فصلنامه لسان مبین (پژوهش ادب عرب)
پیاپی 38 (زمستان 1398)

Semiotics is one of the interdisciplinary sciences that studies and analyzes the signs and the meaning behind them. Nonverbal communication is one of the branches of semiotics that encompasses a variety of people's motor behaviors including facial expressions, body movements, gestures, and conversation adjustment movements. Also, attitudes, postures, attire, facial communication, body gestures, artifacts, time, place, music, etc. are nonverbal communication symptoms that can independently convey a message or help to convey verbal messages. Become more influential. This type of communication has six functions of complementing, denying, repeating, controlling, substituting, and emphasizing. In this regard, the present study seeks to examine the work of contemporary Tunisian author Shukri Mabkhout's novel from the standpoint of nonverbal communication symptoms including facial expressions, eye states, taste and smell, objects, distance, etc. This new reading of the text makes it possible for the reader to decode the messages that the author conveyed through non-verbal elements. The importance of Al-Talani's novel goes back to its selection as a Poker Prize in 2015, and its semantic review has been a major necessity of the present study. The results indicate that al-Makhbouth has benefited the most from various facial expressions and functions and their implications. He has used these cases to express such things as fear of something strange, satisfaction, ridicule, shame and shame. Alongside these, other modes and organs are also involved in delivering the author's messages. Most of these messages also have a succession function.

Arab historians have long argued for the etymology and meaning of the word 'Mecca' that have been critically and arguably controversial from a historical, ontological and semantic perspective. These assumptions, often based on some kind of folk etymology, have become less popular among scholars because of repeated quotations from primary sources and less widely criticized for their validity and frequency of use. The presence of very ancient Persian word constructions in the Arabic language and older texts of this language, including ignorant poems and, more importantly, the Holy Qur'an, reflects the longstanding relationship of the Iranian branch of Indian and European languages with Arabic, with historical evidence also relying on proximity and relevance. Iran also justifies this presence with the Assyrian and Akkad lands, the origins of the Arab people and the Sami languages, as well as the political domination of the Iranian governments over the Arabian Peninsula in ancient and medieval times. The present study has attempted, while examining the views of former linguists, using the descriptive-analytical method to develop and explain the hypothesis of the origin of the word "Mecca" in Arabic. The result of this study shows that the word "Mecca" and its more original construction "Becca" have the Iranian root and an evolved form of the word "bagh" or "bag" in ancient Avestan and Persian language meaning holy city or city of God.

The purpose of this research, discursive reading of the short story "through Alkhlas" by Znoun Ayoub, The descriptive-analytical approach, with an emphasis on Norman Fairclough's approach and model for the concepts of power, ideology and inequality in the context of offers, It is important that the characters of the story, rather than mental models and ideas for their discourse on society at that point in time is considered, how to behave? The text-based approach to cognitive discourse analysis suggests that the author of the story the reader has faced deep challenges; Challenge the traditional opposition between men and women, modern women, one steeped in ignorance and false beliefs and traditional society reproduces the dominant discourse; And the other Western writers are influenced by culture and ideology and does not accept inequality. Imperfect socialization in both discourse and its bitter end with the death of the hero and the dominant discourse is mastered

The novel ‘French Perfume’ by Amir Taj Al-Sir (born in 1960) is the reflection of a segment of the Sudanese society that lives in the state-ignored Missing District while tackling socio-economic and psycho-cultural problems. To get rid of life-time imposed pressures and meet the needs of life, the hero of the novel, Ali Jorjar, takes certain steps. What he does can be interpreted through the theory of needs proposed by the American psychologist Henry Murray. According to this theory, needs are induced by the pressures of life, and human beings respond to those needs in various ways. By defining the theory of needs and using a descriptive-analytic method, this research aims to detect the types of pressure that have posed needs to the hero and to mark those pressures that are responded to. As the results indicate, social, economic and political problems, which are in the Alpha Press category, lead to psychological pressures, categorized as Beta Press. These pressures, in turn, lead to certain needs, like the needs felt by the protagonist of the novel. He tries to overcome external and internal pressures by meeting such secondary needs as understanding, domination, pretention, libido, reprobation, self-restraint, respect, invulnerability, affection and pugnacity. In spite of his attempts, he ends up in a character break-up.

Archetype is one of the well-known terms in Jungian psychology. It is defined as universal pattern of human behavior or inherited tendencies existed in the collective unconscious that is rooted in longtime ago, human ancestors. Shadow, anime, persona, ego, wise old man, and etc. are of archetypes in human life. Jabra Ibrahim Jabra’s “Bahth An Walid Masoud” (literally: in search of Walid Masoud), one of the contemporary and symbolic novel that describes the mental journey of the main character Walid Masoud, a journey namely “Tafarod” (individuation) in which Walid, the hero, manifests the collective unconscious in form of imagination and in a way that happened to the Sindbad the Sailor, and this is the beginning of a journey that guides Walid toward individuation and rebirth as archetypes. Therefore, study and knowing archetypes and their functions in the above-mentioned novel can help reader to better understand symbols in it. This thesis sought to study the archetypes in the novel and explore Walid’s psychological evolution to the stage of “rebirth” and “happiness” (Masoud). The results of this research showed that Jabra Ibrahim Jabra effectively employed Jung archetypes (shadow, anime, persona, and wise old man) to describe Walid the hero en route of perfection to reach the stage of rebirth. Walid, the hero of Jabra’s story that is some sort of Palestinian writer’s representation, can be a symbol of all human being who look for a common goal that is individuation.

Among the numerous approaches in criticizing literary works literary semiotics could be mentioned that is considered a branch of science of signs and studies a certain group of verbal texts. This science could be applied on titles of literary works including poetry because poem’s title indicates themes that the poet is trying to express. So, title’s semiotics could reveal the hidden and underlying layers of the concepts concealed behind the words. The present study with a descriptive-analytic method has dealt with studying selected titles of Ahmed Matar’s poems from semiotics perspective. In this article, along with a concise definition of semiotics and title eight odes from Ahmed Matar’s poem collection, Lafat, has been studied and the principles which the poet has benefitted from in employing title and expressing his views has been explained by drawing diagram. The results of this research indicate that Ahmed Matar’s titles have certain qualities. Among the most important ones the application of paradoxes, quotations from Quran, quotations from prophetic hadiths, borrowing from global heritage, recalling Arabic heritage, and number usage could be mentioned.