Avicenna Journal of Dental Research
Volume:11 Issue: 2, Jun 2019

The aim of the present study was to determine the most effective oral hygiene method in fixed orthodontic patients.

A total of 125 patients who had recently started their orthodontic treatment and had not received oral hygiene instructions were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 25): verbal instructions (V), verbal instructions plus pamphlet (V + P), verbal instructions plus video film (V + F), verbal instructions plus the use of disclosing agents (V + D), and pamphlet plus the use of disclosing agents (P + D). One week after the installation of orthodontic appliance, plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded and oral hygiene instructions were provided. One week and 4 weeks after oral hygiene instructions, PI and GI were recorded again.

PI and GI showed significant decreases in 5 groups after 1 week and 4 weeks (P ˂ 0.05). No statistically significant differences were detected between the 5 study groups in terms of plaque reduction after one week. However, after 4 weeks PI values were significantly lower in V + D group compared to P + D group. Regarding GI, V + D method resulted in a significantly lower GI than P + D after 1 week and 4 weeks.

To sum up, all the oral hygiene motivation methods applied in this study can be effective in decreasing PI and GI. However, it appears that the best way is the verbal oral hygiene instruction plus the use of disclosing agents.

Class II malocclusion is one of the most common orthodontic problems that can be divided into class II division 1 and division 2. Considering the differences between the 2 malocclusions, the present study was designed to compare the dentoskeletal changes caused by growth modification treatment.

This retrospective study included 52 patients (2 groups) with class II division 1 and 2 malocclusions, who were within the age range of 11-13 years and were treated by growth modification. Initial and final cephalograms were analyzed by Dolphin software premium 11.8. In addition, 7 cephalometric variables including SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-GOGN, inter-incisal angle, mandibular body length, and overbite were measured in traced cephalograms. Finally, treatment changes in each group were analyzed by paired t test and between-group comparison was assessed by independent t test. The significant level was considered as 0.05.

Based on the results of dentoskeletal changes in both groups, SNB, ANB, mandibular length, and overbite underwent significant changes during treatment in both groups. Further, the interincisal angle changed significantly in division 2 group (P < 0.0001) and the final interincisal angle decreased significantly in class II division 1 patients (P < 0.025). The results further revealed that changes in SNB and interincisal angles were statistically significantly greater in division 2 group compared to division 1 group (P < 0.021 and P < 0.012, respectively). Finally, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the other variables.

Overall, mandibular position changes more in class II division 2 patients and the treatment appears to be more successful in this group

Child dental anxiety can be related to poor oral hygiene, along with more missing and decayed teeth. Information on the origin of dental fear and uncooperative behavior in pediatric dentistry is important for behavior management strategy. A limited number of studies have investigated the effects of environmental factors comparatively. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate dental anxiety in children who referred to Hamadan Dental School with respect to such environmental factors during 2018-2019.

In this cross-sectional study, the level of child dental anxiety was evaluated by the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS) and Venham picture test (VPT). The study was conducted on 121 children aged 9-12 years old and the obtained data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 20. In addition, analytical methods such as t test, Freedman test, and independent t test (α = 0.05), as well as one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney were utilized for analyzing the data. Finally, the correlation between the two questionnaires was measured using the Pearson test.

Tooth extraction and injection in the gum were operated with the highest level of anxiety. The relationship between MCDAS and VPT scores was significant. According to the MCDAS score, having a dental experience was the only factor that was significantly related to child dental anxiety. Based on the VPT score, gender, dental experience, clinic type, and mother’s education level were the variables with a significant relationship with the child dental score.

In general, aggressive dental treatment such as tooth extraction and restoration should be avoided in the first visit of children. The level of dental anxiety among female children was higher compared to male children, therefore, female children need more attention in this regard. Eventually, mothers’ awareness of dental and oral hygiene also plays an important role in reducing the dental anxiety of their children.

Endodontic procedures such as root canal treatment (RCT) would be at the risk of failure like other medical interventions due to any unsuitable conditions. In this regard, applying low-efficiency techniques can cause several negative consequences such as errors in length, cleaning, shaping, and the quality of obturation. The aim of this study was to determine the iatrogenic errors and the quality of RCTs on mandibular premolars in the Ardabil population by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in 2018.

This cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out using the archive of Dr. Basser Radiology Center in 2018. The axial, coronal, and sagittal sections of CBCT images were observed for detecting missing canals, perforations, ledges, vertical root fractures (VRFs), and the quality of endodontic filling. The observation process was done by an endodontist, a radiologist, and a dentistry student. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20 and the descriptive statistical method (frequency and percentage) was used for reporting the results.

The results showed that underfilling was the most common error in the second and first mandibular premolar (9.5% compared with 9.2%), respectively. In addition, overfilling and missing canal were the second and third common errors in this study (6.3% and 3.9%). On the other hand, ledge, perforation, and VRF in the second premolar were the least common failures (0.26%). However, perforation and VRF were not found in the first mandibular premolars. It was observed that missing canals occur as lingual, mesial, and buccal types. All the missing canals of the first mandibular premolar were of lingual type. In comparison, in the second premolar, 71.4% of the missing canals were lingual and the remaining canals were mesial or buccal (each 14.3%).

Overall, the results of the present study revealed that the most common mistakes were errors in length and missing canals, therefore, more education is recommended toward employing working length determination techniques, using electric apex locator, obtaining more knowledge of anatomy variation, and using CBCT in doubtful cases.

Iron supplementation plays an important role in the growth and development of children. However, iron causes persistent discoloration of primary teeth, which creates some concerns for the parents. This study aimed to assess the color change of the primary teeth following the use of four types of iron supplements available in the Iranian pharmacopeia.

In this in vitro experimental study, 60 primary incisors (120 tooth surfaces) with intact crowns were collected and randomly divided into 5 groups (1 control and 4 experimental groups). The color of the teeth was then measured at baseline (time 0) and 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the immersion in solutions containing 250 mL of artificial saliva in the control group and artificial saliva plus iron supplements containing 100 mg of iron in the experimental groups using the Vita Easy Shade Compact. Finally, the data were analyzed using the ANOVA test and pairwise comparisons were made using Tukey’s and least significant difference tests via SPSS, version 23.

The primary teeth showed a significant color change after 24 and 48 hours of immersion in the solutions (P < 0.05) but no significant change was noted after 72 and 96 hours of immersion (P > 0.05).

In general, the color change of the primary teeth was not significantly different following exposure to the four iron supplements. Eventually, the Iranian and foreign-made iron supplements caused a similar color change in the teeth.

Many oral mucocutaneous lesions have quite similar clinical manifestation. Thus, histopathological assessment plays a pivotal role in the definite diagnosis of these lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility rate of clinical and histopathological diagnoses in our university hospitals and clinics.

In this retrospective descriptive study, we evaluated the medical records of 168 patients who presented to the departments of oral and general pathology of Hamadan University from 1996 to 2014 with oral mucocutaneous lesions. Patients’ data were retrieved from their medical records which included baseline demographic data, lesion characteristics, primary clinical diagnosis, and definite histopathological diagnosis. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16.0.

Lichen planus was the most prevalent oral lesion in our study. The highest rate of agreement between the clinical and histopathological diagnoses was also noted for lichen planus. No agreement was noted for pemphigoid.

Both clinical examination and histopathological analysis are required for correct and definite diagnosis of mucocutaneous lesions.

Among facial bones in children, mandible bone has the highest fracture rate, 8.4% of which is related to Symphysis fractures.

A 3.5-year-old girl with complaints about the mobility of the mandibular left primary central incisor without a history of recent dental trauma and caries referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of Hamadan University. After radiographic evaluation, occlusal displacement of lower left permanent central incisor tooth germ and root resorption of lower left primary central incisor were seen.

This case report implies that because of the close proximity of the root of the primary tooth to its developing permanent successor, jaw fracture and especially mandibular fracture combined with dental injuries (e.g., intrusion, avulsion, and extrusive luxation) can cause damages and significant displacement in permanent successor tooth germs.