نشریه دانش شهرسازی
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 7، تابستان 1398)

What does space reading mean? What is the status of this term in a country like Iran? How are concepts such as reading and readability involved in constructing forces of space? Are they involved at all? How does the critical discourse of space understand the meaning of readings? In the present study, we have attempted to address such vital questions. For this aim, the text has been divided into four sections. In the first section, adopting a theoretical and problem-oriented approach, we discuss the relevant viewpoints and discourses. In section two, we focus on the realm of knowledge through the academic system of Iran, by the approach of discovering the hints that were available in the context of the concept of readability terms that have been hidden. In section three, we discuss how phenomenological reading has become a keyword in understanding space and has thus, reproduced the status quo with regards to (un)readability of space in the so called “managerial” and “professional” realm. Along these lines, we glance at Kevin Lynch’s theoretical approach as a well-known figure in urban literature in Iran. In section four, as an alternative representing the critical reading of space, we have disapproved which is constantly reproduced in the realm of knowledge and management, the order and the conceptual system of it. In section four, with a critical formulation of reading space offered as an alternative, we try to denounce the order and conceptual system constantly produced reproduced in the sphere of knowledge and management.

Today the field of urban design has emerged as an important area of intellectual pursuit, involving theory, research, and pedagogy, all intended to inform and improve practice. Also, there has been a progressive differentiation between urban planning and urban design. How has this differentiation occurred? This article calls for a return to planning values in contemporary increasing differentiation between planning and urban design. A direct explanation of urban design nature -without stumbling into a simplistic anti-design approach- is a necessary step forward in understanding of differentiation trend and real values in planning process. This article reverse the imposing perspective of neoliberalism, global competition and new urbanism to trace reassertion of planning values (such as public interest and social justice) through explanation of fundamental tension between design and science and changes in planning process. It signals right from that an intention to tamper with the familiar interpretation of urban design theories to shake up current flow of theorization to allow other, more radical thoughts to be emerge. The article will conclude that planners and policy-makers should be involved with public vales more than anything else and considers both fields (urban design and planning) in a neoliberal dominated world of global competition, particularly as personified by the diversified visions produced by the New Urbanism.

Islamic city” is a term coined by mostly French Orientalists who had undertaken structural studies of cities in northern Africa, they provided some characteristics of cities they had observed (and not all cities with Muslim residents), and attributed the characteristics to the Islamic city, notwithstanding the fact that some of these characteristics went back to climates, and others to the interminglement of cultures, manners, and customs of a land with the Islamic culture, which were not directly related to existential and legislative doctrines within the Islamic worldview. Therefore, in order to scrutinize the concept of city in Islam, we need to consult its most important source, that is the Quran, as well as the tradition, so as to home in on existential and legislative characteristics of the Islamic city. In this paper, we deploy methods of phenomenology and textual interpretation to inquire the notion of city, and we have gleaned four concepts (“balad,” “qaryah,” “madina,” and “misr”) from the Quran. Features of these concepts are elaborated by drawing on exegeses provided by prominent religious scholars and a survey of relevant hadiths. These features are then compared with theories of Orientalists about the Islamic city as well as modern theories of urbanization and features of contemporary (Islamic) cities. Studies show that in the Islamic Sharia, there are specific instructions for people’s lifestyle, which determine the conditions in which they live in the city, and in the end, the city is formed and its structure is constructed in virtue of such lifestyle, along with other factors (cultural, geographical, etc.). What is known today as the Islamic city is far from aforementioned doctrines, and cannot thus be property described as Islamic city. A city is Islamic if its interiors and exteriors are both Islamic.

Lack of attention to the concept of social capital as one of the local potential point in regeneration is one of the main problems in the process of renewal of decade neighborhoods.The importance of social capital in the process of regeneration is because of the interventions and action that most of them is performed in a spatial neighborhood but,this element is usually unnoticed.So the purpose of this research is to develop a framework that in addition to the introduction of social capital indicators and measurement involved in regeneration of decade and historical neighborhoods,also measure them in Iranian native position and historical Emamazdeh yahya neighborhood.To this purpose first the principal concepts of research and the role of social capital in regeneration is studied,then the social capital indicators and measures that is effective in regeneration specified. The general approach in this research is mixed(quantitative and qualitative).Methodology of this research is descriptive and analytical research and the data collection method is library and survey.We use structural equation modeling and LISREL to analyzing data. After completing theoretical studies using direct observation and interviews performance of measures is discussed in Emamazdeh yahya neighborhood with questions.As a result of the theoretical section demolition and physical renovation and social relations and association as two new indicators in the terms of regeneration based on social capital, are introduced. The results show that social capital influences regeneration by93%degree.Also we find out that trust and social norms as the indicators of participation have an impressive role in the process of regeneration in this case, otherwise solidarity has no.As well results indicate that the existence of the kind of social capital that can accelerate the process of regeneration is60%,that is the strength point in the process of regeneration.Finally,proposals to promote the realization of goals of regeneration by social capital expressed.

The current research is an attempt to reconsider one of the key regulations in the contemporary building control system pertaining to the historical fabrics of old cities in the southern coasts of the Caspian sea. It specifically concentrates on building placement and plot coverage regulations. These two interwoven regulations perform as a mediator between urban design and architectural design disciplines. The research emphasizes that these regulations should be based on vernacular building placement patterns. In this paper first a report is provided of the negative effects of the current building placement and plot coverage regulations. After that it is attempted to identify the principal characteristics of a desirable approach to the subject based on an analysis of a number of relevant international experiments. Next, as a case study the paper continues to examine historical urban fabric of Lahijan city, an old city in Guilan province. An examination of the aerial photos of the city from 1956 on, and extensive field visits indicate that in the vernacular architecture of Lahijan there were two main types of building placement patterns. First and the most common pattern was the perimiter placement of the residential building/buildings in a plot of land. It could take 15 different forms. The second pattern was a pavilion-like placement pattern which could take five different forms of arrangement. In order to investigate the frequency of each pattern, in the aerial photo of the city of 1956 the whole city is divided into 50 square pieces among which 10 pieces are selected and examined. In each piece the number of houses that uses any one of those placement patterns, is calculated. In sum 286 houses are examined and the most popular patterns are identified. These vernacular patterns can be used as a basis to rewrite the relevant regulations.

The increase in population in recent years and the subsequent sprawl of the city has led to the development of urban and suitable patterns for the development of the city's spatial-physical complexity. In this regard, for urban spatial planning and discipline, urban development models use modern urban planning models and ideas. In fact, the Smart Growth Strategy attempts to rebuild cities and direct them A powerful community with the right environment, integrated urban transport system, city density, and user mixing. The present study aims to provide analytical information on the assessment of areas in terms of proportionality with smart growth indicators, special attention to low priority areas, promotion of high-rise and land use areas, and promotion of mixed urban uses in order to achieve development goals. Sustainable, and with descriptive-analytical and correlation methods, have taken important steps in achieving smart urban growth. The sample is four parts of the city of Yasuj. The required information was collected by documentary, questionnaire and field survey. The results of the analysis show that the four indicators, land use indices and (access and environmental) have the most significant level in explaining and predicting urban smart growth. In areas where land use (mixing) is more diverse and with appropriate access, it is closer to the smart growth model. In this regard, in order to develop the future of the city, it is necessary to pay particular attention to areas with a low rating.

Highways are linear infrastructures that alter the environmental resources in a territory, structure, and functions while constituting a significant component through which the individual comes into contact with the landscape. The fragility of the natural-ecological environment exerts tremendous pressure on sustainable development in cities. In the city’s sprawl, ecological factors and functional properties during urban development process have less considered and have reduced the citizens’ quality of life. Since the observer has looked at the landscape of the adjacent highway, and all elements observed can be considered the aesthetic aspects and safety components. The aim of the research is to identify the problems and find the solutions for the edge of Chamran Boulevard in Shiraz. The solutions involve creating a continuous walking route that would provide more recreational opportunities, link up with existing gardens and culture of the region. Pay attention to green pedestrian pathways, safety, legibility, coherence, taking into account the visual features of the road, improving the outdoor comfort conditions, organizing leisure/cultural spaces are associated with green spaces and open spaces, and the user’s visual interest related to cognitive processes have been emphasized. In the first stage, the effective indicators of landscape improvement have been extracted from the literature and categorized. Then, the impact of the extracted factors was evaluated and prioritized using the Delphi technique and conducting semi-structured interviews with experts. Afterward, Shiraz citizens have been selected to measure the existing status and prioritize users’ preferences. A closed questionnaire survey was used to collect data from participants. All data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 22. The findings show that the vegetation diversity around the pedestrian pathway, considering collaborative activities (Mean=3/88), considering the legibility of way-finding, diversity of lighting and creating the continuous and interrupted sequences (M=3/61) are among the users’ priorities.