نشریه مطالعات زبان و ادبیات غنایی
پیاپی 32 (پاییز 1398)

The impact of the uprising of Karbala from the period of beginning the formation to the development and flourishing on Ashura poetry, with its lofty language and unique themes that eventually found its specific expressive style of spiritual verbal and with dramatic works worthy of attention and reliable provided an independent school a poetry. As a result Ashura poetry can be defined like this:Is poem about Imam Hussein and his loyal companions that composed in year 61 Hijri as the year of start this poetry.In this article, recent poets look in represent the symbols of Ashura event in their poetry and explaining the purpose of poetry composed in this case study in the world. In this paper , Ashura images in the works of poets such as Mousavi Garmaroudi, Qaisar Aminpoor, Kasraie, Moalem , Saghir , Moshfegh Kashani , Mardani have been analyzed and studied.

Ru'ba'yyat of Khayyami, as a representative of a tradition, has evolved throughout the centuries and years of Persian literature. Many poets in this wise tradition, formed in opposition to the deterministic thinker system, played a lot, and many morals were performed, but ultimately, the collection of these mental lesions, known as Hakim Khayyam, is called Neyshaburi. The type of thought that has been described and described in the form of Rubaiyat Khayyami has been continually imitated and followed by many poets including Mohammad Hossein Kebriayi, the prominent poet of the Nebhndani. By referring to the Ruba'iyat of Khayyami (as the later text), he has referred to various wisdom matters, including "the philosophy of the revolution of the world." In the present article, with the comparative approach and descriptive-analytical method, the manifestations of this influence and the possible innovations of the poet are considered. The results of the research indicate that the totality of what is described and represented in the Khayyami and Kebriayi are identical, and the continuity of the same tradition of scholarship in Quranic poetry is clearly seen, but what the poets of the poet give special privilege, the proper use of arrays The rhetoric is especially the likeness and metaphor and the use of indigenous terms in the Nehbandan area, which was used to simplify the process of perceiving the audience towards the details of the "philosophy of the revolution of the world."

Studies on the structure of romantic narratives in Persian literature show that a narrative grammar consisting of three elements of love, Beloved and lover, can be traced within the structure of this literary genre. Accordingly, one of the elements of expressing love in lyrical texts is "resorting to descriptions and images". But contemplation in lyrical texts of Persian literature suggests that such illustrations and descriptions are different, depending on the work being narrative or non-narrative as well as the views and attitudes of the poet. So the comparison of the descriptions in Saadi's ghazals with Nezami's Khosrow and Shirin (narrative text) clearly illustrates the fact., the study is to compare the descriptions in Saadi's ghazals with Nezami's Khosrow and Shirin. According to the results, the investigation of pictorial descriptions in Khosrow and Shirin and the descriptions of the beloved in Saadi's ghazals represent a dramatic transformation in Persian love poetry, which is more than anything else the result of changes in the attitudes and stylistic views of the two poets as well as the type of narration of the two literary works. Saadi mostly adheres to describing the apparent details and inner states of the beloved.

In his work “sharh-e- parishani”, VahshiyeBafghi explains his amorous relationship with his beloved. According to Freud’s Unconsciousness Theory, the poet ‘unconsciously’ elicits words and sentences unwittingly from his own ‘subconscious’ or ‘Id’ which reveals both his ‘Id’ and ‘inner self’ to us. However, the poet tries to control his ‘subconscious’ completely and conceal the reality of his ‘inner self’. Based on Freud assertion, this way he sends his desires to his ‘unconscious’ and pays the price of his being civilized. Following this track, the poet sometimes justifies his slip tongues through alluding to an old and sacred story. Vahshi’s efforts i.e. the conflict between ‘consciousness’ and ‘subconsciousness’ has led to an internal conflict in his poem which continues up to the end of the poem, and the poet is not able to release himself from this conflict and cannot come to an absolute conclusion. That is why he pours out his heart to the beloved in order to soften his heart and come to terms with him.

One of the most attractive themes in the literature of the constitutional era, which trapped the minds and language of that era's speakers, is the concept of freedom and patriotism. What they had never noticed before, and if they talked of liberty and patriotism, it was a purpose other than the ideas and aims of the contemporary art poets.In the present study, we analyze the nature and concept of freedom and patriotism in the poems of ArefQazvini and AbolqasemLahooti. The research dimensions of ArefQazvini and Lahooti, are about the words of the poems of the above poets, the purpose of this research is to extract and explain examples of its text that embody the concepts of freedom and patriotism. The statistical population and the sample size are the whole poetry of Aref and Lahooti. The research method is descriptive - analytic and the method of data collection is library. The data collection tool is the research fish and the method of data analysis is content analysis. The findings and results of this study are as follows: the emancipation of the people and the homeland from the yoke of the colonialists and the denial of tyranny, the patriotism and the liberty of the working class, the patriotism and the liberation of the working class, the rancor, the farmer and the poor, from the oppression whichwere imposed upon them by the masters and the rulers of the era.