نشریه مدیریت ورزشی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 45، تابستان 1398)

The objective of this research was analysis and modeling the effecting factors and variables on the sports development in state universities of Iran. The Research methodology was type of survey - correlational. The statistical population consisted of all the physical education instructors, administrators and experts in the domain of university sports (governmental sectors). The statistical samples was selected to the number of Can be sufficient for structural equation modeling and to way purposefully and accessible. (n=328). A research tools were including the Library study, Interview (semi-guided) and researcher made questionnaire (112 items). After confirmation of conceptual validity of instruments by 17 university experts, its reliability coefficient (95%), and construct validity was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and fit indicators of modeling. The data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Friedman (SPSS20) tests; and modeling structural equations (Amos20). The Path analysis indicated that the environmental factors had positive and significant effect to the management of sport development (0.91), individual factors (0.77), development resource (0.62) and sport participation development (0.07) and to respectively effect Coefficients. Also, the managing sport development factor was positive and significant effect to the sport participation development (0.95), individual factors (0.73) and resource development (0.37) in order effect Coefficients. It seems that in process of development of college sports; the environmental factors has the antecedents and key effector role on process of management of sport development, resource development and individual factors; that the outcome is growing students sport development.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of sport and sport diplomacy development in advancing sociocultural policies and foreign relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Qualitative research methodology was applied. 20 sport experts who had considerable international and management experiences in the field of sport were selected by purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation. Then the required data were obtained using unstructured exploratory interviews. Different coding methods including open, selective and distinctive were used and the data were analyzed and interpreted in terms of the study aims and questions. The results revealed different challenges and weaknesses including lack of clear policies, lack of required knowledge and awareness in this field, and lack of knowledge about potential capacities in sport - culture diplomacy. In the end, some recommendations and measures to realize sport diplomacy goals through hosting international events, participation in international events, dispatching coaches and athletes, national media context, using sport stars and elites, and purposeful membership in international communities were offered.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of workplace discrimination on mental health and job performance among employers of Sport and Youth offices in Kermanshah province. The population of this study consists of all employers of the Sport and Youth offices of Kermanshah province and it equal to 210 persons that all persons were selected as research sample which finally 198 questionnaires were analyzed. To collect data, questionnaires of Pascoe & Richman (2009) workplace discrimination, Backer (2008) mental health and Bobbin & Boles (2004) job performance were used. To analyze data and identify the effects of research variables, structural equation modeling with the use of LIZREL software was applied. The results indicate that workplace discrimination had negative and significant effect on mental health and job performance of employers of the Sport and Youth offices of Kermanshah province. With respect to the results of study, it can be concluded that workplace discrimination can lead to decrease employers’ mental health and job performance. Therefore, it can be suggested that the managers of Sport and Youth offices in Kermanshah province by eliminating workplace discrimination, enhancing mental health and job performance of their employers.

Sports participation in addition to have undeniable consequences on human health as well as has many positive social consequences. In addition to sports participation can be influenced by social variables. This research has been studied the effect of social capital and its component (including social security, social trust, social belonging, social interaction, social participation, social support and adherence to social norms) on the sports participation of teenage boys and girls at Jam township in 2016. According to the stratified multi-stage and cluster sampling 350 boy and girl students that studying at the first and second high school were selected and has been studied. The results show that sports participation rates for teenage boys are significantly higher than teenage girls. Results from structural models indicate that social capital has a significant and positive effect on the boy and girl sports participation in general. The result of multiple regression for components of social capital indicates that among the components of social capital, social participation has greatest impact on sports participation rate of boy teenage. Social participation and social support variables have the greatest impact on sports participation of teenage girls respectively.

The aim of this study was to investigate general decision making styles in sport managers.The statistical population consistedof 237 sport managers from Isfahan province. The sample size was determined based on Krejcie and Morgan table (n=144) by stratified random sampling method. For data collection, Scott and Bruce (1995) questionnaire was used in 25 items and 5 criterions: intuitive style, dependent style, rational style, avoidance style, and spontaneous style. Face, content and construct validity of this questionnaire and also its reliabilitywere approved. For data analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation and Friedman statistical testes and also two methods of multiple objective decision making methods (GTOPSIS and GSAW) were used. Results showed that rational, intuitive, and avoidance styles were dominant in sport managers’ general decision making styles. Dependent and spontaneous styles were less used by these managers. Among sport managers’ general decision making styles, there was a significant and positive relationship between rational and intuitive styles. There was a significant and negative relationship between rational and spontaneous styles and also between intuitive and spontaneous styles.

A special type of transfer, withdrew from the event. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between identity and social support network team to retire from professional football’s problems and provide a suitable model in this field. Population was professional players who hold more than five years from the date of their retirement.384 football players formed the final sample. Retiring from professional sports questionnaire Ceicic (2003) was used for data collection. Structural equation modeling results indicated that athletic identity with personal problems had significant positive correlation with the standard ratio is (0.21). But athletic identity with, social and professional problems showed no significant relationship. Structural equation modeling results indicated that social support network and no significant direct relationship with individual problems. However, the social network has a significant relationship with psychological, social and standard problems (0.25), as well as with professional problems with standard coefficient (0.21). In general, in order to reduce the personal, professional and psychosocial problems of footballers, two players of the social support network and sports identity should be considered.

The aim of study is modeling the organizational and human factors of knowledge management maturity based on business in sport of Iran. This research has been conducted with a functionalistic approach and using a survey method; hence it is non-test type. This research is Based on the objective, it is also applicable at the first stage, in the second stage it is evaluated and in the third stage it is a type of research and development. The statistical population of the study was all elite sports management and experts in the general administration sports and youth of the country. Data collection tool was library studies and questionnaire. The Jamipour et al (2014) standard questionnaire of knowledge management maturity indicators along with business strategies was used. Analysis of data was performed by using the SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that the greatest impact was on participation and engagement of staff; training management procedures; evaluating the performance of knowledge management; knowledge management processes and activities. The findings showed that all four dimensions of people, support and organizational infrastructure, evaluations and processes, and the flow of knowledge management have a significant effect in business. According to the results, it can be said that efficient knowledge management allows employees to interact and participate in sports departments, be in touch and keep up-to-date on the details of their work branch. Keywords: Business, Knowledge Management, Maturity of Knowledge Management, Organizational and human factors, Sport.

The purpose of this study was the investigation of effective factors on customers’ satisfaction of Mashhad city sports places based on IPA model. The population of this study included all Customers of Mashhad city sports facilities. Out of which 396 person were chosen by convenience sampling. The questionnaire that was designed by investigator used for data collection.This questionnaire included 13 factors and 55 questions. The research results showed 13 factors affecting on the customers’ satisfaction, 6 factors among males and 7 factors among females were in the lower priority area, 6 factors among males and 2 factors among females were in the concentrate here area and 1 factor among males and 4 factors among females were in the keep up the good work. The factors that have been in the lower priority area are not threatening for the system operation and don’t require immediate correction. The factors that have been in the concentrate here area, requires immediate reform and in this respect have high priority. Finally, the factors that have been in the keep up the good work area not only are important for the customers but also satisfied with their performance.

Today internet and sport websites users have increased because of delivering the important information about the organizations, products, teams, and players. This study aims to deliver a model of the effective factors on sport websites usage. In this descriptive – correlational study, 258 participants selected from among physical education students of University of Kurdistan based on census method. Data collected through a standard, valid and reliable questionnaire which is suitable for paper’s objectives. Data analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics by Spss20 and Amos22 software. It is concluded that the final model is suitable for delivering the factors which are effective on sport websites usage. So model’s variables are good determinants in usage of sport websites

The exchange rate is one of the most important factors in determining the domestic price of imported goods. Iran's economy has always been affected by the exchange rate fluctuations, and thus the industry of sports goods, which is one of the most important cultural, social and welfare industries, is not excluded. The role and importance of foreign trade in the development process has always been an issue for economists. Import is one of the key sectors of international trade. The present research is a theoretical and applied research and is descriptive-analytic in terms of its method. The method of collecting statistics and information in this study is documentary and library. To determine the number of statistical population of the present study, at first, the share of goods in the 66 countries (according to the current statistics of Iran) was calculated for the period of 5 years (1389-1389). Then, based on the average trade share, the first 20 first countries The share of sport imports into Iran was selected as the sample, respectively, with the share of sporting imports: China 21.2, United Arab Emirates 0.44, Turkey 0.36, Germany 12.0, Japan 11/0 , Indonesian 109/0, Italy 107/0, Bulgaria 0.046, France 045/0, Austria 035/0, Korea 024/0, Hong Kong 02/0, Switzerland 01/0, Netherlands 01/0, Spain 008 / 0, India 007/0, Slovakia 006/0, Czech Republic 005/0, Singapore 0054/0 and England 0046/0 Explanatory variables of the research were collected from the Anctat website, the IMF, the World Trade Organization and the World Bank. For data analysis, the Eviews 9 software was used. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the exchange rate and the price index of imported sports goods in Iran, and the rate of exchange rate on the index of prices of sports goods of Iran and commercial partners is incomplete. The results also show that the fixed currency system has a positive and significant effect on the price index of imports of sporting goods. So that the rate of exchange rate exchange on the index of prices of imports of sporting goods in the fixed currency system was 0.43 and the floating exchange system was 0.41. Also, GDP, final cost of business partners and commercial openness have a positive and significant effect on the price index of imports of sporting goods. The fixed currency regime has increased the rate of exchange rate on the price of import of sporting goods. Therefore, it is recommended that the floating exchange rate regime be reduced by the degree of passage of the exchange rate.Since the degree of openness of the economy has had a positive and significant impact on the price index of imported sports goods, it is suggested that the country's economic policy makers move towards a resistance economy and the replacement of domestic commodities rather than foreign goods while increasing their trade volume and trade With trading partner countries, sporting goods in transitional work will help change the exchange rate on the price of imports of sporting goods. In other words, if the goal of the country's policy makers is to support the domestic products of sporting goods, it would be better to increase the import volume by increasing the volume of trade (the degree of openness), so that the demand for imported sports goods decreases and demand for indoor sports goods will increase. Also, in central bank policy, the exchange rate should be considered for sports goods if it is aimed at supporting domestic producers of sporting goods.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on occupational stress and burnout among male employees of Islamic Azad University, Qorveh branch. The statistical population consisted of all male employees of the university. 22 employees who expressed their readiness to participate in the study were selected as the sample by purposive sampling method. Subjects were divided into experimental (n=12) and control (n=10) groups after matching on the basis of variables affecting occupational stress and burnout. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest in an experimental group and a control group. Ouyang Job Stress Questionnaire (2009) and Maslach Job Burnout (2001) were used to collect data. Reliability and validity of these questionnaires were confirmed in previous studies. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics including Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and independent t test were used. The findings showed a significant difference in the changes of occupational stress and burnout between the experimental and control groups (t value=3.53 and 9.69 respectively) (P=0.01). Regarding the effect of aerobic training on the occupational stress and burnout of employees and the very low need for these types of training to special facilities and the simplicity and lack of complexity of these types of training, dean of Islamic Azad University, Qorveh branch as well as other similar organizations are recommended to have aerobic training in their employees' working schedules.