مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه
سال هفتم شماره 2 (تابستان 1398)

Urban runoff is one of the most valuable and renewable water resources in many arid and semi-arid parts of the world. Understanding how to use these resources is very important. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical, chemical and biological properties of surface runoff in Zahedan for irrigation uses.

The present work was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Grap sampling was taken at two rainfall events at the intersection of Azarakhshi and Pasdaran crossings. The samples were examined for physical, chemical and microbial parameters according to the standard water and wastewater testing methods and qualitative irrigation parameters. The results were compared with Iranian and FAO environmental standards for irrigation uses.

The mean COD and BOD5 parameters were 359 and 56.6 mg/l, respectively and the mean heavy metals of nickel, zinc, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, iron in solution were 6.8, 66.66, 1, 2.2, 8.93, 5.1 and 92.5 mg/l, respectively. The mean total coliforms were 38333/33 MPN/100ml. The average of irrigation quality indices including SAR and Na% were 20.1 and 59.2%, respectively.

The results showed that the surface runoff of Zahedan in many parameters including heavy metals such as nickel, zinc, lead, copper and chromium, turbidity, TSS, TDS, sodium, total coliform CODs and CODs are above the maximum permitted DOE and FAO limits for irrigation usage.

The supplements and exercise training are used to diabetes control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks high intensity interval training and caffeine intake on glycemic indices and insulin resistance in diabetic rats.

In a quasi-experimental study, 50 Wistar diabetic male rats were randomly divided into five groups including control, diabetic control, diabetic + supplement, diabetic + exercise and diabetic + exercise + supplement. Training was planned for 8 weeks and 5 sessions weekly. In the supplement groups, caffeine was administered at the dose of 70 mg/kg, five days weekly for 8 weeks. 48 hours after the last training session, fasting serum glucose, insulin levels, insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity were measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA method (P <0.05).

The results showed a significant decrease in glucose and a significant increase in insulin levels in the two groups of diabetes and in the diabetic + supplement + exercise group compared to the diabetic control group (P =0.001). Diabetic + exercise group showed more effects on insulin resistance than diabetic control group (P =0.001), but this difference was not significant in comparison with other groups (P =0.85). The highest increase of insulin sensitivity was observed in the diabetic + supplement group (P =0.007).

It seems that caffeine can improve blood glucose level, insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity in rats with type 2 diabetes. Also, HIIT exercises can reduce insulin resistance and be used as an intervention in diabetes.

Non-Adherence is the biggest barrier for blood pressure control in the elderly. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of peer education on Diet adherence among elderly hypertensive client.

This study is a randomized clinical trial performed in health centers affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The Seventy-four years old people with hypertension were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. In intervention group, 45-minute training sessions with standard educational package are provided by peer for other elderly once a week for 6 weeks. In control group, the routine training package of health centers was hold by nurse for old people with hypertension for 45minute six sessions. A researcher-made questionnaire on diet Adherence was completed before the intervention, the end and also 3 and 6 weeks after the end of the training sessions. Data analysis was performed by SPSS with descriptive and statistical test.

The score of adherences to diet regimen was 31.38±1.55 and 27.54±1.75 in six weeks after the end of intervention, respectively. Man-Whitney test showed significant difference in score adherence to diet regimen at the end of the intervention, 3 and 6 weeks later in both groups (p<0.001). Also, Man-Whitney test showed significant difference between mean blood pressure changes in two groups during the study (p<0.001).

Employing peers can improve and upgrade adherence to treatment in older people with hypertension. Managers can help to improve the adherence to treatment and cost saving by employing peers of older people with hypertension.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers of the male urinary system and is also the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. In the present study, the effects of Stichodactyla haddoni on the viability of prostate cancer cells (PC3) were investigated.

In the semi experimental study, sea anemones were sampled at random using an identification key. Then concentration of crude mucus obtained from S. haddoni sea anemone was carried out by acetone. The PC3 cells treated with different concentrations of crude mucus (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 µg/ml) and Doxorubicin anticancer drug (0.06, 0.25 and 0.5 μg/ml) as a positive control for 24 and 48h. The effect of treatments on cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. The IC50 of crude mucus was calculated after 24 and 48 h.

The inhibitory effects of the crude mucus of S. haddoni was increased with the growth of PC3 cells with escalating the dosage and treatment time (24 and 48h). The Doxorubicin anticancer drug induced the highest cytotoxicity at different concentrations, which was similar to the concentration of 100 and 120 µg/ml of crude mucus.

The crude mucus of S. haddoni has cytotoxic and growth inhibitory effects on PC3 cancer cells, therefore, it can be considered as an appropriate candidate for the development of anticancer drugs.

Due to a constant contact of dentists and patients with water and aerosols generated from the dental units, the quality of dental unit waters is very important. This study aimed to evaluate bacterial contamination of dental unit water lines in Zahedan in 2016-2017.

In this descriptive analytical study, 2304 water samples from four parts of unit including cup filler, water spray, turbine duct, cavitroon and a sample from city water reservoir were collected. Water samples were taken on Saturday and Wednesday, before and after treatment on the same unit. Samples were transported in closed sterile containers to microbiology laboratory. All samples were incubated on Standard Method Handbook. Then, the grown colonies were counted in term of growth of heterotrophic bacteria. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney statistical tests were used for data analysis.

Total means bacterial count was 191.96±184.32 colonies per milliliter (CFU/mL). Mean bacterial contamination on Saturday 209.98±194.56 (CFU/mL) was more severe than that of Wednesday 173.94±171.67 (CFU/mL). Mean bacterial contamination before treatment 178.78±174.23 (CFU/mL) was less than the end of treatment 205.14±193.07 (CFU/mL). Also, mean bacterial contamination of turbines and cavitroon after flushing was decreased significantly (P < 0/05). Mean bacterial contamination on Saturday and Wednesday was also decreased significantly (P < 0.05).

Due to high contamination of Dental Unit Water Lines, the dentists must be aware of the high level of microorganisms in the dental unit's water and take preventive strategies to minimize the risk of infection in both staff and patients.

Particulate matters are of the most important air pollutants, particularly in large cities, having harmful effects on the human’s health and the environment. The present study aimed to investigate of the relationship between meteorological parameters with PM2.5 changes using AQI index in Mashhad from 2014 to 2016.

This study is cross-sectional. Data related to concentration of PM2.5 were collected from the Monitoring Center of Environmental Pollutants of Mashhad, and the meteorological parameters were obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology of Razavi Khorasan Province. Then, the obtained data were analyzed in terms of Air Quality Index using SPSS 20 and Excel software.

The study result indicated that PM2.5 concentration changes were significant from 2014 to 2016, but the trend was not constant. The average annual concentration of this pollutant in 2014, 2015 and 2016 was 29.26 ± 19.49, 25.88 ±15.89 and 30.30 ±38.86 µg/m3, respectively. Results also demonstrated a negative correlation between wind speed and PM2.5 concentration. However, there was no significant relationship between this pollutant and other meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall).

Occurrence of more inversion in cold seasons, wind speed, south-east-north-west prevailing winds, and transmission of pollutants in the east and south-east industries to Mashhad are among the factors associated with the volatility of this pollutant, thereby requiring integrated management to reduce the concentration of this pollutant.

Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is used for storing, retrieving and displaying medical images and transmitting electronic reports. One of the important factors in accepting this system is users. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the users' views on the benefits of using picture archiving and communication system (PACS) in hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016. The population of study was 88 users of the picture archiving and communication system in five educational hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by content analysis and its reliability was tested by test-retest method. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics in the SPSS v.16 software.

The results of this study showed that in relation to organizational performance improvement indices, 46 users (60.6%, very high and high) stated that with the entry of the picture archiving and communication system, hospital costs would be reduced. About the indices of entering the picture archiving and communication system in the radiology department, 49 participants (64.5%, very high and high) of people stated that with the help of this system, the feasibility of teleradiology is provided.

The results of this study showed that the most important advantages of using the PACS were cost reduction, feasibility of tele radiology, and improvement of quality and efficiency in health care from views of users. Providing the necessary infrastructure for successful implementation of this technology is recommended.

Tachykinin peptide family is one of the largest peptide families in animals that has been first discovered in the gastrointestinal tract about 70 years ago and isolated for the first time from the small intestine and brain. Up to now, more than 40 tachykinins have been extracted from invertebrates (insects, worms and fungi) and vertebrates (skin, gastro-intestinal duct, central nervous system and peripheral nervous system). Herein we reviewed the structure, function, and role of tachykinins and their receptors in pathophysiology of main systems in human body.

Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed databases were used in this work. The search was performed using tachykinins, neurokinin receptors, neuropeptide, and tachykinin receptors as key words from 1985 to 2018.

Mammalian tachykinins have a similar structural pattern and belong to the G protein superfamily that are derived from two pre-protachykinin genes (PPT-A and PPT-B) and exert their biological effects through binding to specific protein receptors, called neurokinin receptors. The secondary and principal effects of tachykinins depend on the activation of various receptors in the body. In addition to their role in central and peripheral nervous systems as neurotransmitter, tachykinins and their receptors play important roles in interaction among neuromuscular, respiratory, cardiovascular, immune, endocrine, digestive and urogenital systems.

Regarding the diversity of physiological functions, the involvement of tachykinins can be expected in the etiology of many diseases and their processes such as pulmonary edema, pain, sleep deprivation, depression, stress, Parkinson's disease, gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases and inflammatory processes of the neuromuscular and neurogenic systems.