نشریه کارآگاه
پیاپی 48 (پاییز 1398)

Murder is one of the violent crimes against the physical wholeness of people which takes human life that is a divine grace and when this crime turns into a serial type, it leaves a more destructive and bad effect on the security of citizens which many societies have faced or will face during a course of time and police have experienced from the past till now different models such as threat-based, society-based, isuue-based, and information-based to counter this kind of crime. Therefore; regarding the importance of detecting serial killings, in this research we are seeking a response to this question that “How will the information-based police detect serial killings?” This research is of applied form from type and objective perspectives and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature which has been prepared in documentary and deep interviews forms with homicide detectives and identity detection experts. The results of this research showed that such factors as: crime scene information, crime profiling information, forensic medicine information, use of various information bank, skilled detectives’ information, information resulted from interview and interrogation of witnesses, the accused and pundit information, informants and sources’ information and information from the victim who has succeded to escape from a murderer are all the effective factors in detecting serial killings by information-based police.

In proportion to the modern examples of organized crimes, in criminological studies, new approaches to more systematic combat against these crimes have been put forward. In regard to certain scientific reasons, it can be realized that development-centric initiatives in response to organized crimes regarding transnational studies should be taken into considerations. Therefore; This kind of approach can be used as a tool by which organized crimes would be seen as a negative factor affecting trade, politics and society and this macro look will cause this phenomenon and those reactions and effective measures related to their reduction be recognized better. Therefore; attention and measurement of organized crimes solely as a criminal phenomenon, regardless of its impacts on economy, politics and different sidelines of society, means inefficacy of every approach proposed and implemented against these crimes. In international criminological literature, this kind of approach is called development-centric so that it can go beyond the existing traditional approaches and create a stage for the most comprehensive solutions. While this article proves that security or justice-based strategies will not be able to succeed per se, it believes that even development-centric strategies will not achieve much success if used in a standalone and one-dimensional manner against organized crimes. Anyway, these strategies can be considered as long-term and sustainable solutions for some of the most conspicuous challenges related to organized crimes which can prevent the future effects of this crime on vulnerable victims while drastically mitigating organized crimes.

The Economic Security Police, one of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s police units acting as the Judiciary law enforcement arm, has a background of countering crimes and criminals among crime detection police in its record and performs its duties as the newest crime detection establishment in the fields of economic crimes and combating against goods and currency smuggling and detecting and maintaining different crime evidence, arresting culprits and criminals and preventing them from escaping and hiding, as well. The Supreme Leader has pointed to the issue of economy in the Second Step of the Islamic Revolution and ascertained the method of achieving Resistance Economic Objectives, police duties, particularly the duties of the Economic Security Police in countering currency and goods smuggling and economic crimes, as well. Therefore; according to the Second Step of the Islamic Revolution communiqué, the indexes of the Resistance Economy and achieving its objectives require a Jihadi approach, resiliency, opportunity making, generative, internal, pioneer and external matters. Therefore; economic factors are the essential factors for all the society structures and have considerable effects on individual activities such as the occurrence of crimes. Since the issue of economy (Resistance Economy) has been in the spotlight in our country in recent years, the present research is an effort in this regard. This Article attempts to review and investigate, from the Second Step of the Revolution perspective, the role of Resistance Economy in the economic growth through combating against goods smuggling and the position of police in the Islamic Revolution in achieving this important issue.

Goods smuggling has gained the attention of legislators as a crime that endangers social, economic, individual and family security from a variety of aspects. NAJA is one of the drug enforcement agencies whose police measures are one of the cycles of this agency to counter goods smuggling. This research is intended to recognize the impact rate of police measures on countering goods smuggling in Delfan Township purview. This research is of applied type from objective point of view and of descriptive –analytical type from nature point of view and it uses the survey method. The target audience consists of 60 people from NAJA staff in Delphan Township and Lorestan Province Goods smuggling Enforcement Agency. The sample volume was selected for 58 people and was distributed among them in simple accidental method. The data gathering tool is questionnaire whose flunency was verified through superficial fluncy and its sustainability was computed using Cronbach Alfa Formula amounting to 0.73% and in order to analyze the data, Single Sample T test was used in Spss 18 Software Pacakage. Based on the findings of this research, police intelligence measures with a coefficient of 79% have the highest impact to counter smuggling and ranks first and aftet that, managerial measures with 69% and conducting checkpoints measures with 61% are ranked subsequently influencial to counter goos smuggling. In general, the research results show that all the policing measures (managerial measures, checkpoints measures and intelligence measures) have all an impact on countering goods smuggling with a coefficient of 73%. Therefore, in order to combat goods smuggling, NAJA should augment all the police measures with holistic and systematic approaches in all three domains.

this phenomenon can cause serious damage to the economic system of a country and threaten national security even national security ; this phenomenon can be caused by means of facilities , capacities and potentials in the country , as well as disorders in the development process of different regions of the country . This informal business activity will enable the state to do its own development plans and to keep fighting this phenomenon . it may be possible to say that the main main condition for the fight for smuggling is to identify the motivations and factors that result in smuggling in each of the country 's regions and factors that constitute different trafficking factors due to the existence of different geography . We cannot find solutions to this problem as long as we cannot identify the effective indicators in our trafficking . the main purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting goods smuggling in south fars province of fars province and seal .

The purpose of this study was to describe the legal and judicial terms and conditions of electronic communications control with emphasis on listening in the Iranian judicial system through a descriptive analytical method. The privacy of individuals, especially electronic communications, is one of the most sensitive branches or pillars of privacy. Electronic communication means all communications that are transmitted between two persons by means of telecommunication and communication tools such as telephone conversations, SMS, e-mail, and so on. Among electronic communications, eavesdropping has a prominent place. Authorized eavesdropping means that law enforcement and intelligence agencies should be able to legally monitor the content being transmitted on telecommunication systems, including telephones, cell phones, text messages and e-mails if needed. In our country, the subject of permissible interception is sporadically enshrined in certain laws and in certain areas, and the need for legal interception has also been addressed, but in many cases there is also a legal vacuum. A review of the laws makes it clear that the interception of telephone conversations, text messages and e-mail requires a judicial order, and that, in urgent cases, judicial officers are required to comply with the law. In addition, SMS and e-mail auditing is prohibited under normal circumstances.

Rape or sexual assault is one of the serious criminal offenses and the detection of body fluids originating from sexual activity has long been considered as a critical aspect of criminal investigations both at crime scenes and in the laboratory. Therefore, many studies are being conducted to identify the latest and most accurate methods for diagnosis of suspected samples of sexual secretions, which has successfully led to the emergence of different tests for the detection of semen and vaginal secretions into different crime laboratories of the world. Tests used to identify sexual secretions include two categories of preliminary and confirmatory tests, so that pertinent confirmatory tests and forensic DNA tests are essential tools for solving cases of rape and assault to bring offenders to justice. In this review, current tests for identifying sexual secretions have been criticized, including the use of DNA typing, RNA investigation, epigenetics, spectroscopic techniques, kits, and immune-chromatographic methods. It should be noted that these methods, along with their strengths, also have weaknesses that are discussed in this article. Given the importance of identifying susceptible spots of sexual secretions in solving criminal cases, it is necessary and properly important for criminal science experts to understand and apply these laboratory methods.

Microchip laboratory is an instrument consisting of one or several laboratory agents on a microchip. This microchip laboratory is a device that enables the mixing and integration of several laboratory operations on one single chip only. The microchip laboratory deals with liquid currents with very little volume (about nanoliter or picoliter) on micron canals which are used for chemical analysis by single or multiple processes inside the chip. Advantages of a laboratory on-chip include less liquid consumption for analysis, the shorter period of conducting tests and results, better control of processes, suitability for comprehensive analyses with high operational capability, lower costs of manufacture in mass production, laboratory safety such as criminal studies and criminal records and higher validity of resulted data. The vast applications of this technology in judicial science include precise determination of biological samples and conducting criminal records and detecting unknown corpses, biological samples, forensic medicine, conducting diagnostic tests and so on. By using the laboratory technology in chip, the test time has reached from several hours or several days down to one minute. As it is known, DNA tests are done in criminal cases. DNA tests are conducted to determine a crime of innocence. The DNA-based biochip can perform DNA analysis at crime scenes. Moreover, the DNA-based biochip can be used for identity tests including identity of parents and pedigree.