مجله پژوهش های کاربردی روانشناختی
سال دهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1398)

The present study aimed to compare the effects of parent management training and parenting acceptance and commitment therapy on externalizing behavior problems among preschool children. The research method was semi-experimental including pretest-posttest design and a control group. The research population consisted of all mothers with preschool children with externalizing behavior problems in Najafabad. The statistical sample included 45 mothers who were voluntarily selected regarding entrance criteria and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Independent variables were parent management training and parenting acceptance and commitment therapy that were held during 10 sessions (each session lasted 90 minutes), while the control group received no intervention. The research instrument was Eyberg´ Child Behavior Inventory. The results of the repeated measures variance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the scores of behavior problems have decreased significantly in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Also, there was a significant difference between the effects of parenting acceptance and commitment therapy and parent management training (p<0.01). It could be concluded that parenting interventions may be helpful for children’s externalizing behavior problems and can be used for educational workshops or parenting counseling.

The purpose of this study was to examine the viewpoints of teachers, parents, school counselors and students towards resilient school. For this purpose, 120 subjects (30 teachers, 30 students, 30 parents and 30 counselors) were selected randomly cluster from Tehran. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, which was compiled and implemented for four groups in different indicator. In order to analyze the data obtained from the interview; a theoretical coding method was used which in this study included open coding based on the extracted categories from the study of research theoretical bases, axial coding and selective coding. The results of the interviews showed that the factors affecting the formation of resilient school were identified in three groups of factors focused on different elements of the school, the individual and the family. Investigating related research also showed that mainly two categories of internal and external protection factors were involved in studying the factors affecting the formation of resilient school. The most important factors of the school were the effective relationship teacher- students, physical space, appropriate psychosocial atmosphere and social support.

The goal of the present study was to explore some implication of nostalgia as a non-moral emotion for facilitation of empathy as a moral emotion. As well as finding out the method that can be utilized to have more nostalgic feeling in order to have more empathy. Doctoral and graduate student of Shiraz University were the statistical population of this research. 71 students (34 females, 37 males) participated in this research. Participants were divided into two groups (30 memory, 41nostalgic) by random assignment and responded to manipulation check (MCHI) and empathy action situation test (EAMT). The result showed that reminiscences intervention versus ordinary intervention has good effect in having nostalgia. Also, nostalgic group was significantly different on empathy situations. Role of gender was not significant. Role of personal justification nearly confirmed and showed that nostalgic group has more tendency to empathy and other-oriented justification.

Previous research have shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) enhances individuals’ cognitive performance. Executive function, particularly selective attention, is one of the fundamental parts of cognitive performances. Neuro-imaging studies indicated proved the role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in selective attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rTMS on healthy individuals’ performance executing stroop task. Thirty healthy subjects received one session of high-frequency rTMS on their left DLPFC. They were instructed to perform stroop task before and after stimulation. The results showed that response time to congruent stimuli decreased significantly in active group. No significant change was observed in incongruent trials. The findings verified the role of left DLPFC on top-down attentional control. It could be concluded that administering rTMS on individuals’ left DLPFC can result in positive effect on selective attention.

The main objective of this research is to identify effective drivers for creating psychological health in the workplace, with emphasizing the role of social capital. The approach of this study is mixed and applied in terms of purpose and it is a descriptive-survey method. At first, a conceptual framework was developed using exploratory interview and theme analysis, then, using PSQ, HWO and PCQ questionnaires by structural equation modeling the test was made. In the exploratory interview phase, 18 experts in the field of human resources have been used. At the stage of model analysis, the statistical population consisted of 126 managers, deputies and experts in the field of human resources of 10 government agencies and 14 private companies in Qom province, which according to Morgan Table 97 people were selected as samples. In the first step, the theme analysis, 156 codes of interviews were counted and in the following step 45 selective codes were obtained, which in the next steps included 9 sub themes and 3 main themes of "psychological capacity building", "psychology culture" and "psychological co-operation". The results showed that the effect of the mediating variable of social capital, through psychological co-operation, creates psychological health in the organization and work environment.

The purpose of the present study was to predict of perceived overtraining from competitive anxiety and drive for muscularity among male athletes. The statistical population of the present study 250 male athletes who were selected using accessible sampling from different sport fields (individual and group), and completed perceived overtraining, competitive anxiety and drive for muscularity questionnaires. Results of Pearson correlation and stepwise regression showed that perceived overtraining has a positive and significant correlation with cognitive and physical anxiety, and negative and significant correlation with self-confidence and drive for muscularity, respectively. In general, four variables such as physical anxiety, drive for muscularity, self-confidence, and cognitive anxiety predicted over 41% of the variance overtraining. Thus, our findings suggest that recognizing and monitoring of competitive anxiety and drive for muscularity in athletes play a key role in identifying perceived overtraining.

The present study aimed at probing the phenomenology of lived experiences of mothers of children with Down syndrome. The study employed a qualitative approach on the based of phenomenological method. Sixteen participants were selected via a purposive sampling method from a population of mothers of students with Down syndrome in schools of children with special needs in Isfahan. The research instruments employed to collect data was the semi-structured interviewing technique. Interviews were listened to several times and their text was literally transcribed. To analyze the data, the Colaizzi method was used. After extracting the subjects and categorizing them, the findings included four main categories (impact on family, community status, parental concerns, and supportive networks) and 11 sub main themes. The relationship between these main themes and sub-themes was presented in the original article. Investigating the lived experiences of mothers of children with Down syndrome indicated that this group was affected by this phenomenon in a variety of ways, and these effects included positive and negative dimensions. The results of this research and similar studies can be used to develop therapeutic and educational interventions.

The purpose of the present study is to examine and compare the efficacy of two therapeutic approaches of cognitive-behavioural and acceptance and commitment on improving the emotional regulation and excessive responsibility as the main symptoms of Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). To achieve this goal, a quasi-experimental research method was used for pre-test, post-test with control group. The target population was 73 patients who were diagnosed with OCPD in 2017, of whom 45 were selected by targeted method and randomly assigned to two groups Experiments (therapeutic groups) and one control group (each group of 15 people). The research variables were evaluated based on difficulty of emotion regulating scale of Gratz and Roemer and the responsibility scale of the California Psychological Inventory in the pretest, posttest and follow up phases. The data obtained from variance analysis with repeated measures showed significant effect of both methods on each component of OCPD. Comparison of couples' paired groups by using Bonferroni test showed no significant difference between treatment groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that these treatments have no significant superiority despite the differences in stages and mechanisms. Meanwhile, a one-month follow-up to the results showed sustainability and strengthening.

Although social networking sites made several facilities, they have brought damages like addiction to use them. In this research the correlation of pathological use of these sites by mothers with their marital satisfaction, The relationship with their children and the behavioral Problems of their children was assessed by mixed method. In quantitative part 323 mothers who had preschool children were chosen by convenience sampling. The method of research was correlation. SPSS 16 and Amos were used to analysis data. The method in qualitative method was grounded theory and The instrument was semi-structured interview. The sample in this part was 17 mothers who were SNS addictive and were chosen by purposeful sampling and extreme case sampling. In order to analyze data theoretical coding was used by researcher. In whole the results of this research showed the relationship of pathological use of these networks specially dependence to them with low marital satisfaction, undesirable relationship with child and behavioral problems in children.