مجله مطالعات آسیای جنوب غربی
پیاپی 7 (پاییز 1398)

With the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the bipolar system, the nature of power has undergone a substantive transformation, and along with hard power, another dimension of power, soft power, has emerged. A prominent feature of the new era is the increasing importance of soft power in international relations. For many years, military power has been the only means for states to advance their interests. But today the use of military force to gain influence among other nations has lost its effectiveness, so that a media outlet is rated as more effective than the military. Iran, as an ancient country with a history and cultural background in the Central Asian region, and in particular Tajikistan, can make the most of its soft power and cultural diplomacy. Given the foregoing circumstances, the question arises as to what are the historical components of Iran's soft power in Tajikistan? And what constraints and considerations have prevented the practical realization of the proper use of these capacities? In order to answer these questions in this study Persian language and literature, customs and historical studies have been studied and it is assumed that political factors and the existence of competing cultures including the reasons and barriers to practical realization of capacity. They are.

Globalism or globalism nowadays refers to different ideologies of globalization. The American political scientist Joseph Nye, a co-founder of the theory of neoliberal international relations, has argued that globalism is any interpretation of the world that is characterized by networks of communication. Scattered across intercontinental intervals, while globalization is meant to increase or decrease the degree of globalism. When it comes to globalization, it means the insights and ideologies that exist in mind. In globalism we move beyond limited entities such as localism to the larger realm. In Malcolm Waters's words, "globalization is a social process in which geographical constraints that cast a shadow on social and cultural relations are becoming increasingly aware of the decline of these constraints." The term globalism refers to the expansion of the range of human interaction and human societies across the globe. Therefore, some scholars equate sphericalism with the term 'spherical' in the sense that it has influenced the dimensions of individual and group life in the spheres of culture, politics, economics, and so on

The beginning of 2011 marks the beginning of the formation of popular movements and the movement of the wave of liberation in the Middle East and the Arab world. The crisis in Syria has different internal and external origins and has played a role in defining those factors and internal and external causes. Russia's attempt to balance the power against American hegemony in a soft power system is carried out through legal mechanisms such as the use of veto in the Security Council. The result is the formation of strategic rivalries and interconnections The United States and Russia, which will make no final agreement to resolve the Syrian crisis. On the one hand, US supporters of the United States have called for the transfer of power from Assad in the future, and vice versa, Russia and the Islamic Republic of Iran, and some Countries are supportive of the Assad government. The author has used a qualitative method with descriptive-analytic approach to prove his hypothesis. The purpose of this study is to examine the main reason for the intensification and continuation of the crisis in Syria and Iraq and to examine the creation of a strategic competition of two superpowers.

Water is a vital and irreplaceable material. Climate changes, population increase and life style changes have leaded to the increase of water demands. At the time being, the situation of water resources in all over the world is critical. However, some regions such as the Middle East and the south of Africa are more vulnerable. Hydro politics is a young knowledge which deals with the examination of water resources and finding solutions for water crisis. Since the solving of water problems is difficult for individual states, bilateral and multilateral cooperation seems inevitable. Accordingly states have to pursue active and dynamic foreign policy to overcome the challenges. Virtual water is one of the methods for managing the water problems in arid and semiarid regions. Virtual water means the smart import of water dependent food or goods according to relative advantage. Accordingly two strategies have been mentioned: 1) import of water dependent goods and 2) production of water dependent goods in watery regions with the common investment of arid and semiarid countries. The present paper is an endeavor to submit practical solutions for overcoming the water crisis in our country And therefore, water diplomacy can be the inevitable field of bilateral and multilateral cooperation for convergence. In such a context, the diplomacy of the political unit based on cooperation on the challenges of water scarcity, including conflict resolution and environmental cooperation with neighbors, will enhance Iran's position in the international system as an emerging opportunity.

As countries' economic growth depends on energy supply, so energy security is one of the most important challenges for the world's major economies. Energy security is a multi-dimensional concept, one of which is military security around the protection, transit and backing of the military and arms financing of those resource holders. The purpose of this research is to ask what the role of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Armed Forces can be in securing the energy flow of the West Asian region? They are in line with energy competition and threats to energy security in the West Asian region, particularly the Persian Gulf. This paper is a forward-looking scenario based on the Tada model and explores the issue of military energy security in the West Asian region in the 2025 horizon. Given the current trends and drivers, the West Asian region continues to have an anarchic structure, and the Islamic Republic of Iran's Armed Forces as a regional power is monitoring existing and future threats by consolidating its structures in order to balance and mitigate the risks of future conflicts. They must create deterrence and safeguard Iran's national interest by anticipating future developments, formulating multiple scenarios, and making maximum use of the position of the Gulf Coast's 38 islands.