ماهنامه معرفت
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 9 (پیاپی 264، آذر 1398)

This paper is a description of the brilliant word of the Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (P.B.U.H.) regarding the characteristics of the righteous and real Shiites. Some of the other characteristics of believers are, conscious communication with people, peaceful separation, useful words and purposeful question. Naturally, the first means of communication is verbal communication. The believer must have plan and the tact for both communication and to speaking. Communicating with fellowman is an innate tendency that can promote the human status in the social life. Social people are extraverted, but non-social ones are introverted. The important point is that, huff and separation, and communication and interaction must be done with a Divine motive. Aside from it, speaking should also be for taking a benefit, and asking for understanding and increasing the knowledge

Solving the fundamental problems of philosophy, directly or indirectly, depends on our answers and approaches to the ontological questions. Critical analysis of the educational systems of the philosophical schools is among the important issues of the education system. This gives us a fair and conscious approach towards the existing educational theories, and hence, rejects the non-conscious adaptation and imitation in thinking. Using a descriptive-analytical, and interpretive method, this paper seeks to study the ontological foundations of education from the viewpoint of empiricism and the Qur’an. The findings show that, despite some verbal similarities, there are many substantial and semantic differences between these schools which have originated from their ontological foundations.

Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper seeks to study the aspects of the method of comparison in the process of religious education from the viewpoint of the Qur’an. The findings show that, the Holy Qur’an has presented this method both at the level of the origin of the universe and the level of the believers. Regarding the first level, deeper understanding of the major aspects of Lordship, guiding the people, benefiting the servants, and regarding the second level a proper understanding about the concept of monotheistic and polytheistic, the definitive paradigms of virtues and vices, servitude and freedom, the believer and the wicked, conscious and non-conscious, the tasty water and the brackish one, nature-like affairs and worldly and otherworldly life, helps and improves the religious attitude of trainee and will comfort their hearts and minds.

Analyzing the educational teachings of the verses 23 to 28 of the Chapter of “al-Qasas”, this paper discusses the characteristics of men and women at marriage, boy-girl relationships, matchmaking, dowry and marriage. Among the Qur’anic stories, the story of the marriage of the Prophet Moses (P.B.U.H.), which is presented in the above mentioned verses, is the best model for young people in marriage and matchmaking. Using a qualitative-theoretical and inductive method, this paper studies the educational teachings of theses verses. The practical issues are categorized in five divisions, including, social education, intellectual education, sexual education, moral-emotional education, and economic education. Educational teaching is a set of guidelines that can be used as a model in life to make a better education process.

There are many factors and obstacles in the process of the religious education. Satan is one of these obstacles. An in-depth analysis of the extent of the devil’s power on religious education and the ways to deal with it helps us to achieve the educational goals and proper methods in education. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper studies the extent of the devil’s power in religious education and the ways to deal with it from the viewpoint of the Qur’an. The findings show that Satan puts negative effects on the trainee such as misdirection, idolatry and sin in various ways, including, creating the fear, decorating the sin, forgetting the remembrance of God and arousing the desires. On the other hand, the verses regarding the human will and authority, indicate that the Satan's performance is not independent from the human will, rather it influences the cognitive and emotional dimensions as well. Consequently, intervention of Satan into the educational training of man can be found in two different ways, preparing the ground for negative training and eliminating the positive education.

Much of the Quranic stories are dedicated to the descendants of Israel (the prophet Jacob P.B.U.H.). The Qur’an has sometimes condemned the people of Israel and sometimes called them a superior nation. This dual status illustrates a change in the ethical values of this nation that made them worthy of reproach. Using an interpretative method this paper studies the psychosocial backgrounds of these changes from the perspective of the Qur’an. The findings show that, the intense pressure of the post-Joseph era on this people and a long waiting for the Savior of Israel prepared the conditions for the cultural transformation of Israelites as well as the sovereignty of pharaoh's political system over them. This phenomenon along with the two patterns of “Qarun” and “Samaritan”, promoted materialism among them and led them towards calf worshiping and disobeying the commandment of Moses (P.B.U.H.), and thus, it diminished their Divine moral values and led them towards the materialist values.

Using an analytical-comparative and critical approach, this paper seeks to answer these two questions, first, what is the nature of Noddings’ moral education? Second, what are the most important criticisms of Noddings’ moral education based on Allame Tabataba'i’s perspective? The findings show that, rejecting the universal moral, Noddings believes that the purpose of moral education is acquiring the ability for a better life in society and playing the role of citizenship. While emphasizing the exclusive role of emotions, Noddings considers man and his nature to be the center of moral education. Allame Tabataba'i, however, looks at moral education differently. The following are some of the most important criticisms of Noddings’ moral education from the viewpoint of Allame Tabataba'i, relativism, the secularist approach, neglecting individual spiritual wayfaring, extreme emphasis on emotionalism and external interactions in moral education.

One of the innovations of Islam is the practice of Friday prayer to inspire weekly knowledge and awareness and prepare the conditions for the Islamic nation to listen to the current events of the Islamic world from the trustable analyzers. Since today's youth attendance at Friday prayer seems to be lesser than the first decade of the revolution, reconsidering the way in which religious teachings are presented in sermons is necessary. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper seeks to study the role of Friday prayer in moral education of society as well as the obstacles and solutions. Friday prayer are held by the Islamic ruler or his representatives based on the teachings of Qur’an and the Ahl al-Bayt (P.B.U.T.). One of its most important strategies is explaining the Islamic piety and education in the various aspects of the personal and social life of Muslims that have an effective role on the moral education of society in case the political, social and moral barriers are removed.