نشریه معرفت فرهنگی اجتماعی
سال دهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 40، پاییز 1398)

The outside employment of women, is one of the most controversial issues in the women's studies. Advocates and opponents have provided some reasons based on their foundations and assumptions. Like other social cultural topics, this issue has been reflected in mass media, including cinema. Of course, it should not be overlooked that cinema has analyzed the proposed projects tendentiously. The emergence of feminist theories in the scientific and cultural space of the country and a critical look at women's social issues including employment have attracted the attention of cinematographers to these issues. The figurative question of this paper is that, to what extent does the portrayal of a woman's employment in the Movie of Spouse (Hamsar) (1994) is conformed to the mandatory and preferential Islamic criteria? The finding show that, consciously or unconsciously, the portrayal of women's employment in this film has a lot to do with radical feminism.

Feminist theories, especially the existentialist theory of Simon de Beauvoir, not only has left a great impact on Western societies, has also affected the Iranian society. De Beauvoir’s definition of woman as “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman” is a statement that expresses the ontological position of feminists with regard to women. In this definition, she views the nature of woman and femininity as a social product and a historical and cultural thing, not a divine one. This kind of approach to women has many contradictions with Islamic and cultural foundations which will be discussed below from the Islamic point of view. The findings show that, while denying the constant nature of women, de Beauvoir has considered the natural and biological role of woman, such as motherhood and marriage, as an artificial, cultural, and historical issues. However, the existence of these natural and biological differences over the centuries proves a constant nature for human being which itself is an evidence against her claim.

Population is one of the key components of development that should be considered in all policies, strategies, and planning. It is inevitable, therefore, to recognize the population, growth, age and sex structure to reach a suitable population. Accordingly, it is necessary to analyze the position of the population in Islam and the Islamic system to adopt a proper approach in this arena in our country. Using a theoretical and analytical method, this paper seeks to analyze the importance of population in Islam and the Islamic system. The verses of the Holy Qur’an and narrations in terms of population can be classified into several categories including, advising marriage and childbearing, encouragement to marry with a woman who can have many children, guaranteeing the sentence of individuals, prohibition of abortion, the importance of increasing the number of Muslims population. Based on the religious teachings, increasing the population, is the first and general rule in this respect, as Islam and all revealed religions asks their follower to increase the number of faithful and dignified population.

Using a comparative, qualitative content analysis, interpretative and documentary method, this paper seeks to study the dimensions of “social determination of knowledge” from the viewpoint of Nahj al-Balagha and the sociological theories of knowledge. In these two approaches, i.e. Nahj al-Balagha and the sociological theories of knowledge, the differences between Nahj al-Balagha and the social determination of knowledge have been examined based on the quintuple components including the depth of determination, degree of determination, level of determination, purpose of determination, and dominant factor. The findings show that, many sociological theories of knowledge have taken completely different methods from Nahj al-Balagha in those factors.

Evolution and development of human societies has always been of interest to social scientists. There are three general theories on the process of societal evolution which include evolutionary, rotational and degenerating. Evolutionary theories have always sought to explain identity, cause, end of social evolutions according to their foundations and assumptions. Using the content analysis method, this paper seeks to study the identity, cause of social evolution based on the evolutionary theory of Allameh Tabataba’i and Martyr Motahhari. Putting the perfectionist innate nature in the center of their attention, they believe that social evolution in relation to innate nature is a constant issue over the time. Innate nature plays two major roles in social evolution, the main cause of the evolution of society as an intrinsic and dynamic factor and evolving society in terms of value and structure.

Social science, like any science, is made up of three elements of subject, end and method. Examining the concept of time in the view of Heidegger, this paper seeks to explain the subject of social science based on Heidegger's thinking. Thus, while comparing the Heidegger's and Max Weber's viewpoint regarding the time, the process in which social science is formed and developed is discussed. In Heidegger's view, science is a historical thing that has relationship with the foundation and existence of man; an analysis of this relation will take us to the realm of transcendental imagination and existence and will reveal Dasein's encounter with existence, which is something that happens in time. The implications of Heidegger's philosophical thinking on the developed of social science will be extended as follows, the social science will be the historical and the imaginary science that is different from the social issue based on subjective thinking. This paper has been done by a descriptive-analysis method.

The Islamic Revolution challenged the intellectual system of enemies, and thus it led them to restrain or eliminate it with all their might. One of their strategies is soft contrast, which is done by complex techniques such as infiltration. On the contrary, using the religious and cultural capacities of the Iranian nation and the affirmative approach of the leaders of the Revolution, Islamic Republic of Iran has attempted to block the infiltration of the enemies within its system. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper seeks to study the dimensions of the infiltration of enemies into the strategy of Iranian defense culture. The finding show that, the enemies have two major and operational goals in this regard which are as follows, dismantling and weakening the basic pillars of the country's defense culture, and, in operational goal, fundamental infiltration on issues such as Velayat-e Faqih, the goals of the revolution, the people’s defense culture, defensive power, the public and government support for the armed forces, the culture of Jihad and martyrdom, revolutionary thinking and practices, geometry of the status of friend and foe and etc.