مجله جغرافیا و روابط انسانی
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 7، زمستان 1398)

This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the economic effects of tourism on the presence of tourists in rural communities in an analytical-descriptive manner and using data collection tools in both library and field. The main tool is to use the experiences and experiences of the ancients, interview with local experts and managers and use the questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is 237 households in Roshan Abad village. Using Cochran formula, 161 samples were randomly selected. Cronbach's alpha test was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha of 0.73 indicates the desirability of the questionnaire. The results of this study showed that tourism can improve rural infrastructure, create employment and generate income, and if we use the views of the villagers and participate in the planning and implementation process as well as solving environmental barriers, we can see the development of tourism and formation. Sustainable development will be desirable.

Informal settlements, as a phenomenon with physical, social, economic and wide spatial dimensions, are the results of modern urbanization and the discourse of progress in the Enlightenment age which challenges the pattern of sustainable urban development and causes heterogeneous development and inequality of urban areas in relation to existing facilities and convenience. This phenomenon in Iran as many other countries in the world, is growing and encountered the cities of the country with serious problems. Boukan is not exceptional. One of the informal settlements of Boukan is Aliabad Neighborhood. The aim of this study is to identify and explain the reasons for the formation of these informal settlements. The research method of Aliabad is survey and the data are obtained through documentary and field studies. To answer the research hypothesis, statistical methods (single sample t-test, stepwise regression, path analysis) and SWOT model have been used. The Statistical Society of the study consisted of 4259 households which 360 households were selected as sample. The reliability of the main scale of the questionnaire was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha of 0.73. The results indicate that economic factors, especially employment and income distribution, have the highest impact with beta 78%, social factors with beta of 49% and political factors with beta of 28% in the formation of Aliabad Neighborhood. Also this study, using Swat model after identification, evaluation and classification of factors (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats), and the formation of internal factors evaluation matrix (with a score of 2/694) and external factors (with a score of 2/427) Provides a review strategy for organizing the city's economic, social and political dimensions.

By spreading the meaning of participation and reaching it in all walks of life, it is now commonplace for all people to intervene consciously and truly in determining their destiny. In our country, the concept of participation is not considered a new phenomenon and in its traditional forms such as assistance and assistance has a long history in people's social life. The expansion of cities and the increase of its population have increased the production of household waste and its inadequate management has caused many problems. How waste disposal is produced has always been one of the problems of human society for many years. The simplest and most practical way to address this problem initially was to disperse and flush waste out of urban areas or burn it to prevent contamination. The main purpose of this study is to measure the impact of citizen participation on municipal waste management. The method of data collection in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire survey. Statistical population of this study is citizens of Amol city whose number is unlimited and the sample size is estimated using 385 Morgan table. The results indicate that the sense of social belonging, satisfaction with municipal services, social trust, mass media, utility and belief in the usefulness of citizens' participation have a positive impact on municipal waste management.

Monuments have the ability to reconstruction. Authorities must carry out basic follow-up in order to communicate with the owners, maintain, restore, the connection loop between the owner, the municipality, the cultural heritage and the private sector investors in a coherent way and take constructive steps in this direction.As long as the preservation of monuments as a cultural component is not concerned with all offices and people, we will see more destruction of this precious deposit every day. It is necessary to undertake integrated planning and the attention of senior managers and officials to ensure that these values are removed from the slogans stage.The effective economic use of this historical heritage and attention to tourism industry constitutes an opportunity for development and economic growth. The most important of these approaches is the creation of an integrated and integrated approach to the context. Shariati street in Hamedan is the subject of our research, which has valuable historic buildings such as the iran's House, the Naraqi's house, the Bijan's House (Iranian Studies Foundation), the Tabatabai's House, the building of the forming Kargosha bank and Bank Sepah Placing in the first ride is prone to regeneration but handles bump like traffic congestion and traffic jams and Abandoned and inappropriate use as well as crowds of handicapped people. The aim of this study is the centrality of historical monuments and the open approach of creating and improving the street and creating a cultural path for tourism. Our research methodology is “swot” technique.

Sustainable livelihood approach is one of the new approaches in rural development that has been proposed due to the inefficiency of classical approaches to rural development and poverty reduction in rural society. One of the strategies for livelihoods is rural tourism and its construction of second homes for tourism in these areas. Given that their second homes are physical and physically affect the village, their view of rural areas at first glance draws human attention. The overall objective of the present study is to investigate the role of second homes in the physical-spatial development of rural settlements based on the sustainable livelihood approach in the mountainous rural areas of Esterabad rural area of ​​Aliabad Katoul city. The present study was an applied one and for this purpose two methods of library and field research were used. The statistical population consisted of 6 villages with a population of 815 households that were studied in 158 questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Based on the assumptions of this study in the form of physical-environmental components, non-parametric tests of Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, Mann-Whitney, WiFi / Kramer and independent parametric f test showed that the results of the tests indicate that the physical-physical effects of the second homes The community view is positive and appropriate. The willingness to participate among the villagers is also favorable. On the other hand, the expansion of tourism has created new vulnerabilities in the villages, most notably the contradiction and heterogeneity in the old texture of the village and the new texture of the second homes, the increase in the amount of uncontrolled and irregular construction in the area and the demolished tourist villages. The natural environment and the move towards urbanization are the rural landscape, especially in the construction of second homes.

According to experts and experts, in the current situation of the country, the best way to create employment and solve the problem of unemployment, develop a culture of work and entrepreneurship in society. There fore, many scholars emphasize the role of economic structures, emphasizing entrepreneurship as one of the main factors influencing the empowerment of different groups and groups of society, including young people. Today, entrepreneurship as a strategy and strategy in the development and prosperity of human societies has become an alternative to the inevitable, through which all the factors and resources and capabilities of a society are spontaneously engaged in an evolutionary process to achieve High social aspirations have been mobilized to be the source of many positive socio-economic impacts and consequences. There fore, considering the importance of the role of development and entrepreneurship in rural areas, the present study attempts to investigate the importance and role of rural development and entrepreneurship. Descriptive-analytical methodology and library and documentary sources have been used to reach this conclusion. The results showed that entrepreneurship plays a very effective role in rural development and by applying the basic strategies of rural entrepreneurship development can improve rural development especially in the economic field, create jobs in non-agricultural sectors, raise the level Prosperity, poverty alleviation, rural employment development were achieved through the dominance of the entrepreneurial environment, and so on.

Today, the tourism industry plays an important role in the economies of countries. In the meantime, rural settlements are facing issues such as rural migrations, low income levels, increasing poverty, and so on. There are a number of rural settlements in the country in terms of location and attraction of tourists, especially religious tourism, which have a good potential for developing tourism activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of religious tourism in the economic development of rural settlements. This is a descriptive-analytical study using survey and library methods. The population of the study includes rural residents of Nojah Mehr rural area of Jolfa city according to the Census of 2016, with 55 population and 157 families. Cochran's formula was used in the study population and sample size was 220/22 for more accuracy of sample size 221. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the quantitative reliability of the questionnaire. The alpha value for different parts of the questionnaire was 0.70 to 0.83. In order to obtain the residents' viewpoints about the mentioned components, statistical tests of mean responses and variance and one-sample T-test were used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between religious tourism and economic components of research. Most of the study of the role of religious tourism in rural economic development is as follows: investment with average (22.74) had the most impact and employment with average (8.56) had the least impact on religious tourism. The results of the one-sample t-test showed that religious tourism was favorable and had a positive impact on the economic development of rural areas.

Man is intrinsically seeking to live in places where he has the highest standards of living, but is often forced to satisfy his living standards for various reasons, mainly for economic reasons. In this study, we ranked the neighborhoods of district 8 of Tabriz in terms of quality of life from the residents' point of view. Accordingly, using Cochran's formula, 380 questionnaires were given to residents to determine their views on their quality of life. The criteria used in this study included housing prices (rent / purchase), environmental pollution, distance to shopping centers, population density, quality of housing, recreational space, access to health centers and urban future. Using hierarchical analysis, the effect of each of these measures on the quality of life in the environment was determined, which was the most influential factor of urban (20.9%). Finally, by combining the hierarchical analysis method and the TOPSIS method of the outputs of the questionnaires, Hammam and Taplagh neighborhoods provide the highest quality of life for their residents, respectively.

Part of the territory of Iran is occupied by mountainous areas, one of the dangers that constantly threatens these areas is the volatility of the slopes. This phenomenon has been causing many damages to the slopes and human exploitation for many years. Among the most dangerous of these instabilities is landslides, identifying the factors that cause landslides in a basin and its hazard zoning is one of the essential tools for achieving strategies to control this phenomenon and selecting the most appropriate and practical option. isIn this analysis, we try to identify the zoning factors in landslide phenomenon and determine the potential asset areas for landslide zoning in Saroabad city using hierarchical analysis method in GIS software using the most important factors in landslide occurrence using software. Choice Export We have obtained the values of the criteria and sub-criteria andThen we analyzed and prepared landslide zoning map that 20.48% of Sarvabad city is very likely to have landslide and 7.64% is very likely to have landslide.

Air pollution as one of the important environmental factors in anthracosis and worrying news about air quality index especially in metropolises on the other hand has caused this issue as a serious problem in Iran and some parts of the world. Air pollution in metropolitan areas has become one of the most important challenges of the day. One of the new concerns is the news that the people of Tehran are suffering from a rare respiratory disease. In a city where there is not even a single coal mine, Tehran citizens have been reported to have anthracosis, which is common only among coal miners. Anthracosis is a pulmonary disease caused by the deposition of black pigment that resembles tattoo stains on the bronchial mucosal surface and is often diagnosed by bronchoscopy. In fact, when diagnosed with a bronchoscope inside the lungs and the airways that are filled with black grains and particles, the disease is diagnosed and is therefore a dangerous condition that can damage the lung tissue. Anthracosis can remain asymptomatic for many years and is safe in the early stages, but if it does have symptoms, it often manifests itself as shortness of breath. After diagnosis, doctors may be able to alleviate or reduce some of the complications of the disease, but there is no definitive cure and the smokes that become black remain black. Therefore, it is necessary to consider this disease in order to take measures to diagnose, prevent and control it. Therefore, this report will attempt to elaborate on the causes and causes of anthracosis in Iran and elsewhere in the world.

Disabled persons, disabled people and veterans are part of the community, who, like others, need access and use of public facilities and services. The purpose of this study is to investigate obstacles to the satisfactory conditions of urban improvement in disability agencies in Ahwaz. The research method is descriptive scrolling. In the analysis of this study, statistical techniques such as swot technique were used. Findings show that: The average physical index is 2/5, the average management index is 2.5 and the average socioeconomic index is 3/1. Also, the research results from the SWOT model indicate that components such as identifying barriers to the social presence of different classes of society, installing warning signs in public spaces for disabled people with the same weight score (0.126), in the next priorities in terms of the suitability of public office spaces For disabled people and veterans. Establishing constructive interaction between the municipality and the well-being, approving the law for the fitting-out of organs, offices and public and private entities both with a weighting (0/340) of the most important points of opportunity for urban spaces in Ahwaz from the point of view of experts and authorities Relation is known. The general conclusion is that in most public places, public buildings and offices, special equipment for the disabled has not been provided, and the total of these factors has created turbulent, unhealthy and unaffordable space for various social groups, especially people with disabilities in these spaces. This undesirable situation requires a precise and coherent planning to improve the status quo and increase safety and comfort, and thus create a lively and happy social environment with the presence of the disabled.

Cities' strong dependence on unstable resources has engulfed them with many undesirable consequences. Municipalities' access to sustainable income sources enables the municipality to play a more active role in the urban environment. Sources of sustainable income are missing the loop which negatively impacts urban management performance. The present research method is applied and its main purpose is to identify the financial resources and sustainable income of Jiroft municipality based on descriptive-analytical studies carried out during the years 1395-1397. In this study, a standard questionnaire for analyzing the sustainability of income sources under inspection, and their applicability in Jiroft, was prepared and distributed among experts, and then the data were entered into SPSS software. Finally through analyzing the data, Suggestions concerning the need for continued growth and sustainable income was made. The results showed that the average sustainability of the municipal services fee, provided by the citizens, is higher than other sources of funding. Subsequently is the movable and immovable property taxes, government provided taxes to the municipality, additional fees, the setting up of investment funds, government grants, and non-governmental participation in financing for-profit urban projects. It is also possible to apply the fee of municipal services to citizens more than other income-generating methods, followed by movable and immovable property taxes,government provided taxes, financing through investment funds and ex gratia donations.

Today, more attention has been paid to the development and expansion of agricultural-related industries, especially small and high-yielding industries in the agricultural sector. As the development of industries in the rural areas of the country creates employment and surplus labor force in the agricultural sector, it also increases the export and export of the country. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of conversion industries in rural areas of Weis village, Bavi city, using a "descriptive-analytical" research method. Analysis was performed using T-test. The results show that the functional evaluation of rural industrial development in the rural areas of Vis village had a moderate and moderate effect on the rural development of the area. The environmental dimension has increased dramatically compared to the past, despite the relative results. As a result, the evaluation shows that the effects of rural industry development on the study area were moderate in economic aspect.

Planning means rational, systematic and thoughtful work on the rational processes of achieving appropriate policies as well as the political-administrative processes through which the final policies are selected and implemented. The emergence of planning ideas in Iran was older than in other underdeveloped countries, and after World War II, a macroeconomic plan was needed in Iran. Since the end of the 1920s, when the development plans were introduced, the issues of rural development and its plans have also been addressed in the form of six focus programs and the structural evaluation of rural development programs is one of the well-known scientific methods. The pathological result of the five-year rural development plans shows that the actions of these programs failed to provide the basis for rural development. In general, before the revolution, according to the ruling modernist view and the desire for industrial development, on the one hand, the agricultural and rural sectors were considered traditional, and on the other hand, the government was not dependent on agricultural surpluses. In the post-revolutionary period, the rentier character of the state did not decline after the revolution, and the agricultural sector had relatively similar consequences. Regional development policy-making in Iran has also failed to address issues such as the involvement of regional actors, the recognition of potentials, the design of policies based on local conditions, and so on. The results show that the Communicative approach in planning away from the shortcomings of the rationalist approach has the necessary values to realize the desirable process of rural development planning in the country. Finally, the failure of all-round rural development programs is more due to the neglect of the legislative and planning system than to the rural and agricultural position, and these projects are planned and implemented without the help of the people.

Nowadays, housing sector is considered as one of the most important developmental sectors in a society being taken as an indicator of social status and one of the main urban land uses. The quantity and quality of housing indicates the socio-economic status of cities. Housing is an indicator of the quality of life and social welfare. The activities in the housing sector not only contribute to a vital human need, but they also serve an important role in economic development and creation of jobs for the growing population. The present study investigates housing conditions, accommodation needs, priorities, and the ranking of cities in Hamadan province in terms of qualitative and quantitative housing conditions in order to contribute to housing planning in the province. The research variables include ranking of cities based on housing indices, calculation of residential units destruction, estimation of housing destruction rate, computing inter-regional gap index and determination of critical provincial points in terms of housing indices. The type of the research is applied and scientific. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical method using quantitative models. The results showed that the townships of Bahar, Kabudarahang, famenin and Tuyserkan had the worst housing conditions in the province while Hamadan, Malayer and Asadabad had the best housing conditions. Moreover, the housing destruction rate was 2.6 percent in Hamadan province with 2 percent in urban areas and 3 percent in rural areas.

Overall, the sustainable development of the city is due to the sustained and constructive interactions of humans with humans and humans with the environment. Interactions that have made the city over time, environmentally sustainable, economically sustainable, socially cohesive, and physically beautiful. Based on the bilateral relationship between sustainable development and sustainable tourism, in order for tourism to contribute to the sustainable development of the city, its impacts on the city must be identified and considered. The purpose of this study is to analyzing the relation of tourism and sustainable urban development. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection is document-library. In fact, by the study of domestic and foreign scientific literature that was published about tourism and sustainable urban development, have tried to deduction of these studies for write it. It is hoped that it will be able to provide relevant content to its audiences in order to better understand this issue.

Throughout the past half century, there has been a growing and persisting demand towards developing more integrated approaches to planning as a way to combat the notoriously complex and chronic urban problems. Cognizant of this need, this paper, while offering justification for such a planning approach, discusses problematic aspects of current planning practice and highlights key lessons and parallels from past experiences regarding the idea of planning comprehension, rationality in planning, and the role of power and politics in plan-making and plan implementation. Drawing upon recent debates in planning theory, this paper further presents an agenda for building a new integrative approach to planning, discusses major issues that planning theorists need to address in terms of functional integration, decision-making processes in planning, and political and institutional challenges to such integrated planning approaches, and offers a series of propositions to remedy these challenges. The adaptive sustainable planning model is suggested and amply delineated as an effective overarching normative framework for the development of an integrated planning approach that provides organization to the field and guides practitioners towards realizing their role as effective decision makers. The key contribution of this paper is not its reliance on the typical notion of sustainability per se but rather its unique and thorny approach of how it ought to be used as a way of moving forward with planning and policy-making to ultimately enhance a better urbanism.

The land surface temperature can change over time due to changes in the structure of the environment, land use, constituents, etc. Understanding of land surface temperature can a lot helps to environmental planning (Including how energy consumption, citizens' thermal comfort, etc.). In this study, the land surface temperature changes of Kermanshah city between 1393-1397 were investigated. In this study, Landsat 8 satellite images and single channel algorithm method were used to estimate the land surface temperature. The results showed that in both years 1393 and 1397, most of the city was covered by temperatures of 45-50 ° C and then 40-50 degrees. But in 1397 the temperature range to 40 Celsius degrees has increased sharply and the range of other temperature levels has declined, with the highest decrease being above 55 Celsius degrees. The results show the increasing use of more reflective roofs at the end of the study period.

livability is a subset of sustainable development that has recently entered the urbanization literature and includes a diverse range of topics and is expressed in a series of guidelines. In this regard, access, equity and participation are based on the concepts of habitat. The purpose of this study was to investigate the indices of habitability in 22 areas of Tehran municipality. This research is of the type of analytical-applied research and it is a type of qualitative research. The statistical population of this study is the neighborhoods of the 22nd District of Tehran, whose population according to the census of Iran in 2011, 128, 958 people (38, 106 households) including 65, 476 men and 63, 482 women. The random sampling method and To estimate the sample size, the Cochran formula is 384 samples. The analysis tools are tested through a single-sample t test in the Spss software and the Topsis model. The results show that, in terms of inhabitants, except for environmental indicators in other dimensions of the region, twenty two conditions are less than average. Also, among the neighborhoods of the region, twenty two ghetto martyrs in the most favorable situation and neighborhood of the air in the most unfavorable situation contract

Through the two-way link between sustainable development and sustainable tourism, so that tourism can contribute to the sustainable development of the city, Its impacts on the city must be identified and addressed, and if managed, coherent and efficient planning, and with the participation of local residents, its potentials can be exploited to further benefit sustainable urban development. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate sustainable urban tourism development in the city of Gorgan using the SOAR strategic model. The type of research in this research is descriptive-analytical and field and library studies were used for data collection. The findings suggest that national and international attractions, landscapes of natural landscapes with appropriate and favorable climate, diverse and attractive historical-cultural monuments and heritage, along with other advantages and strengths Other Places In This City In Addition To Tourism Development Can Provide Sustainable Income For The City. Finally, factors such as: planning to increase the number of service centers, strengthening tourism infrastructure, infrastructure and tourism services, marketing and enhancing the culture of tourism acceptance are the expected results.

Sustainability is a set of factors that contribute to the quality of social life, including a natural and built environment, economic prosperity, social stability and justice, educational opportunity and leisure opportunities, as well as sustainability as a guiding principle for planning and urban planning policy. Used. As a tangible concept, sustainability is a general form of urban infrastructure investment as well as competition between cities to attract people, investment communities and mobile human capital. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the basic concepts of urban sustainability by using descriptive and documentary sources. Sustainability is a set of factors that contribute to the quality of social life, including a natural and built environment, economic prosperity, social stability and justice, educational opportunity and leisure opportunities, as well as sustainability as a guiding principle for planning and urban planning policy. Used. As a tangible concept, sustainability is a general form of urban infrastructure investment as well as competition between cities to attract people, investment communities and mobile human capital. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the basic concepts of urban sustainability by using descriptive and documentary sources.

Today, a dynamic economy that can provide jobs for residents of a particular area can help sustain and attract a thriving population. In this regard, the impact of mining on the survival and attraction of the population of adjacent mines in Kurdistan province was investigated. Mines were first mapped for this purpose and identified influenced settlements of mines using the buffer of 2000 m from the mines and the Euclidean distance of the mining. There were 14 villages in the 2000-meter mine and 119 in the Euclidean distance section that their demographic changes from 1996 to 2016 were studied. The results showed that both in the buffer method and in the Euclidean distance method, despite the negative growth rate of the rural areas during this period (1976-1976), the village in the mine areas had positive growth until 2011 and a very negative growth in 2016. Therefore, according to the results of this paper, mines play an important role in attracting and maintaining human settlements.

Green architecture is the result of sustainable architecture and sustainable development, which is also the result of today's human need for the adversity of today's industrial and consumer worlds. It is in harmony with the right materials environment and so on, enabling all the principles of sustainable architecture to be embodied in a complete process that results in a healthy environment, both visually and psychologically and purely. In each region or country, the type of sustainable architecture has different characteristics. In this regard, the present study aimed to analyze the principles of sustainable architecture (green) in residential spaces using library resources by descriptive method.

One of the natural disasters that causes many lives and financial losses worldwide every year is the displacement and displacement of many people. In Lorestan province, floods cause significant financial and economic losses each year, mostly due to heavy rainfall in Lorestan. The purpose of this study was to map flood risk in Kuhdasht city using hierarchical and fuzzy analysis model. The method used is descriptive-analytical based on documentary sources and available statistics and maps.

Lakes and especially inland lakes Although they play a key role in the rural economy and the stabilization of agricultural activities, water depletion is a major threat to population sustainability in rural areas and a factor in the migration of rural areas in particular. Migration is the workforce and rural youth. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of decreasing the water level of Lake Urmia on seasonal migrations of Chahar Borj town in Miandab country. The type of applied research, descriptive-analytical research method, library and field data collection method and factor analysis and principal component analysis were used for data analysis. The statistical population of the study includes rural households of villages around Chahar Borj village in North Mokmat Abad village which according to Census 1395 has 2803 households and 10294 population. The findings show that factor analysis results were classified into eight categories and explained 66.99% of the variance. The most important factors that have caused the seasonal migration of villagers through the decline of Lake Urmia include: income, water and soil resources, management, inputs and machinery, and diversification of income and collective cooperation.

By investigating the development trends of countries indicates that the development of the agricultural sector as one of the most important economic sectors or even beyond, is a vital prerequisite for the sustainable development of each country. Changes in agriculture and its shift from subsistence agriculture to conventional agriculture and then industrialization and now moving towards commercial agriculture, the question remained whether in the process of commercialization of agriculture it will achieve the objectives of sustainable development? This article reviews the documents and discusses the importance of the agricultural sector, commercialization, its relationship with food security, and emphasizes the need to pay attention to smallholder farmers in this process.

Diverse uses in the city, especially those in high demand, such as educational uses for many reasons such as lack of coordination between city executive agencies, financial problems in the education sector, and lack of knowledge of the authorities on the need to meet the needs of students in responding to student needs. There are many. This study tries to determine the optimal locations for the establishment of educational centers in Kouhdasht city according to the existing indicators and standards. At the beginning of the work, the layers needed to locate the training centers were collected. Then, using the software used to standardize the layers, the layers needed to be positioned were prepared.

The nature of sustainable tourism requires natural, cultural and human environments. Tourism should take into account the cultural, cultural and traditional aspects of local communities. Overall, these efforts show that tourism can form a viable solution in the process of sustainable development. The present study aimed to analyze the social dimensions and consequences affecting tourism development in Khorramabad-Poldokhtar axis through a descriptive and documentary-based descriptive method (researcher-made questionnaire). Tourism development studied The results of the above calculations are as follows: Increasing the sense of place, increasing the length of stay of tourists, the tendency to reside and stay, increasing social cohesion and cultural changes in life, respectively, are among the most important social outcomes affecting development. Tourism in the area are the case.

Today, looking at the future has made the smart man not just look for the future, but build on his own by using a variety of tools. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the future of scenario writing in the urban development of Ahvaz metropolis based on CIB and CIB.

The present paper is of applied purpose and descriptive-analytical method. This research was conducted in three stages of determining key indicators through Delphi method, identifying effective propellants through MicMac software based on cross-effects analysis method and scenario development based on Cyber Scenario Wizard software.

The results of the research out of 37 key factors, 10 factors including population, air pollution control, industry, tourism-oriented organization, production of special products, empowerment of organizations, attention to workshops expansion, attention to tourism industry, region organization Identifies the periphery and the open space as influencing factors in Ahwaz's urban development. Finally, the critical factors were formulated with three situations, and 82% of them indicated the desirability and 18% indicated the stability and crisis of Ahwaz urban development.

As a consequence of the most desirable scenario, scenario number one is proposed which includes population-based, air-based pollution control, development-based industry, tourism-based organization of improvement, current-based specialty production, empowerment-based organizations. Increasingly, the focus has been on expanding development-based workshops, focusing on development-based tourism, organizing improvement-based margins and expanding outdoor spaces.

Since Sustainable Development is today Based on the Innovation Creativity and Use of Knowledge, the Development of Social Entrepreneurship in the Country. While Providing Sustainable Growth and Development, is of Capable to Address the Current Problems such as Poverty, Social and Cultural Disruption, Even the Unemployment of Academic Graduates and the Mass of the Unemployed. However the tourism industry has advantages and disadvantages for host communities and tourists, albeit tourism in its traditional form has disadvantages and negative effects on host communities. A way for revolution in the mentioned form is indicating in continuous innovation in which this continuous innovation is a non-separative aspect of social entrepreneurship. Therefore, the Present Article Aims to Utilize Literature to Define and Identify the Characteristics of Social Entrepreneurship as Social Entrepreneurs’, Features and Tourism-Based Social Entrepreneurship Development that Leads to Increased Innovation, Technological Advancement, Increase Employment, Generate Technical Knowledge, Produce and Distribute Income at the Community Level. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Social Entrepreneurship, Tourism, Development

Balanced spatial organization in cities is a kind of urban sustainability, which is created when there is reasonable coordination between population distribution and the distribution of services in cities. The most important factor affecting the spatial distribution of population in urban areas is the distribution of services in cities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution of urban services and infrastructures in Ilam. The method used in this study is descriptive-analytical and its approach is applied. The required data were extracted through the library method and 10 criteria were used to evaluate the Ilam urban areas in terms of service indexes. Data were weighted using Shannon entropy technique and data were analyzed by TOPSIS and SAW (SAW) multivariate decision making techniques using Excel and SPSS spreadsheet software. Arc GIS software was used to draw the maps. Distribution of service development indices in the Ilam districts is uneven and there is no logical relationship between the distribution of service development indices. Mean technique results show that zones 14 and 11 are in full condition, zones 2, 12, 13 and 5 are in full condition, zones 3,1, 6 and 7 are in semiquantified state and finally, 8, 4, 9th and 10th rank last among other regions in terms of services and urban facilities and are in poor condition. The results of the present study reveal the necessity of spatial justice approach in urban and future plans especially for Ilam strategic-executive plan for better spatial deployment of these services and indicators in Ilam city areas.

Economic activities in rural areas is influenced by several factor. The geomorphology is one of the most important factors in economic development and the location is rural areas. In this study the effect of geomorphology on the type of rural economic activities Marivan city have been evaluated. This research is based on descriptive and analytical methods and its data library studies and review of the literature and the content and maps and field methods such as questionnaires, interviews and See. Data collection tools Into two categories, field tools include (questionnaires, observation and interviews) and software (arc gis, spss,google earth) are divisible. In this study, first geomorphological map has been prepared and position geomorphological villages been evaluated and then landuse each section separately in connection with the geomorphology factors have been evaluated. In the next step using a questionnaire and the method sampling systematic classification action to collect data have been in the case rural economic activities. The results of the evaluation of data indicates Sarshiv in part due to the mountainous and lack of arable land more people are employed in horticulture and animal husbandry activities And most have migrated to cities. But in parts of Central and Khavmyrabad considering the existence flat arable areas the majority of villagers are engaged in farming and have lower immigration rate.