مجله راهبرد سیاسی
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 10، پاییز 1398)

One of the most important political currents was the constitutional period of the 1919 treaty, which was dated 18 August 1298. It was closed by the then Prime Minister of the reign of Ahmad Shah. The 1919 Iran-England contract was a major turning point in Iranian history in the modern era, and in our country's relations with England. It was widely believed that if the Reuter Treaty had provided all of Britain's wealth resources, the 1919 treaty would have yielded both wealth and power to Britain. Vosough al-Dawlah, however, saw the deal as a step toward preserving the country's territorial integrity and believed that the deal would prevent Khuzestan's sovereignty. The failure of this contract resulted in the coup d'état of March 1299 (1921), the emergence of Reza Khan, the establishment of the Pahlavi government.

The collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s was an opportunity for the United States to exercise its foreign policy in a unipolar world as a hegemonic power. The United States plays a key role in sustaining NATO by leading new threats, such as terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism, countering independent governments, and liberation movements opposed to Western development policies, in the leadership role of NATO (the organization that had been in crisis since the Soviet collapse). And the use of weapons of mass destruction, ensuring security and stability in the production, extraction, transmission of energy (oil and gas) and so on, all of which, according to the West, have implications for the Middle East. The 9/11 terrorist attacks can be seen as the most dramatic reflection of the US's arrogant and inhumane policies towards the Middle East and toward Muslims. The Bush administration, arguing that it had been attacked by terrorist operations, recognized the defense as its right and, in cooperation with the international community, was able to occupy Afghanistan. The United States attempted to place 9/11 as a means of achieving the short-term goal of combating terrorism and domination of the Middle East and a pretext for the long-term goal of stabilizing hegemony over the world system, as the US then divided the world into polar and hostile politics. Imperialist justify and practice.

Given the vital importance of the Persian Gulf in discussing world energy, the great powers have always been sensitive to maintaining stability in the region. The United States assumed this role after the British left the Persian Gulf in 1971. A role that has also been costly for the United States. With Donald Trump and his criticism of the military presence in the region, the question arises as to what constitutes the new US naval strategy in the Persian Gulf? The US Navy's military-naval strategy in the Gulf seems to be based on deep-seated participation and a widespread presence in the Persian Gulf, in line with the Trump administration's strategic documents and despite its criticisms, aimed at ensuring a free and flowing energy flow. Iran's maritime power building is in blockage of the Strait of Hormuz (containment of Iran). In this study, a library method was used for data collection and a descriptive-analytic method was used to explain the data.

Islamic Republic of Iran as one of the last political-ideological system in the 20th century is continuing to exist despite of its differences with the new dominant national and international environment. Without a doubt continuous of this procedure requires adoption of the system to the necessities of new world community such as political development paradigm. However, after four decades of life of Islamic republic of Iran, it seems that the system is countering two major crises of legitimacy and efficiency. These crises’ have targeted the existence of the system and gradually are strengthening. Accordingly, the main question of this research is that what are the reasons of the efficiency and legitimation crisis’s in the political system of Islamic Republic of Iran? And what are the solutions? The hypothesis is that Iran’s society is transitional from tradition to modern society. Such a society requires change and renovation for accepting modernization. Resistance of the political system against change and the government encountering with the society are the main reasons of the efficiency and legitimation crisis’s. the best solution for the existing crisis is applying good governance. For analyzing the research subject Lucian Pye’s theory of political development crisis’s was utilized. The research method is analytical –explanatory and the data’s were collected through library resources.

The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of globalization discourse on the dominant discourses in the Islamic world and how the emergence of Jihadist Salafi political Islam in the light of the waves of globalization. The hypothesis under consideration is that: "Globalization, by challenging the official identity of states while paving the way for the emergence of Salafi Jihad political discourse, constitutes a fundamental challenge to the continuation of traditional power relations." The results obtained through the discourse analysis method and using the theories of Ernesto Lacla and Chantal Mouf show that globalization in some Islamic countries challenges the necessity of identity discovery and the thirst for meaning-seeking by challenging the dominant and single-discourse discourses. Has done. Salafism is one of the answers to this need. By choosing meaning and monopolizing it, they devote their energies to applying selected meanings and attributes. Meaning is restored by Salafist groups, relying on collective concepts such as Shari'ah, leadership, jihad, altruism, maximally religious and community interpretations. This has greatly affected the future of power relations in some Islamic countries.

In the post-Cold War space, the geopolitical and practical model of US political and security officials has been formulated that there should be no room for the emergence of potential threats. Therefore, geopolitical discourse as a major tool in US foreign policy has become a reality, and Americans have labeled "political Islam" as a symbol of terrorism. In this regard, US geopolitical discourse was implemented by activating a pre-emptive war strategy to realize geopolitical interests: interventionism, counterterrorism, unilateralism, and ideological conflict, which can be referred to as geoterrorism strategy. . To put it another way, new post-Cold War semantic and discourse forms were introduced by the United States to antagonize and alienate them, which apparently put the fight against violence and terrorism at the forefront of its global geopolitical agenda. So the main question of this study is what is the relationship between geoterrorism and the US counterterrorism discourse in the post-Cold War order? The research hypothesis is that: "Geoterrorism is the bedrock of the discourse and the basis of US strategic policy in the post-Cold War space through which it fights against fundamentalist terrorism and the enemy of Western civilization (Islam) as its ideological counterpart after the fall of the Soviet Union. It has sought to fulfill its strategic demands, especially in the West Asian region."