مجله مطالعات میان رشته ای ارتباطات و رسانه
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 5، پاییز 1398)

In today’s world media are at the same standing point as states. They are capable of influencing & shaping the social & individual essence of people. The capacity of all types of media - in particular television- is large enough to be a factor in human development. Human development perspective towards man is as a capacity which should be flourished. This will not be achieved unless to empower men. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to answer this question: How television can be used for the development of individual empowerment? This qualitative study is conducted by using the conceptualization method of Grounded theory. In this study, by using theoretical sampling, thirteen university professors, managers, and experts with working experience in the field of Communication Development were interviewed through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The collected data were interpreted through open, axial and selective coding. The findings of the present study show that this medium plays four main functions to improve Social Empowerment. Providing a platform and creating freedom of opportunity, causal conditions, mediating factors and using the change strategy in order to obtain individual empowering for TV production.

Despite the growth of Social Media, television is still considered the most important mass media. But nowadays, social media have become an inseparable part of journalists’ professional life. These media could have questioned the authority of traditional journalists to some extent including television journalists. It seems that they take advantage of social media as an important tool in their job. The aim of this research is to recognize the scale and manner of using social media in news reporting profession at IRIB. Consequently, this will clarify that what are the functions of these new media for reporters and what are their motivations to use such media. For finding the answer to these questions, the theories of media convergence & satisfaction were applied in collaboration with the views of IRIB News Agency & Young Journalists Club reporters. The findings show that the IRIB journalists apply social media to help them a better follow up of the news. They also use them for checking other media platforms in order to catch up news subjects and interact with their audience. The high scale of applying external social networks especially Telegram & WhatsApp in comparison to the low scale usage of internal social networks & Instagram are among other findings of this research.

Nowadays, new communication technologies & Social Networks not only have evolved the economy of life & financial aspects but also changed its symbolic framework. These networks are so effective that you cannot imagine one’s life & his society without them. This research is opt to survey on the role of virtual social networks in view of different aspects of satisfaction of users in first six month of 2018( News distribution, upgrading of public knowledge & awareness, the scale of  using virtual social networks & trusting social media like Instagram, Telegram, Facebook & Twitter). The present research is descriptive in nature & has applied questionnaires. 384 people constitute the statistical population of this research. Data analysis has been done by TOPSIS & the general findings are as follows: Telegram with %98 percent of satisfaction, Instagram with %97, the 3rd & fourth place belongs to Twitter & Facebook.

This article surveys on alternative cinema in the world and Iranian cinema with a case study on the screened films at Ammar Film Festival. Initially, three movements of alternative cinema in film history are inspected in brief: the Independent cinema of United State, Avant-Garde Cinema in France and the Third Cinema of Argentina. The conditions that led to the emergence of each movement such as political, social, economical & cultural/aesthetic are explored to find out if there are any relations between them and alternative streams of Iranian cinema after Islamic Revolution. The theoretical framework of this article is based on Critical Theory of Frankfurt School, which enables a combination of socio-economical and textual analysis of artworks with a trans disciplinary (social-ideological) approach in a critical context. Besides, the descriptive and comparative analysis, a series of deep interviews with filmmakers, academics, journalists and experts of the field and participatory observation in workshops of alternative cinema and Ammar Film Festival has been done for this study. The reasoning of this article is around the evolutions after Islamic Revolution which led Iranian cinema to become an alternative one in the world contemporary cinema. It is also argued that other alternative/ streams emerged within Iranian cinema that try not only to distinguish themselves from world contemporary cinema but also present a different form of cinema from mainstream Iranian cinema. Ammar Film Festival has been studied in this article as a sample to show the differences between this stream alternative in Iranian cinema and other cinema in the world.

Regarding the expansion of Social & Satellite networks, indigenous cultures of Iran are in danger of being forgotten. Since one of the main functions of domestic networks is to convey cultural heritage, the provincial networks carry this mission of paying adequate attention to the features of indigenous identity & culture. The main objective of this research is to recognize the relation between watching provincial TV networks with the internalization of endemic culture in the province. Methodology of the research is to survey based on multistage cluster sampling. 15 residents of Sari were chosen as statistical population which 400 of them were selected for sampling by Cochran formula. Considering the findings of the research, there is a direct relation between watching domestic TV & internalization of indigenous culture which is apparently strong.

Advertising is the most fashionable and used way to introduce products and services to the market. Radio has long been one of the most important and widely used media tools for advertising. In this research, we are going to make a comparative study on the desirable and existing situation of the commercial advertisements in provincial radio stations by carefully examining them. To achieve our purpose, at first, we did a semi-structured interview together with a library study, then, the documents were tried-out to collect a set of rules and regulations for the production and broadcast of advertisements in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting. Subsequently, an optimal broadcast pattern was extracted by using thematic analysis method. Thus, by using the content analysis method, the commercial ads on the provincial radio of the Hormozgan capital (Voice of Persian Gulf) were reconciled with the optimal pattern that was obtained in the first phase of the research. Surprisingly, it was found that many of the contents and structural features do not match with principles of Khalij Fars (Persian Gulf) radio. Finally, a model consisting of two parts containing both the content and structural features were extracted. Content features of the research are as follows: features of Supervisory & Assessment Department, Commercial Division of IRIB, and Experts of Media & Advertising. Structural features include: Production & Voice Persons (Actors).