نشریه پژوهش های جامعه شناسی معاصر
سال هشتم شماره 14 (بهار و تابستان 1398)

The type of people's political attitude and sociological analysis of the factors influencing it are important questions in the field of political sociology. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the political attitude of the people of Rasht city and to use it both economist and culturalist viewpoints to explain the factors affecting political attitude. The main question of this paper is therefore: "Which of the two variables of the class and religion are influenced by the political attitude of the people of Rasht?" The method of this study is survey and the data gathering tool is a questionnaire and its statistical population is population over 18 years old in Rasht, 385 of whom were selected through cluster sampling. The findings show that 76% of the respondents have a reformist attitude and 24% have a principled attitude. There is also a significant and direct relationship between the variables of religiosity and social class of the respondents and their political attitudes.

Political participation as one of the measures of political development in the world, is now one of the most important and most basic concepts in political and social science. So that in practical politics and theoretical enjoys a prominent position. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between social capital and political participation. In terms of methodology, this research is descriptive (survey), and in terms of data collection, is field study. Population includes all residents older than 19 years in Gorgan city, which a sample include 407 people that calculated using random sampling stratified method was selected and studied. The data collection instruments was researcher make questionnaire, which approved its validity with using Face validity and it’s reliability approved by Alpha Cronbach's coefficient which calculated for the concepts of social capital and political participation, respectively (α = 0/896 and 0/780). and 0 had been approved. Ha Finding showed that the average of social capital and political participation of citizens are 2.674 and 3.442 up to 5. In the "low" and "moderate" is. As well as the results of the test hypotheses suggests that there are significance relationship between social capital and its dimensions (except for social interaction) with political participation. On the factors influencing political participation, it can be said that in a total of 9.4 percent of variance of the dependent variable explaned by social participation, education and age.

Student life is one of the most important period of life. A significant proportion of college students live in student campuses, and due to the estrangement and distance from their families, such students need to be more and more closely scientific scrutinized. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the subjective perceptions of female students living in campuses. Student period of life includes both an opportunity and a threat. The interpretation and impact of college students is very different and at times conflicting. The age, sex, educational and personal and social characteristics as well as the faculty and university environment and youth subculture and social change are all present in the student life and make it  very complex and multifaceted. So students' own perceptions of student life are the most important. The participants of this study consist of 22 students residing in Farzanegan student complex at  Bu Ali Sina University. Researchers have used the qualitative approach base on grounded theory and data collection techniques that used here was in-depth interview with students. Findings shows that contextual conditions such as the "ethnic-cultural context" of students residing at complex’s "the place-spatial context of dormitory," the impact of collective identity and," age "are effective factors. At the same time we observed other variables Such as the trend of "global youth lifestyle changes" and "social networks impacts" as intervening conditions, forcing students to engage in “Identification" strategies, "moving toward interaction," And cultural convergence, led to face students with these new and different conditions.

Studying at university, some students get a chance to experience and explore group life through the medium of dormitories. This paper studies female university students' experiences of university dorms using a phenomenological method. 24 students residing in female dormitories of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were selected through purposeful sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Interviews were continued until saturation was achieved. Colaizzi method was used to analyze data. Findings showed that living in dorms entails challenges and opportunities at the same time. Learning to be independent, resilient, to have financial management, increased appreciation of family, as well as getting to know about different cultures and walks of life, various skills, order and responsibility plus, enhanced spiritual and religious beliefs. On the other hand, however, homesickness, mental pressures resulting from sharing a room with the wrong person, low quality canteen food, declined school performance and dysregulated sleeping hours were among the downside of living in dorms. Accordingly, college dorms can potentially serve as an educational and cultural spot to help college students actualize, as well as enhance, individual and social potentialities. However there are downsides to living in college dorms too. By precisely planning to take advantage of these potential points of strength and taking precautions for the weaknesses, one can hope for an improvement in the situation of college dorms.

Among development theories, perhaps the theory of modernization can be considered the most sociological one. The main presumption of modernization theory is that changes in material conditions lead to changes in attitudes, values, and lifestyles. One of these material processes is “Urbanization”. The main question of the present study is whether in line with modernization theory, living in a city that has a higher level of socio-economic development than a rural one, has it been a factor that makes women more willing to work or not? In fact, the purpose of this study was to identify the differences between urban and rural women in Isfahan province in their tendency to work in different types of jobs.The main method of conducting this research has been survey, using multi-stage sampling. In the first stage, among the twenty cities of Isfahan province, three cities of Isfahan, Shahreza and Semirom were selected with high, medium and low levels of development. In the second stage, individuals were selected and studied based on two variables of age group and residential area by quota sampling method. The total sample size is 1815, of which 1017 are urban and 798 are rural. In the present study, the tendency of women to 29 jobs in three categories: "Traditional jobs", "Traditional jobs in the new form" and "Modern jobs" was studied. The findings show that although rural women in general are more willing to be employed in a variety of jobs than urban women, this difference in tendency is not significant for most modern jobs. The main finding of the present study is that in the current situation of Iran,modernization and socio-economic development, rather than affecting the level of women's willingness to work, affect the type of their tendency to work in a variety of jobs. Urbanization causes women to be less inclined to work in traditional jobs and to avoid jobs associated with traditional feminine roles.

Lake Urmia crisis has become one of the most important environmental and executive challenges in the country in the last decade. Considering the importance of social capital in human and social studies, this study examined its relationship with farmers' willingness to resolve the Lake Urmia crisis and examined various elements of social capital including social trust, social cohesion and social participation in the field. The results obtained by NCSS statistical software indicate that increasing trust at early levels has a greater effect on increasing people's willingness to participate and at higher levels of trust; this effect is more balanced. Also, at low levels of cohesion, tendency was almost constant and relatively decreasing, but with increasing social cohesion to a desirable level, it increased by 20%. The results also showed a 60% increase in tendency with increasing social participation. The final result showed that the rate of social participation was more important than the other two factors in explaining social capital, although the effect of trust and cohesion was also significant. In addition, one percentage point increase in social capital increased the willingness of individuals to participate in solving the crisis in Lake Urmia by 0.34%. The results of factor analysis of social participation component (CFI = 0.88) statistically indicate an appropriate model.

With the emergence of various media witch has been called the second era of media, although undeniable progressed and opportunities have been created, paramount changes and challenges have risen in human life. In this regard it seems any study on the lived of human beings should have look at role and effects of media.  To explanation the hypotheses in this study, Bourdieu's views in life style, Gerbner in media influence and Giddens in the relationship between lifestyle and media have been used. This study is a quantitative research which uses survey technique. Its sample size comprises of Shirazi females aged 15-60 years old out of which 392 people, selected by way of cluster random sampling, have completed the research questionnaire. To extract and identify different types of lifestyle, factor analysis was used on a set of questions related to life style (leisure time, food, consumption  and body management) and finally 10 types of life style were specified including: Fashionable, athletic, religious, social networker, scientific-artistic, musical, modern leisure style, harmful leisure style, daily common leisure style and healthy lifestyle. So, according to the findings, different media have had different effects on these different types of them.

Shift work is a multi-dimensional phenomenon which, in addition to, improving economic status of job shift person is regarded as an effective challenge on the life quality of medical personnel through creating family and personal disorders. Medical personnel are of practitioner groups that because of shift work are exposed to the above mentioned disorders more than other people. The purpose of the present research was to sociologically examining threats and opportunities related to shift work of medical married personnel of Tehran hospitals based on structural equations. The present research is analytical, correlational which was done among statistical population of medical married personnel of Tehran hospitals in 2017 of which 593 were chosen and studied as the sample through the use of simple random sampling. Using other researches the researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and its reliability was formally confirmed by the experts and its validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (Amos) with factor loading of (0.3) and more. Statistical analyses were done based on structural equations using Spss and Amos. The regression amount of the structural model represents that shift work has the most (-0.56) and the least (-0.22) effect on hope to the future and social adaptability, respectively. The results showed that the meaningful effect of shift work on alienation, social health, intra family relationships, intra family supervision, social adaptability, social asset, life satisfaction, tendency to divorce and hope to the future was at 99% level (P˂0.001).

During natural disasters and social crisis violence against women increases. From the structure of the family to the public places, each becomes a field of violence against women. This paper shows that violence against women is not limited to the domestic, and it's severity exceeds during war and natural disasters, and it affects the safety of women in public places. By using documentary method, this paper reviews problems, actions and studies that are conducted in the past four years on violence against women during natural disasters and social crisis. Reports indicate that violence against women - whether domestic or in public places – has been increased during war and natural disasters that has brought different physical, psychological, mental, moral, and legal consequences for women. Actions and activities undertaken in the field of combating violence against women in natural disasters and social crisis include: 1.Struggling to return to normal life by victims, especially women, 2. Changing the attitude and role of religious and cultural leaders, 3. Women's empowerment, 4. Launching campaigns and scientific and civil activities, 5. Pass an international law and resolutions 6.Establishment of secure centers.

Social trust, as one of the most fundamental issues facing today's societies, is the foundation of social relations and it has been discussed in the social science literatures. In this terms of "fundamental trust", "interpersonal trust", "generalized trust", and "institutional trust". In this regards we could say that interpersonal trust is more prevalent in traditional societies, though, generalized and institutional trust are seem mostly in modern societies. In the present study, quantitative and questionnaire survey method were used to investigate the status of social trust and its associated factors in Dehdasht city (as considered a transitional city). The sample size of this study was 382 people who were selected by multistage cluster sampling scheme. The results due to structural equation modeling, show that overall social trust was below average and people's interpersonal trust was higher than generalized and institutional trust. Also, the inferential findings showed that social participation has a positive and significant effect on social trust while Anomie and deprivation have had a significant and negative effect on social trust. However, although mental status did not directly affect social trust, through a sense of deprivation, it has had indirectly a significant and positive effect on social trust.

The purpose of this article is to examine and measure the amount of social capital and its relation to social resilience. The research is a survey and its validity is content-based and its reliability has been calculated through the Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population consists of all the households’ heads of villages in sub-district Badr of Ravansar, whose number is 3996 people according to the census of 2015. The sample size was 285 people determined by the Cochran formula. Participants have been selected randomly by a multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using SPSS software. Statistical methods, including the comparison of averages, single-sample t-test, Pearson correlation tests and multiple regression, were used for analyzing data. The results of this research show that the social resilience (3.16 out of 5 scores being equal to 63.34%) and the social capital of rural households (3.31 out of 5 scores being equal to 66.22%) are above moderate and good. There is a positive and significant relationship between the level of social capital and its subcategories, including networks of relationships, social participation, trust, norms of mutual trade, and social resilience of sample villages. The result of regression analysis shows that the social capital variables explain totally 52% of the variance of social resilience.

Research on women, as a case study in the field of social studies in the form of femininity or more precisely "femininity", will elevate our knowledge to a higher level about women. The purpose of the present study was to explain and interpret the signs of femininity in Isfahan women in body reproduction. In the present study, a mixed-sequential exploratory research design was used. In this first step, using data extraction theory research method, theoretical sampling of women aged 20-55 years, open interviews and It was halfway through. By analyzing the interviews and the data collected, indicators of reproduction of feminine symptoms were obtained. In the second phase, quantitative data were collected by questionnaire (closed) based on qualitative method, survey and quota sampling method according to age and sex of people in 15 regions of Isfahan, among 667 people. Based on the qualitative results of the research, western cultural hegemony and culture industry were extracted in terms of causal conditions and the concept of rhizomatic femininity as the core. In the quantitative section to explain femininity symptoms, the hypotheses were tested with SPSS software. Structural modeling (Religion, objective, Bricolage, Modernism, Media, Self-concept, and Income) was tested in structural modeling using Amos software.