مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 553 (هفته اول بهمن 1398)

 The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR) method on image quality and reduction of organ doses, effective dose, and carcinogenesis risk from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in 64-slice CT scan.

 This cross-sectional study was performed on two groups of patients. The first group consisted of 185 patients (90 women and 95 men; mean age: 55.65 ± 14.77 years) who underwent CCTA with the conventional filter back projection (FBP) reconstruction. The second group consisted of 172 patients (80 women and 92 men; mean age: 58.59 ± 11.22 years) who were tested using ASiR reconstruction. Organ doses, effective dose, and carcinogenic risk were compared between the groups. Moreover, image quality criteria including noise, contrast-to-noise ratio, signal-to-noise ratio, CT numbers of the left coronary artery, and left ventricle were compared between the groups.

 There were at least 40% reduction in the effective dose (11.94 ± 5.64 vs. 20.38 ± 6.84 mSv; P < 0.001) and risk of carcinogenesis (8.97 ± 4.71 vs. 16.09 ± 8.42 in 10,000 people; P < 0.001) between the FBP and AsiR methods. No significant differences were observed between image quality parameters in the two reconstruction methods (P > 0.050).

 The application of ASiR method compared to conventional FBP method can reduce the dose of organs, the effective dose, and the carcinogenic risk of CCTA without compromising the image quality.

 Multiple gestation increases complications in mother and baby. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neonates’ outcomes in multiple birth.

 This was a cross-sectional study performed on multiple births in Alzahra and Shahid Beheshti hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, during 2017. Data about neonates’ outcomes in multiple births as well as their mothers’ outcomes were gathered via a checklist, and analyzed.

 321 multiple birth were enrolled the study, in which, 130 cases were twins, 19 were triplets, and one was quadruplet. The frequencies of neonatal death and respiratory distress syndrome were less significantly in triplets and quadruplet than twins. Nevertheless, chronic lung disease and patent ductus arteriosus were significantly more prevalent in triplets and quadruplets than twins were.

 The frequency of neonatal death and respiratory distress syndrome were more in twins compared to triplets and quadruplets.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, especially in people with age of under 25 years. It is often caused due to lack of awareness and misconception. Given the precancerous role of this virus and the importance of its prevention, HPV vaccination has been considered in all countries; so it is necessary to improve the knowledge and attitude of adolescents. Therefore, awareness and attitudes among high-risk groups need to be improved, especially among the vulnerable teens. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effect of educational interventions on knowledge and attitude of adolescent girls about HPV vaccine.

All quantitative studies, which were published without time limit, were entered in this systematic review article. The investigation was performed in the English and national databases such. Keywords were as Knowledge, Attitudes, Papillomavirus Vaccines, Gardasil, and Intervention study combined with the Boolean OR and AND operators. Finally, two researchers independently reviewed the articles for the quality appraisal and extracted their main findings.

Finally, 21 articles with a total sample size of 10086 were entered the study. Articles were interventional types and were published from 2008 to 2019. Educational interventions were based on Health Belief Model, Peer Education Model, School-Based Interventions, and other Educational Interventions. The Health Belief Model and School-Based Interventions were the most common frameworks for designing educational interventions for the HPV vaccine among adolescents. In all studies, educational interventions had a positive effect on increasing adolescents' knowledge and attitude toward the HPV vaccine.

Educational interventions can lead to increased knowledge and attitudes towards HPV vaccine. Considering the effectiveness of educational interventions based on the Health Belief Model and School-Based Interventions to increase adolescents' knowledge and attitude about this vaccine, designing and implementing such interventions in school are recommended.