification of streets. Theoretical bases Zahedan, according to a warm and dry climate, requires to species adapted to this type of climate. To achieve this goal, eleven-fold indicators for the appropriate choice of parameters, was used. The purpose of this paper is selection of more suitable plant species for zahedan sidewalks and the other public spaces. Methodology Research method is descriptive- analytical and applied type. To rank the alternatives and select the most suitable plant species were used Topsis model. Results and Discussion The results show that the species consist of Mesquite, Aspic and Eucalyptus in order with the weights of 0/714, 0/688 and 0/649 are the most favorable and species consist of Hawthorn, Lotos and Sea-buckthorn in order with the weights of 0/254, 0/387 and 0/378 have earned the least favorable according to eleven-fold indicators. Conclusion So the proposal is utilization and usage plant species consist of Mesquite, Aspic and pine in cultivation and designing of tress and plant species in Zahedan streets for beautification of urban environment.

The city of Zanjan due to the geographic location on the Alp – Himalayan earthquake belt and location of this city on several active faults such as Avaj, Soltaniyeh, Tabriz and Hasanabad faults, reveal the need of research on vulnerability to earthquake in this city. Zanajn is a city with an unsafe natural location and it location on the earthquake belt threaten the old fabric of city, then reveal the need of vulnerability study in this district. With attention to the importance of evaluating the vulnerability of city against earthquake, in this research it has tired to by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, a proper estimate to be estimated for the old fabric of Zanjan city vulnerability against earthquake by using the physical feature and behavioral element and determining the effect of each applied criteria in the rate of vulnerability. The result of this research show that 1.67 percent of Zanajn's old fabric have extreme vulnerability, 7.9 percent have high vulnerability, 15.1 have moderate vulnerability, 16.22 percent have low vulnerability and finally 59.04 percent have a too low vulnerability to earthquake.

Today, many development planners and policy makers consider tourism as the main pillar of sustainable development. In the present study, the feasibility and planning of tourism strategies in the city of Maku have been addressed. The research is applied in terms of its purpose and based on the descriptive-analytical nature. Data collection is based on library-documentary and surveying studies and with the correlation of points Strength (S), Weakness (W), Opportunities (O), and Threats (T) Tourism within the scope of the study was developed using the SWOT analytical tool, which totaled 38 indicators (strength 11, opportunity 10, failure 8, and threats 9 factors) to provide Strategies and strategies for developing this industry have been addressed,The population of the study was 383 people based on Cochran's formula. Results based on the SWOT model indicate that the weaknesses are superior to the strengths and the threats to the opportunities have the highest score; therefore, the tourism situation in the city of Maku is undesirable, and tourism in terms of strategic position and in the matrix of internal and external evaluation (EFE- IFE is a defensive strategy (WT). Among the factors proposed for Swat strategy, factors such as S3, W1, O1, T7 have the highest score. Therefore, the economic, social, and environmental concerns in the region remain It is a major challenge in sustainable tourism development. So, it can be said that achieving successful and sustainable tourism in the city of Maku requires three main pillars (government, NGO and people's participation

This study aimed to determine the causes and frequency of burns injuries in different parts of Rasht to perform spatial analysis of these accidents in the last five years. The results demonstrated that in the last five years in Rasht, 697 people have affected by burns form a variety of causes, of which 65.99% by scalding from hot, boiling liquids, 9.32% by fires, 8.89% by gas explosion or leaking gas, 6.59% by touching hot objects, 2.29% by acids, 2.15% by electrical burns, 0/57% of chemical burns and 0.71% explosion burns, 0.86% by water of car's radiator, 0.28% by radiation burn and also 2.29% had burned by other cases. Most scene of the accident of these burn injuries occur at home that covers 92.39%, and respectively, 1.6% in commercial centers, 2% in roads and crossings, 1.72% in workshops and factories and 2.29% had occurred in other places.Key Words: Spatial Analysis, Burn Injuries, Causes and Contributing Factors, Rasht