International Journal of Sport Studies for Health
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Jan 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of rapid weight loss (RWL) and its effects on elite cadet wrestlers participated in the final stage of Iran national championships.

The wrestlers comprised of 56 adolescents (25 freestyle and 31 Greco-Roman wrestlers). They were divided into three weight groups including light (50.80 ± 5.27 kg), middle (63.74 ± 4.94) and heavy weight (88.26 ± 10.51 kg). Their mean age were 16 ± 0.72; 16.82 ± 0.63 and 16.42 ± 0.69 years) respectively. Prevalence of RWL and its effects were assessed using the standard Oppliger questionnaire. In addition to the extracted data from questionnaire, wrestlers’ body weights were measured in the morning of competition day and its difference with the weight at the weigh-in time was calculated as a marker of their normal body weight. This index was applied for the first time in Iran and all the wrestlers participated in this part of investigation.

The maximum weight loss (MWL) among light, middle and heavy weight groups were 3.95 ± 1.31, 4.47 ± 1.53 and 5.07 ± 1.32 kg respectively. The results suggested that the rate of weight loss in light, middle and heavy weight groups were 3.09 ± 1.56, 2.64 ± 1.34 and 2.12 ± 1.41 kg respectively. The results indicated that increasing the level of physical activity in order to achieve ideal body weight besides the gradual dieting was the most prevalent method for weight loss, and dizziness, muscle cramp and irritability were respectively the most frequent side effects caused by RWL.

Being aware of common ways used for weight loss among wrestlers can help coaches and athletes do the weight loss process more effectively.

This study aimed to compare the nutritional status and eating habits among teachers of courses in nutrition, nursing, physiotherapy and pharmacy of faculty of medical sciences of Paraíba (FMSPB).

57 teachers from four courses of FMSPB Participated in the study. All teachers were given specific formation about the study procedures. Weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference were assessed and a questionnaire called the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population was applied.

It was observed that there were no significant differences in the comparative analysis of anthropometric measures, indicators of nutritional status and the risk of cardiovascular disease between courses. It was found that there were significant differences only between nutrition courses vs. pharmacy (P = 0.042) in the comparative analysis of the scores submitted by questionnaire food guide. It was observed that there was no positive correlation between the weight vs. scores food guide and also BMI vs. scores food guide (P > 0.05).

It was found that the teachers of nutrition course had a better eating habit than those of the pharmacy course and there was also a significant difference between the healthcare courses for anthropometric measurements, indicators of nutritional status and the risk of cardiovascular disease.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of eight weeks high intensity interval training on the levels of E-selection and P-selection.

16 obese young females were randomly assigned into two experimental (N = 8, age; 26.12 ± 3.1 years; height, 1.6 ± 0.06 meters; weight, 85.5 ± 16.6 kilograms) and control groups (N = 8; age, 31 ± 6.23 years; height, 1.6 ± 0.02 meters; weight, 76.2 ± 12.06 kilograms). Exercise protocol included eight weeks (three sessions per week, each session four to seven repetitions of running with maximum velocity in a 40-meter distance with 30 seconds’ recovery) HIIT trainings. Fasting blood samples were taken 24h before and after the training. Elisa method was used to measure the dependent variables.

Analysis of data using student T-test showed no significant changes in the levels of E-selection and P-selection after trainings (P > 0.05).

It was concluded that more duration of training is probably needed to have significant effect of HIIT trainings on the levels of E-selection and P-selection.

Psychomotor performance is a vital factor which decisively affects the athletic performance. The purpose of the research was to investigate the acute effects of low intensity aerobic exercise on psychomotor performance of athletes with nocturnal sleep deprivation.

Sixteen professional female volleyball players with mean age of 22.3 ± 2.6 years old were studied twice in a balanced, randomized design. The participants were asked to fill the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) prior to the beginning of the study and their nocturnal activity was recorded at 1-minute intervals and scored with the Actiwatch sleep analysis. The study used the Vienna Test System to measure cognitive functions. The exercise protocol consisted one-session light aerobic exercises based on Rockport one-mile walking/running test controlled by Polar Electro.

The results suggested that all psychomotor tests were significantly impaired by nocturnal sleep deprivation (P ≤ .05). Moreover, it was shown that the experimental group didn’t have any deteriorating change in the mentioned tests after light aerobic exercises (P ≥ .05).

Although nocturnal Sleep deprivation could result in psychomotor malperformance in professional athletes, the light aerobic exercise would alleviate the deleterious effect of sleep deprivation in decisive task among athletes.

Anthropometric conditions of college students following their admission to college programs is one of the concerns of health authorities as well as the health policy makers. The concept of ‘Freshman 15’ is a popular term that describes dramatic weight gain of college students. This research was designed to examine the anthropometric conditions of newly admitted medical students.

51 male students aged 19 - 21 years old admitted to the undergraduate programs in colleges of medicine at Kashan University of Medical Sciences participated in this cross sectional study. Demographic characteristics of the participants including age, weight, waist and hip circumferences sizes were measured and recorded. Flexible tape was used to measure waist and hip circumferences sizes in centimeter. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests with the significant levels of P ≤ 0.05.

The result indicated that only 16 (34.4 percent) of the admitted students had normal weight while 26 (51 percent) were overweight and 8 (15.7 percent) were fat. In addition, 18 (35.3 percent) were in age 18 group, 15 (29.4 percent) in age 19 and 18 (35.3 percent) were in age 20 group. The result of one-way ANOVA suggested that there was a significant difference between the BMI of the age group of 18 to the 19 and 20 years old (respectively, P = 0.02, P = 0.03), while no significant differences was found between the age group 19 and 20 years old (P > 0.05).

The result suggested that a considerable proportion of newly admitted male medical students are already overweight or fat prior to starting their medical education. Further research is needed to follow the weight changes after they start their medical education.

Advancements in health care systems and technologies have lowered the rate of mortality leading to an accelerated increase of aged population in Iran and worldwide. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercises on quality of life in healthy aged sedentary men.

In this randomized controlled trial, 26 healthy aged men living in Qazvin nursing home participated voluntarily and were randomly assigned in two experimental (n = 13) and control (n = 13) groups. The experimental group performed aerobic exercise protocol three sessions a week for two months. The quality of life was assessed Using SF-36 health survey before and after exercise intervention. The data were analyzed by paired and independent t-tests.

The results suggested that quality of life was improved significantly after exercise program (P = 0.001), while no significant change was found in the quality of life in the control group (P = 0.34).

Taken together, 8 Week of aerobic exercise program significantly improves the quality of life among the aged persons Additional research with a greater number of subjects and different exercise protocols are required to make crucial decisions regarding the effectiveness of similar exercise programs on aged persons.

Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve disorders caused by diabetes which leads to disruptions of axonal transports and exercise can result in its improvement. However, mechanisms and the impact of exercise in these disruptions are not fully understood. So, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of endurance exercise on contents of Kinesin - 5 and Dynein motor proteins in sciatic nerves of male Wistar rats with diabetic neuropathy.

A number of Twenty - four male Wistar rats were randomly placed in four groups of six each: diabetes control, diabetes exercise, healthy control, and healthy exercise. Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/Kg) was used for induction of diabetes. Moderate - endurance exercise protocol was performed for 6 weeks, two weeks after injection of STZ and diabetic neuropathy was proven by mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia tests. 24 hours after the last training session, the rats were dissected and their sciatic nerves were extracted. The contents of Kinesin - 5 and Dynein motor proteins were examined with enzymatic method (ELISA).

Moderate - endurance exercise significantly improves mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats. A significant correlation was observed between mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia with resting levels of blood glucose (r = 0.68, p = 0.001, r = 0.82, p = 0.001, respectively). A significant increase was observed in contents of Kinesin - 5 and Dynein motor proteins in diabetes control compared with healthy control and diabetes exercise groups (p < 0.05). A significant increase was obtained in contents of Kinesin - 5 and Dynein motor proteins in healthy exercise group compared to healthy control group (p < 0.05).

The results demonstrate that one of the possible factors involved in axonal transport dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy can be STZ induced upregulation of Kinesin - 5 and Dynein motor proteins in diabetic rats. Endurance exercise as a non - medication strategy can moderate the increase.

Anthropometric traits are closely related to health improvement as well as motor skills, psychological and sociological development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the differences in anthropometric traits of high school students and trend of changes among them.

The anthropometric parameters including weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were measured in 60 male and female students, aged 17 ± 0.5 years. Descriptive statistics and t-independent test was used to analyze the data.

The results suggested that there were statistically significant differences in the height (t = 7.40; P < 0.000) and body weight (t = 3.62; P < 0.001) of male and female students, while no significant difference was found in BMI values in the two groups (t = -0.33, P > 0.001). In addition, it was suggested that 68% of male and female high school with mean BMI of 25 and 13 respectively, had normal nutrition status. 14.6% of male and 10.5% of female students had malnutrition. 21% of female students and 17% of male students had an excessive malnutrition.

Although, today’s development is moving towards the advancement of technology, the life style especially nutrition status and physical activity needs to be seriously considered. However, mush research is needed to understand the effective factors on life style of different age groups especially students who are so involved in threaten of hypokinesian lifestyle.