نشریه آینه پژوهش
سال سی‌ام شماره 5 (پیاپی 179، آذر و دی 1398)

As a theologian and defender of religion, Ja›far Morteza has his own methods and efforts, and thus, continues the long history of theology in Shia. What the author intends in this article to examine is his emergence as a Shiite theologian in a new way that matches the present conditions. In order to achieve this goal, after speaking about the historical theological tradition in the Shia, he talks about Ja›far Morteza›s role in this field and cites a few examples of his theological efforts and his model of reasoning about them.

One of the major challenges of religious historiography is how to combine non-biased scientific and objective historiography with religious beliefs, especially about the lives of the infallibles (AS). It seems that if the notion of the history›s being theological is properly understood, many of the disagreements will be resolves. To this end, the author first discusses multiple interpretation of the relationship between theology and history, and then points out the necessity of compatibility of the historical document and some definitive assumptions in the view of Allameh Jafar Morteza Ᾱmali. Next, by categorizing Allameh Jafar Morteza›s view on theological presuppositions of reviewing a historical document, the author states the obvious primacy of definitive theological presuppositions over the document›s contents.

In the forthcoming article, the author examines Ja›far Morteza Ᾱmali›s views on the environment and nature while emphasizing on the animals› rights and being kind to them. To this end, he first explores Allame›s general view on the urban environment, and then explores the issue of animals› rights and kindness with them and expresses Ja›far Morteza Amali›s views on this subject through his other works such as al-Sahih men Sira al-Nabi al-A›zam. Finally, the author states some general features of the animals, such as their morality, wisdom and worshipping from Ja›far Morteza›s point of view, and presents his reflections on the Prophet and the infallible Imams› hadiths about kindness to animals in the form of 113 points.

Allameh Ja›far Morteza has many criteria for evaluating historical reports. What is most important among these criteria is his theological beliefs. Like many historical writings based on religious beliefs, his writings are not unaffected by his theological beliefs. What follows is a brief look at the impact of Allame›s theological beliefs on the narration and criticism of historical accounts with an emphasis on the issue of infallibility. The author attempts to answer these question: what historical accounts have been compiled in Allama›s historical books under the influence of his theological beliefs, what have been the effective theological beliefs through history, and which parts of the historical reports have been influenced by these beliefs and hence ignored?

One of the problems with the science of history is the disagreement between different accounts of the historical events .In order to distinguish the true story from the false ones ,the historians have to have a critical and scientific look at the narratives .In order to recognize and analyze the reasons of the decline of Islam, Ibn Khaldun ,the innovative historian who died in 808 AH ,.developed a new approach regarding the historical methodology ;and by criticizing the historian of the narrative history ,he introduced a new methodology in historiography and critiques of accurate news .The other historian discussed here is Seyyed Ja›far Morteza Ᾱmeli ,born in 1364 in Eit al-Jabal village in Lebanon and died in1441 AH ,.who discussed how to select the accurate news .The purpose of this paper is to compare the criteria for identifying the correct news from the false news from the point of view of Ibn Khaldun and Seyyed Ja›far Morteza Ᾱmali ,which will be studied in a descriptive and analytical manner .Although Ibn Khaldun›s historical methodology is explained in the introduction ,he does not meet his standards in the general historiography of Islam in Al-Abar. However ,Sayyid Ja›far Morteza has stated his methodology in the first volume of al-Sahih ,and he remains committed to his standards.

Ᾱmeli, one of the Imamiya contemporary biography (sira) writers in al-Sahih men Sirat al-Imam Ali, has a special theory in criticizing and assessing the historical-hadith accounts. This theory is based on the principles that form the basis of his theory in criticism; it has also brought about some achievements for Ᾱmeli regarding writing the biography of Imam Ali (AS). The main issue of this research is the retrieval and analysis of the principles and functions of criticism theory in al-Sahih men Sirat al-Imam Ali (AS). The most important features of this criticism theory are its being holistic, moderate, authentic, prudent, and Qur›an-centric. Editing the scripture, defending the virtues, responding to the doubts, being innovative, and studying the doctrines are among the functions of Ᾱmeli›s criticism theory in writing the biography of Ali (AS). The result of the research is to emphasize on Ᾱmeli›s methodological approach to al-Sira›s criticism and to describe the dimensions of analytic-critical biography writing in al-Sahih men Sirat al-Imam Ali (AS).

Allameh Sayyid Ja›far Morteza Ᾱmali is a prominent Shiite scholar who started a new way in historical research by writing the book Al-Sahih men Sirat al-Nabi al-A-› zam .Despite some criticisms about his theological approach ,he has paved the way for the researchers by presenting a new research method .History ,in the eyes of Allameh ,is an independent science with its own research methods ,the results and achievements of which can be used to consolidate beliefs and to dispel doubts and deficiencies in various religious doctrines ,especially the history of the life of the Infallibles .He was realistic and objective in his historical studies ,with neither an overly pessimistic view of history nor an optimistic one .He considered the Qur›an as the most important criterion that should be invoked in understanding the Sira( biography )of the Prophet and the Imams and the stories of the ancestors .He believed that his main purpose in dealing with history was to fulfill the duty of achieving the truths of the life of the Prophet( peace be upon him )and the Imams( AS ,)to uncover the ambiguity and complexity of their lives ,and to discover many distortions and inaccuracies in the hadiths which were exposed to different dangers such as being forged by some simple-minded people .All in all ,he views history in the service of humanity and the aspirations of a human society based on religious values and standards .The ijtihadi approach to historical research should be regarded as the most important characteristic of Allama .This approach requires extensive scrutiny ,careful evaluation of historical narratives and statements ,finding out about the conditions ,the time ,and place of events ,and a broad and deep acquaintance with the historical sources .His other characteristic in his research is that he gathers and compiles the information in a categorical and typological way in order to reveal the forged historical reports and the deceitful writers who did that .Therefore ,in order to get rid of such deviations ,he states some rules and criteria which help us recognize the true accounts.

In this article ,the author takes a look at Ja›far Morteza›s criteria in evaluating the documents related to Imam Hussein›s( AS )Sira by relying on the narrations of Ashura. Regarding this ,he has first made an overview of Sirat al-Hossein fi al-Hadith va al-Tārikh ,and presents the titles of the six sections of the book along with its included chapters and its volumes in the form of a table. Following this ,he describes some of the most important criticism criteria and evaluation of historical hadiths and scriptures in the book ,such as the authenticity of the document ,the validity of the source of the hadiths, and so on.

What history is and on what basis it is validated are two of the fundamental questions in the philosophy of history that have received many answers .Today ,scholars of the field have largely agreed that firstly ,the history of a knowledge is the collection of regular knowledge about a phenomenon( discipline ;)and secondly ,it is based on a well-defined or systematically defined model or a more defensible approach .Professor Ᾱmeli is one of the scholars of this field who has had a great contribution in introducing the early history of Islam with a traditional approach at universities and Seminary school although his findings and research method can be reviewed critically .In order to make his research concerns easier to understand, this article is going to present the story of a meeting with him and a conversation about his history studying

To introduce the personality and scholarly works of Ja›far Morteza Ᾱmeli ,the author divides his works into different groups of books explaining the correct traditions of the infallibles ,works in defense of Shiite characters ,writing in refuting historical issues ,interpreting suras ,and some works on the social issues .In each category ,he also mentions the books› names.