نشریه رسانه های دیداری و شنیداری
پیاپی 31 (پاییز 1398)

As a medium, animation films employ various arrangements to convey their messages to the audience. Narrative and narration play an important role in shaping the animations. Narratives, in general, reflect different views of the world and the way they are perceived. Much of the popularity of storytelling comes from their narratives; they help programmers move away from directly inducing a message to the audience while preventing the audience from becoming overwhelmed by the media in pursuit of their ultimate goals. For this reason, the form, the constituent elements, and the explicit implications of the narratives must be analyzed scientifically. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyze the narrative and visual elements of the short film "Ghasedak" which is one of the great works of IRIB Hamedan Center for Animation. To achieve the mentioned goal, the narrative approach and the theory of Roland Barth and Gerard Genet were employed to analyze the narrative and visual elements of this animation. Findings of this article showed that the visual elements serve to express the story and the visual concepts well narrate the main concepts of the story; the visual elements conveyed the explicit implications of the text in relation to the subject of the film. Also, the visual aesthetics of this animation had an impact on the content and visual beauty of the dandelion animated film.

In humanities, the concept known as "soft power" is used to describe the ability to indirectly influence the behavior of others through the means that contrast with the so-called "hard power". On the national level, soft power is defined as the capabilities of a state to influence the prevailing behavior patterns by employing certain tools. Culture is a potential source from which these tools originate. Cinema as a popular medium of mass communication is a significant cultural tool of exercising soft power. "Resistance Identity", on the other hand, is a concept that explains a certain type of relationship between identity and power. Resistance identity is promoted by the actors who find themselves in a situation of being devalued by the dominant norms. Promotion of resistance identity is mainly aimed at constructing a defensive identity against the dominant social institutions and at emphasizing the lines of distinction. This research begins with explaining the concept of soft war as viewed by Joseph Nye and the concept of resistance identity as viewed by Manuel Castells. It then proceeds with studying the historical development of the cinema of Palestine in order to analyze the process through which cinema evolved into a resistance identity and a tool of soft power for the state of Palestine. A study of the various periods of the Palestinian cinema shows how Palestinian filmmakers have employed cinema as a tool to resist the hard power which thereafter turns into a tool of soft power thanks to the success of the Palestinian filmmakers on the international arena.

Social media provide a platform that enables the online users to communicate and exchanges messages with other users effectively and in the shortest possible time. The emergence of these types of platforms in today's network society has posed as a challenge to almost all aspects of social life, including professional and organizational processes of news production as one of the pillars of the existence and survival of modern societies and governments. If social media create and share fake news, the users may be deceived and be prone to make unusual decisions in their social life. Hence in the post-truth era, online users have set aside the objective investigation and analysis of the information they receive via social media and are almost unquestionably dominated by various harmful information. In this new era, a complete understanding of the dimensions, goals and consequences of fake news, which is an emerging harmful phenomenon, seems to be imperative if its destructive dimensions are to be confronted. The present essay addresses four structured themes, i.e. "difference between fake news and news", "similarity between fake news and news", "the goals of fake news production" and "the consequences of fake news" through a comprehensive study of the existing scientific resources, conducting in-depth interviews and by employing thematic analysis method. This study suggests that in terms of such components as "news format and professionalism", fake news is similar to authentic news, while they are different in terms of such component as "production on an informal media platform". Fake news is spread for such purposes as supplying psychological warfare and safeguarding the financial, political and ideological interests of the producers.Fake news has such consequences as jeopardizing the national security and the psyche of the public as well as raising the probability of making decisions on the basis of disinformation.

In media The prerequisite for the efficiency of any media communication is earning the trust of audiences. The current research aims to study the methods used by Persian BBC to earn the trust of its audience specifically in one of its major news programs: 60 Minutes. Using qualitative content analysis and inductive methods, this research has studied 2 months of 60 Minutes broadcast to investigate its source credibility, soft war, uses and gratification and Stigmata aspects. 78 aspects were observed in this news program and categorized in 20 categories for the analysis. The specific methods used by BBC Persian to earn the trust of its audiences are meta information, forging credibility, simulating incident location, reporting from hot news locations, engaging audiences, promoting the importance of incidents, covering breaking news, comprehensive insight, audience orientation, linking the news with audiences’ daily life, straightness, Intimacy with audiences, citizen journalism, journalists accountability, utilizing video reports and on-scene witnesses, highlighting whys, inviting case experts, documentizing spoken words, and using quotations and written documents. One of the main properties of BBC “60-Minutes” news program is showing tangible measures of drawing trust to audiences which verifies the their understanding of tv news production importance that is based on illustrations and tries to cover every events and broadcast them directly or vaguely.

Based on the rules of quality control system together with an eye on the country’s media activities and products, this article has analyzed the process and challenges facing this field; it has also aimed at identifying the network of the present basic issues on theorizing, designing, and dissemination of works and media products. This research was carried out to analyze the role and function of quality promotion system in the field of the country’s media activities and products which were extracted and recommended. The present study is based on the case study method which is a qualitative strategy used in management studies and systems, employing the tool of interviewing to deepen the specific conditions of media activities and the requirements of the quality tracking system. Research findings indicate that relations and processes of media activities do not fully support the cultural autonomy yet; they also demonstrate that systematic monitoring of the quality-enhancing process of media activities and media play a major role in making the country’s cultural excellence.

The PSB (public service broadcasting) is based on social responsibility. The preferred system for media management in IRIB is closer to the service-oriented media model. An effective presence in the media industry requires strategic planning and, more importantly, evaluation and modification of these strategies. Lack of proper compilation of evaluation indicators will result in waste of financial and human resources. This also applies to the technical field, as one of the most important key areas of the IRIB. The main purpose of this research is "to identify the indicators of evaluation of strategic plans of the IRIB’s technical field to realize the concepts of PSB". In the first step, the researcher has studied the important texts and sources in the field of PSB that have been published by international institutions using the documentary method, and then summarized eleven concepts. In the second step, by adapting all technical strategy plans to these concepts, four strategies (including ten strategic plans) corresponding to two PSB concepts namely “Universality” and “Excellence” were extracted that show the features of the PSB system are reflected in the IRIB’s strategic planning .Finally, using a balanced scorecard and holding four focus group meetings attended by 6 general managers and 9 technical experts who were purposefully selected, the evaluation indicators have been identified and explained in four dimensions (Internal business processes, Financial(Media Economy), Customer (Audience & Beneficiary), Learning and Growth (Human Resources).

In this article, with focus on a special character of Homeland TV-series, named Fara Sherazi, we are seeking to analyze the construction of immigrant Iranian identity in US Television. In doing so, we will use analytical approach of social semiotics introduced by Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen. We will also reviewed opposed elements and identities that used to construct the preferred identity. In our opinion, these kind of Iranian characters deconstruct conflated Arab / Muslim / Iranian identities and play an important role in re-framing the US new Other which can be used in continuous Self / Other opposition in life-time “state of exception”. At the end of this article we will conclude that Fara, along with other characters, participates in a process of identifying a new enemy for US and she became a semiotic resource of “Iranian Immigrant” which can be used as a reference in other mediated texts.

The seventies according to the Iranian calendar and the beginning of the period known as "reconstruction era", marks a turning point in the post-revolution development of tradition-modernity confrontation, which has manifested itself more than anything eles in the lifestyle. This research seeks to study the representation of "lifestyle" in more watched family series in the seventies through cultural studies approach. To this end and by purposeful sampling, the TV serial "Pedarsalar" as the most watched family series which is closely related to lifestyle topics was chosen for a case study. In the theoretical literature section; lifestyle theories were reviewed and the constructive representation theory was employed as the theoretical framework of the study. As for the method, the semiotic models of Keith and Selby and Fisk triple analysis were used.The results show that the lifestyle has been represented on two main axes. The first axis is the contrast of generations while the second one is the conflict between traditional and modern lifestyles. Lifestyle typology is represented in the form of the duality of "traditional lifestyle of the older generation" versus "modern lifestyle of the new generation". The studied series prescribes a combination of the traditional and modern lifestyles to be suitable for the Iranian society. This combination includes assets, values, attitudes and patterns of human relationships. "Emphasis on the generations gap", "critique of the traditional patriarchal way of life of the older generation" and "non-interference of religion in lifestyles confrontation", are the preferred themes of this series.

By broadcasting entertaining programs in local languages, the satellite TV channels attract the viewers to the unsolicited messages produced in these channels.   “Befarmaid Sham” (Come Dine), a program broadcasted by “Manoto 1” satellite TV channel, lends itself to be studied to explore the questions of why and how such a program manages to attract the audience. In a theoretical approach, the theory of cultural proximity introduced by Joseph Straubhaar and the audience satisfaction theory were employed. The study has explored the reasons for attraction of audience using the qualitative content analysis of the studied program further complemented by a survey of the comments of viewers on the web in general and on Facebook in particular in an attempt to elaborate on the findings. The findings suggest that cooking and dining are used merely as a means towards creating an atmosphere in which the participants interact, while several other factors also play an effective role in attracting the audience. An analysis of the comments posted by the viewers  show that the program is especially appealing to various groups of viewers for such varying reasons as the show conductor, deliberate timing of the show, a charming and witty narrator, appeal in form etc.

Events in the media space are of paramount importance in the social and behavioral sciences, as they transform the theoretical boundaries of the social sciences. Video games are, more than anything, a simulator of some sort of controllable life. This distinctive aspect of computer games opens the door to augmented reality in the field of media communication, which our historical experience is very unfit in analyzing. In fact, mankind has not had such an experience in the decisive and even complete part of its life history. In examining such phenomena, it is important to look at the small pathway we go on, and to obsess over the summing up of our own experiences and analyzes. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to provide the latest summary of the typifications of theoretical thinking in this subject, ultimately leading to a comprehensive overview of theoretical conceptions of video games conducted in an independent study. Finally, there are sixteen typifications of theoretical approaches in this field. There are a variety of perspectives on these two theoretical fronts, which will provide important insights into the future of our theoretical and practical exposure to the world of computer games and cyberspace in general.