مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 8 (پیاپی 156، آبان 1398)

Introduction This note addresses the scientific study of behavioral changes caused by Toxoplasma. About a third of the world's population is infected with the chronic form of the parasite, which is usually asymptomatic and causes severe symptoms only in the presence of the parasite in the eye and nervous system. The study of behavioral changes caused by this parasite has begun since the 1980s and continues to this day. According to the results of these studies, infected men and women exhibit behavioral and personality changes. The mechanism of these changes is still unclear, but there are hypotheses about it that are under evaluation.

The scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is extensive and good knowledge about OMFS among different healthcare providers will be essential for referral of the patient. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of general physicians of Yazd Province about the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

In this cross-sectional study, 112 general physicians of Yazd Province in 2017 were randomly selected. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire included personal information (years of graduation, work experience and university) and one knowledge question (16 parts) from referral to specialists. Data analysis was performed using statistical software SPSS 17 and T-test.

The mean scores of physicians' knowledge about the oral and maxillofacial surgery were 13.22 ± 2.68 of 16 scores. There was no significant correlation between the years of graduation, work experience, university, with knowledge of referral to the oraland maxillofacial surgeon.

The findings of this study showed that knowledge of general physicians in Yazd about the role of oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the management of injuries and oral and maxillofacial problems is high.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is known as a metabolic, reproductive and ovarian degeneration disorder. Pro12 Ala mutation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) gene as a transcription factor is linked to disorder of glucose and infertility. In the patients with type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome, metformin is the recommended first-line treatment. The aim of this study was evaluation of pharmacokinetics of metformin and the patients genotype for Pro12 Ala polymorphism.

In this study, 100 women with PCOS and 100 healthy women were evaluated. Plasma levels of the FSH and LH were evaluated before and after metformin consumption in the patients.The Pro12 Ala polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLP analysis.

Two patients carried GG homozygous recessive. There was no significant difference in genotypes between the healthy and patient women. There was a significant difference in plasma levels of LH, FSH and testosterone before and after treatment with metformin but there was no relationship between genotype and response to metformin (p-value = 0.59).

Considering to this research, there is no relationship between Pro12 Ala polymorphism and metformin response in the patients, but the response to metformin for the regulation and improvement ovulation hormones in many patients is satisfactory.

Tuberculosis is one of the most important public health problems, especially in developing countries. The global burden of tuberculosis ranks in the 10th Stopping the tuberculosis epidemic in 2030 is one of the goals of sustainable development. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of the disease, changes in the incidence of tuberculosis and its effective factors over a decade in Yazd Province.

In this descriptive study, data from the TBC system that was collected in the county were used. The data of the patients identified during the years 2005-2014 based on patients' care records in the province of Yazd were extracted by census and analyzed using SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; version 16 software. The population base for calculating the incidence, population census and housing data and for the years between them has been based on the Center's statistics estimate

The total number of tuberculosis cases identified in the study period was 1398 ones. The mean of the incidence of tuberculosis during the years 2005-2014 in Yazd Province was 13/5 per 100,000 people. The incidence of disease in women 14/3 per hundred thousand) was significantly higher than the male / 14/1 per hundred thousand). The difference between the incidence of TB in urban and rural areas was statistically significant (13/5 versus 18/3 per hundred thousand). Patients with positive sputum pulmonary tuberculosis had a successful treatment of 78.5 %. The success rate of treatment in women (90/7%) was significantly higher than males) 79/5%) and in urban populations (85/1%) compared with rural populations (84/2%).

Regarding the lower success rate of treatment in Yazd Province, the country's average, as well as the target's goal, is to strengthen the disease-care system in non-Iranians, to further monitor the implementation of the DOTS strategy and to have effective communication with private sector physicians for compliance with the National Counter-Terrorism Protocol with tuberculosis, an effective step in controlling the disease and eventually removing it until 2050 AD.

Introduction Pomegranate is a rich source of phytochemicals with high antioxidant effects, which has therapeutic effects in traditional and modern medicine. Pomegranate is effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, inflammatory diseases, infectious and microbial diseases, neurological disorders and immunity. Today the role of pomegranate in various stages of cancer has also been proven. Since breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women, this study examined the effect of pomegranate in breast cancer. The articles used from the PubMed database were selected selectively using the words "pomegranate" or "Punica grantum" and "breast cancer". The results of studies have shown that pomegranate compounds can affect different stages of cancer in different ways, including: inhibiting aromatases, inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymeseffects on heat shock proteins, transcriptional leukocyte zipper transcription factor, transcription factors of specific proteins, cell cycle .Also, it has been shown in some studies that pomegranate compounds canaffect different stages of cancerthroughanti-estrogenic activity, effect on 27-hydroxycholic cholesterol, changes in α and β estrogen receptors, Wnt / β-catenin signaling pathway, cancer cell adhesion and migration, effects on cytochrome p450, Caspase cascade, apoptosis and other pathways.

One of the most important signs of general health is oral health. Many systemic diseases have oral manifestations that could be appeared in the oral cavity at first. Therefore, considering the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of oral lesions. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in the patients admitted to Yazd ShahidSadoughi Hospital.

In this cross sectional study, 443 hospitalized patients were clinically evaluated for oral mucosal lesions. All of the abnormal variations in oral mucosa in these patients, demographic data, type & location of oral lesion, existence of denture & smoking were documented. Data were analyzed by SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; Version 19 was analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher exact tests.

Oral lesions were observed in 37.7% of patients. The most common type of lesion was related to red and white lesions, which was seen in 19.1% of patients.  Palate was the common location for red and white lesions. Most of vesiculobollous lesions were observed in the hard palate and tongue. The lesions rate increased with aging. Among the lesions, only pigmented lesions were significantly higher in males.

Regarding the high prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in admitted patients, the importance of more attention to oral cavity for timely diagnosis and referral in the routine examination is emphasized.

The prevalence of sexual disorders is high among women with multiple sclerosis in the world. Sexual dysfunction is considered as one of the effective psychological factors on self-concept sexual function. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relation between sexual self-concept and sexual distress in women with multiple sclerosis.

The present descriptive correlational study was conducted on 115 married women with multiple sclerosis who were selected using convenient sampling method. Study population for the present study contained all the married women with multiple sclerosis who referred to ShahidSadoughi Hospital of Yazd in 2017. Data gathering tools were multi-dimensional sexual self-concept questionnaire and revised female sexual distress scale by DeRogatis. Achieved data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients.

Results showed that the mean scores of positive, negative, situational sexual self-concept were respectively 94.62 ± 30.30, 29.57 ± 10.89, and 36.91 ± 12.58 and the mean score of sexual distress was 13.82 ± 13.18. Furthermore, a reverse significant relation existed between the positive sexual self-concept of the married women and their sexual distress (p < 0.05) and a direct significant relation existed between the negative sexual self-concept and sexual distress (p < 0.05); but no significant relation was found between situational sexual self-concept and sexual distress (p > 0.05).

Results of the present study showed that married women with multiple sclerosis who had a positive sexual self-concept would experience less sexual distress. Therefore, sexual self-concept could be a predictor of sexual distress in women.

Acute hepatitis has several causes. Transfusion of non-infected blood to the virus and avoidance of undesirable social contacts have reduced the prevalence of hepatitis B and C transmission. Improved socioeconomic status and access to healthy food and water have also reduced the prevalence of hepatitis E and A. The transition from Hyper Endimicity to Intermediate or Low Endimicity has increased the incidence of acute Hepatitis A especially in adults. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological status of patients with acute liver hepatitis referred to the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd from 2015 to 2018

This cross-sectional study was performed on the patients referring to the gastrointestinal clinic of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital from 2015 to 2018. The sampling method was that after rule out chronic liver disease according to medical history and patient lab data, the patients imported to the category of acute liver disease. SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL; version 16 was used to determine the prevalence of each type of acute hepatitis.

23 patients were diagnosed with acute hepatitis, 14 were male and 9 were female. Hepatitis A was found in 15 patients, 2 patients had acute hepatitis B, 2 patients had autoimmune hepatitis, and 4 patients had other causes for hepatitis.

65% of patients in this study had acute hepatitis A. Therefore, acute hepatitis A is one of the important factors in the development of acute liver disease study and is therefore one of the important factors in the development of acute liver disease.