مجله طب دریا
پیاپی 2 (تابستان 1398)

Food poisoning caused by eating seafood is considered as an important and potential danger to human health and directly and indirectly threats the health and life of individuals. This becomes even more important when we know that about 48% of the world's population lives within 15 kilometers of the beaches, and more than 79% of the world uses seafood (fresh to canned) and fish and other seafood in their food basket. Apart from poisonings from canned foods, fish or other seafood such as clams, shrimp and crabs can be potentially toxic sources that could seriously threat one's health and life. Therefore, for physicians who are related to marine medicine or are practicing near the sea, identifying toxic species, ways to diagnose seafood poisoning, and familiarity with relief and treatment strategies are essential.The Persian Gulf, as a hydrothermal marine region, is home to a variety of fish species, including edible and non-edible crustaceans. Sometimes this variety is difficult to recognize even for the native inhabitants of the Persian Gulf. How many travelers and tourists come to these beaches and generally catch and eat the fish without knowing the toxicity or non-toxicity that may result in severe gastrointestinal injury, even coma and death. This study provides a prognosis and training based on the introduction of toxic Gulf species that are morphologically close to the edible species.

Frequent and repeated hits from fast vessels to passengers can adversely affect the musculoskeletal system and eventually cause acute and chronic lesions. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its related factors in the staff of navy fast vessels.

In this cross-sectional study, the statistical population consisted of 100 employees working on high speed vessels. Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaires were completed for all of them and all were examined by a physician for musculoskeletal status. For those who needed additional diagnostic examinations, they were evaluated by imaging techniques (radiology, CT scans, MRIs) and nerve graphs.

The mean age of 100 employees in navy fast vessels was 31.4±4.5 years, BMI: 25, duration of exercise per week: 40 hours, duration of employment in vessels: 8 years and duration of skeletal problems: 2 years. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the lumbar region was 57%, knee 47%, back 34%, neck 30%, shoulder 30%, thigh and hip 28%, hand and wrist 18%, ankle 16%, elbow 7%. There was a direct and significant relationship between the type of vessel and duration of work on the vessel and the age of staff with musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, back, waist, and knee.

Considering the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the staff of navy fast vessels and its relation to the type and duration of work on the vessel, it is suggested to modify the type of seats, modify the position of staff in the vessels, and regular exercise to prevent the development of musculoskeletal disorders.

There is evidence of undesirable effects of deep and prolonged diving on lung function and respiratory system diseases. The current study was conducted to determine the relationship between diving activity and pulmonary function changes in professional divers.

The current analytical study was conducted in 2017 on the coast of south and north of Iran. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, all professional divers were studied in the census (consecutive) method. The demographic and clinical data were recorded. Diving experience (years), average diving hours, and average diving depth performed by the professional divers in their routine activities was recorded. The divers were visited by the pulmonologist and a thorough examination of the chest and internal lung examination was done and data was recorded. For all divers pulmonary or lung function tests and spirometery tests were done. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 18.

61 male professional divers with an average age of 34.5±4.2 years (29-38 years old) participated. 91.8% (56 people) was non-smokers (and the same with no allergies). The average diving experience was 10.5±5.5 years (range of 4-25 years). The average diving hours were 1071.8±753.2 hours in the range of 50-3500 hours. The average diving depth was 37.4±13.5 meters in the range of 5 to 60 meters. Relationship of experience, hours and average depth of diving with pulmonary symptoms (normal, cough, dyspnea, sputum, abdominal pain), pulmonary findings (normal, abnormal sound), chest graph (normal, pulmonary involvement, parenchyma involvement, lung adenopathy), Spirometry (normal, obstruction and restriction), FVC and FEV1 (Limiting disease, normal), FVC (patient, healthy), FEV1 (abnormal, normal, measurable, limiting disease), FEF (patient, healthy) was significant.

Increasing the experience, length, and the average depth of diving, as the factors in diving, has a negative effect on lung function. Therefore, it seems that the professional divers are prone to loss of lung function over time. However, the effect of diving on lung function depends on other factors, as well as on the individual itself.

Military personnel should have suitable resilience against the increasing psychological pressures on military conditions, especially in the islands. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of stress defusing and patience techniques on resilience in navy deployed in an Iranian island in the Persian Gulf.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in one of the Persian Gulf islands in 2016. Forty navy in convenience method enrolled and were randomly assigned to either stress defusing (n=20) or patience (n=20). The Connor-Davidson Resiliency Questionnaire was completed at pre-test for all. Subsequently, participants in both groups attended 10 one-hour training sessions each day. Finally, the resiliency questionnaire was completed by them again. Data were analysed using SPSS 19 software.

In the final analysis, 17 navy were in patience group with a mean age of 30.7±3.2 and 19 navy in the Stress defusing group with a mean age of 29.9±2.2 years. Stress defusing technique increased resilience by 18.7% and patience technique increased resilience by 53%. Comparison of the mean scores recorded in the post-test showed that patience significantly improved resiliency (p=0.006), in navy in the island and had a significant difference with stress defusing technique.

Both stress defusing and patience training technique have a positive and significant effect on resiliency promotion, so it is recommended that both intervention techniques, especially patience training, be used to improve resilience in military personnel before, during, and after deployed missions.

Among the most annoying problems in all vessels are the existence of species from rodents to insects that waste some part of the ability of personnel to operate or damage navigation control systems, damage electronic networks, damage food and even poison people. The purpose of this study was to identify pests, insects and rodents on the light and semi-heavy vessels available in Bandar Abbas and to provide solutions to them.

After preliminary examination, location and floating docks selection, sampling and catching of insects and rodents were done from the vessels in southern Iran (Bandar Abbas). Samples were collected with the help of manual entomopathology; aspirator; sticky trap; hand collection; match with canberra; pneumatic; trap collection. Killing and storing of samples was done by standard methods and frequency of samples was recorded. After processing the information, a panel of experts from six experts in the field of health (environmental, public and occupational health) developed solution and strategies to remove pest, insect and rodent.  

In total, 141 arthropods, 18 genera, 29 species and 4 rodents from one family belonging to one species were identified. Samples were collected in greater order from the kitchen, personnel dormitories, martial facilities and the main vessels lounge. The highest frequency of arthropods caught was American cockroach and large ant (12.77%) followed by spiders (11.35%), small ants (10.64%) and the least abundant were locusts and rodents. Summarizing the opinions of 6 experts in the field of health (environmental health, public and professional), solutions were presented in 4 areas: physical, chemical, biological and genetic.

Considering the abundance of pests, insects and rodents in light and semi-heavy vessels, raising the awareness of managers and staff about environmental health, through training sessions by health experts, as well as the preparation of a pesticide and insect control checklist is suggested.

For proper treatment and control of nosocomial infections, it is necessary to know the resistance pattern of pathogenic microorganisms. The aims of the present study were to compare phenotypic and genotypic detection of pseudomonas aeroginosa and to determine the frequency of antibiotic resistant isolates from clinical samples of burn unit of Payambar e Azam Hospital in Bandar Abbas in 2016.

Morphological, biochemical and genetic identification methods based on 16s rRNA sequencing were used. Kirby Bauer method was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility according to CLSI guidelines.

Of 50 Pseudomonas isolates, 27% of isolates were from skin samples and 73% from wound samples. The results of antibiotic susceptibility pattern showed that 46.15, 15.38, 46.15, 23.08, 15.38, 15.38 and 38.46% of the tested isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, imipenem, piperacillin, ceftazidime, respectively. Amikacin, azithromycin and cefepime showed resistance. This pattern for wound-derived isolates was recorded as 80.56, 25, 80.56, 27.78, 16.67, 33.33, 41.67 respectively. The results of genetic identification of 5 isolates confirmed phenotypic ones although these results did not confirm phenotypic results for W23 isolate. Phylogenetic studies revealed that S11 isolate had exposed evolutionary divergency rather than other examined isolates.

The presented results showed high antibiotic resistance especially to ciprofloxacin and piperacillin among examined isolates and emphasized on application of effective antibiotics and their limited prescription. The necessity of genetic identification of Pseudomonas strains is also suggested.

Attention to social capital as an important asset for building and maintaining healthy and empowered organizations have been obvious and apparent. This study aims to examine the social capital status and its relationship with organizational health and social health of military staff.

In this cross-sectional study, the study population was randomly selected from all administrative staff is a military hospital in Tehran, Iran. Data collection was done by demographic questionnaire, Feldman organizational health questionnaire, researcher-made questionnaire of social capital and Keyes Social Health Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software.

There is a significant positive correlation between the dimensions of social capital [reciprocity, trust, social participation, public awareness, sense of responsibility and beliefs [with social health and organizational health. In general, after performing the regression equation, the relationship of total social capital with the social and organizational health of hospital staff had correlations of 0.555 and 0.518, respectively. According to the coefficients of determination (28 and 26 percent), this means that 28% of social health changes are explained by social capital changes and 26% of organizational health changes are explained by social capital changes.

The direct relationship between social capital and social and organizational health can be explained by proper communication among the employees of the organization to enhance morale, higher performance and at the same time reduce work-related stress, conflicts, opposition and resistance, which ultimately increases organizational and social health.