International Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume:10 Issue: 9, Sep 2019

In the present research, we aimed to evaluate dental and periodontal condition in relation to bone mineral density (BMD), to determine the possible association between oral health status and bone density.

 Fifty‑nine women aged older than 30 years, who had BMD assessment, were enrolled in the study. They were given dental and periodontal examination by the means of oral hygiene index (OHI), periodontal disease index (PDI), and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT). Participants answered a questionnaire regarding oral hygiene condition, socio‑economic status, and physical activity level. Their BMD using dual X‑ray energy absorptiometry in femoral and spinal regions was also recorded.

 In this research, there was a negative correlation between DMFT and T‑score of spine and femur but not with Z‑scores. There was no association found between PDI and T‑scores or Z‑scores for BMD (P > 0.05). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between number of missing teeth and T‑score of both femoral and spinal regions; however, such an association was not found with Z‑scores. In addition, a strong positive correlation was observed between OHI and DMFT.

 This investigation suggests a negative association between bone mineral status and oral health condition regarding DMFT and number of missing teeth. It could be concluded that inadequate bone mass could coexist with higher number of missing teeth or a worse oral health condition; nevertheless, further studies are required to assess these relationships precisely.

Exposure to hand–arm vibrations higher than permissible standard rates can have destructing effects on workers’ health. Pneumatic hammers are among the tools that are used in civil and industrial projects, transferring high vibration acceleration to the workers. This study has considered the probable effects of hand–arm vibrations on the performance of blood coagulationfactors in the workers using this tool and exposed to high vibration acceleration.

Five new workers without any experience in exposure with hand–arm vibrations were selected for this interventional study. Blood sample was taken from each worker before they started working for the required analysis. Sampling was repeated in two other stages in 2‑month intervals from the frst sampling, whereas the workers were then experienced in working with pneumatic hammers. Measuring the vibration of the pneumatic hammer was done according to ISO 28927‑10 standard.

 The point of measuring the vibration acceleration was selected close to the hand, in accordance with the standard. Regarding the exposure time of the workers, the amount of vibration acceleration was obtained 15.54 m/s2. Activated partial thromboplastin times of four samples in the second and third stages have shown increases in comparison to the frst stage in that respect. On the other hand, a number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets did not show a consistenttrend in the three stages.

The considered samples showed longer time for blood coagulation as compared to the reference time. Thus, it can be concluded that the main reason is the acceleration in three different coordinate axes of x, y, and z. Hence, the values beyond permissible standard rate of hand–arm vibration in 8 h shifts affect the blood parameters, among which the considered coagulation parameters in this study showed more tangible changes in that respect.

 Increased consumption of fructose in recent years has increased the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. In this syndrome, induction of oxidative stress, cellular dysfunction, and decrease of antioxidant capacity can change response to pain. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antinociceptive and antioxidant effects of eugenol on metabolic syndrome induced by a fructose‑rich diet in rats.

 The rats were randomly assigned to five groups, to be under experiment for eight weeks. The first, control group, the second fructose 10% plus tween 0.5% (Fr + veh), the third fructose 10% (Fr), and the fourth fructose 10% plus a single dose of eugenol 100 mg/kg (Fr + EoS). However, the fifth obtained fructose 10% plus a continuous dose of eugenol 20 mg/kg/day (Fr + EoC) for the last 10 days of the experiment. After formalin test, blood samples were taken from the animals’ hearts followed by analysis for biochemical factors.

This study shows that fructose administration does not change any pain response and there are not any changes in pain response between Fr group and control group. However, treatment with single and continuous dose of eugenol in Fr + EoS and Fr + EoC groups significantly decreases response to pain in the first and second phase of formalin test in comparison with Fr group (P < 0.05). Continuous does of eugenol improved serum malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity levels in Fr + Eoc group in comparison with Fr group.

In the present work, new findings suggest the beneficial effects of eugenol in pain relief, improved serum glucose, insulin levels, and improved antioxidant activity in metabolic syndrome.

To provide a critical reflection from the literature review to describe the current panorama on the importance of physical exercises in the improvement of the quality of life of the aged, besides the use of medications. While aging brings a high cost to health and demographic pyramid changes, so does the disease. As aging is a biological process and many diseases develop at this time of life, the aged are the fastest growing segment of the Brazilian population due to the natural susceptibility of the organism. With this increase, health costs in the country also increase. In everyday practice, medicine has often been characterized as a therapeutic intervention instrument for the first choice, and a consequence, generates significant and significant economic and social damages.

Search in databases using analysis descriptors as exercises and medicine for the aged.

 The involvement of the aged in physical exercise programs is an important adjunct to reduce the progressive degeneration associated with natural aging, becoming a powerful instrument to guarantee a healthy, active and independent lifestyle.

The physical activity was inversely associated with the number of medications, the more physical activity and fewer drug expenses. The need to implement programs for orientation and for the promotion of health through physical activity was also verified.

Sedentary lifestyle plays a key role in the emergence of many noncommunicable diseases. Given the importance of physical activity (PA) in population‑based studies, the present study was conducted to investigate the pattern of PA and its correlates in the pilot phase of Azar cohort study.

In the pilot phase of Azar cohort study, 1236 individuals aged 35–70 years in Khameneh, a city in East Azarbaijan, Iran, were invited to participate in thestudy. A total of 952 individuals completed the overall and the PA questionnaire, a response rate of 82%. The PA level was evaluated using the classifed PA questionnaire based on the equivalent metabolic activities. The general linear model was used to determine the factors affecting PA.

The overall mean score of PA was 36.54 (standard deviation = 5.3). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, total PA score was associated with gender (adjusted β = 0.014, confdence interval [CI] 95% = [0.01–0.82]), occupation (adjusted βs ranged over 0.015–0.059, (CI 95% = 0.01–0.079), level of education (adjusted βs ranged over 0.010–0.018,CI 95% = 0.001–0.026). In other word, sex (mean ranged over 35.49–36.81), educational level (mean ranged over 35.01–36.73) and occupation status (mean ranged over 34.62–39.62) were predictors of PA (all P < 0.05). This variable could also predict 20% of the variance of the PA.

The current study identifes that gender, occupation and level of education could be factors that influence on PA level in the study population.

 Early diagnosis of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) is presently targeted in preventive cardiology. A positive family history though not modifiable can provide a window of opportunity for intervening on modifiable risk factors. We assessed the prevalence of risk factors among the family members of suspected CAD patients and estimated their 10 years CAD risk.

In a hospital‑based cross‑sectional study, socio‑demographic, personal data and blood samples for total and HDL cholesterol were collected. The risk of having a heart attack in the next 10 years was calculated using Framingham Risk Score.

 The mean age of participants (n = 60) was 40.55 ± 1.78 years. 85% were physically inactive. Smoking (13%), alcohol use (12%), history of CAD (2%), HTN (12%) and diabetes (22%) were the observed risk factors. A family history of CAD at <40 years of age was reported by 7% of subjects. Prevalence of overweight was 21% and 11% were obese. Increased waist‑hip ratio (43%), diabetes (22%), hypercholesterolemia (28%), reduced HDL Cholesterol (48%) were other prevalent risk factors. Risk of CAD of >1% in the next 10 years was noted among 60% of subjects.

 Window of opportunity for secondary prevention exists among the family members of suspected CAD.

Cardiac and respiratory arrest is reversible through immediate cardiopulmonaryresuscitation (CPR). However, survival after CPR is very low for various reasons. This systematic review study was conducted to assess the effect of palliative care on quality of life and survival after CPR.In the present meta‑analysis and systematic review study, two researchers independently searched Google Scholar and MagIran, MedLib, IranMedex, SID, and PubMed for articles publishedduring 1994–2016 and containing a number of relevant keywords and their Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) combinations. A total of 156 articles were initially extracted.The success of initial resuscitation was reported to be much higher than the success of secondary resuscitation (survival until discharge). Moreover, the early detection of cardiac arrest, a high‑quality CPR, immediate defbrillation, and effective postresuscitation care improved short‑ and long‑term outcomes in these patients and signifcantly affected their quality of life after CPR. Most survivors of CPR can have a reasonable quality of life if they are given proper follow‑up and persistent treatment. Concerns about the low quality of life after CPR are therefore not a worthy reason to end the efforts taken for the victims of cardiac arrest. More comprehensive education programs and facilities are required for the resuscitation of patients and the provision of post‑CPR intensive care.

Factors affecting social health, especially in young adults, are among the most important research priorities. Knowledge of social factors affecting young adults’ health will lead to understand them in the social context. The present study is aimed to explain the perspective of young adults on social factors affecting health.

In the present qualitative content analysis study, semi‑structured open interviews were conducted through targeted sampling of young volunteersaged 18–30 who were selected from Tehran Province. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. The inclusion criteria for participants were willingness to participate in the study and ability to express their personal experiences. Twenty‑one data were collected through collection was done with individual in‑depth interviews.

Using this qualitative approach, the present study was conducted to identify factors affecting social health from the perspective of young adults.The analysis led to the extraction of three main categories, each with two or three subcategories: expectations regarding the community, expectations regarding the family, and expectations regarding infrastructures.

Our fndings shown that social support considered as effective elements in providing social health of young adults. The evidence on controlling factors should be considered in promoting the social health of specifc target groups. The results of the present study could be used for better planning of interventions in youth social health domains.

Chromium was found to be crucial for several biochemical processes in the human body, including, in particular, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism whereas the exact mechanisms of its actions have yet to be explored. Here, we asked whether low serum chromium levels are present in Jordanian smokers and Jordanians with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D), with hypertension,with overweight and obesity, and with a family history of diabetes.

A total of 360 patients (120 with T2D, 120 with prediabetes, and 120 healthy controls) were recruited randomly based on the American Diabetes Association criteria. Smokers (n = 26), and patients with hypertension (n = 46),with overweight (n = 47) and obesity (n = 57), and with family history of diabetes (n = 63) were included in the tested population. Serum chromium concentration was measured using the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.

 The results from this study revealed signifcant increase (P = 0.001 univariate, P = 0.038 multivariate) and signifcant decrease (P = 0.046 univariate, P = 0.038 multivariate) in serum chromium concentrations in smokers and people with T2D and prediabetes, respectively. In addition, serum chromium insignifcantly altered (P > 0.05) in people with hypertension, with a family history of diabetes, and with overweight or obesity.

Higher levels of serum chromium were observed in smokers, whereas lower levels were found to be present in patients with T2D and patients with prediabetes. In addition, serum chromium level may not be affected by hypertension, overweight and obesity, and family history of diabetes.