مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 9 (پیاپی 157، آذر 1398)

Lifestyle is one of the important factors of public health and reproductive health that is considered as the result of interaction between individual characteristics, environmental conditions and social class. The social class is a characteristic of socio-economic characteristics and conditions. Class is created by combining different types of capital, and capital refers to one's valuable and available resources.

The axillary artery extends to the subclavian artery, which gives blood the axillary region. This artery is starting from the outset of the first ribAnd ends near the inferior terse major muscle, and then goes on with the name of the Brachial artery,the axillary artery variation is common and given the blood supply to the upper limb Clinically important .These variations seem to be an important finding that a rare case of anatomical presentation in an underground cavity to the right of a male body with an age of approximately 60-65 years was found in ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, which was as followed:, external thoracic artery that is normally separated from the second part of the axillary artery;In this case, the third branch of the Thoracodorsal artery is separated. Since the axillary artery was exposed to damage, especially in cases of abdominal tenderness or removal of the axillary lymph nodes, the use of upper limb arches for coronary artery bypass surgery, Therefore, knowledge of natural anatomy and axillary artery changes will be useful for medical professionals, especially surgeons and anatomists.

Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) causes neurodevelopmental deficits affecting the intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) offspring. This study aimed to analyze the effects of Gallic acid (GA) on memory deficit and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) content in entorhinal cortex of UPI rat models.

In this experimental study, 40 pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including: control, UPI, UPI+GA100, UPI+GA200and UPI+GA400. For IUGR induction, anterior uterine artery occlusion surgery was carried out on gestation day (GD) 18. From GD15, GA was administrated orally, in 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW doses until the birth of their neonates. Spatial and working memories are analyzed by Morris water maze and Y maze at postnatal day (PND) 30, respectively. Then, BDNF cerebral cortex level was estimated using ELISA technique.The data were analyzed through ANOVA and Tukey Post hoc in SPSS software version 16.

A significant decrease was observed in spatial and working memories and BDNF content in entorhinal cortex of UPI group in comparison with the control group (p˂0.05). On the other hand, GA-treated groups showed a significant increase in BDNF content and amelioration of spatial and working memories (p˂0.05).

Fetal growth restrictionafter UPI by decreasingBDNFlevel in entorhinal cortex caused memory deficits in rat’s model. Moreover, neuroprotective effects of GA lead to increased BDNF content and ameliorate cognitive deficits in UPI model.

Malignant lymphoma is divided into two subgroups of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's, and 40% of them occur in areas other than the lymph node, the most common being the digestive tract. According to studies, in recent years the prevalence of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas has increased over the past. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the gastrointestinal lymphoma and the survival rate of the patients with this disease based on clinicopathologic characteristics.

This study was an analytic-cross sectional study. The study population included 97 patients with various types of gastrointestinal lymphoma referring to 3 hospitals in Yazd during 2011-2011. Sampling was done by census. Referring to pathology department of hospitals, all cases related to gastrointestinal tract lymphoma extracted and the information (age, sex, year of diagnosis, type of lymphoma, location of lymphoma, treatment method and survival rate) using the checklist was recorded. The data were analyzed by SPSS18 software and patients' survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Log-Rank test.

The results of the study showed that out of 97 patients, 69 patients (71.1%) were male and 28 (28.9%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 49.28±21.5. The most common site of lymphoma was stomach (45.4%), the most common type of treatment, surgical+ chemotherapy (53.6%), and the most common type of lymphoma, B cell lymphoma (50%). The mean survival time was 48 months and there was a significant relationship between mean survival time according to type of treatment.

According to the results, it can be concluded that the appropriate treatment for patients with gastrointestinal lymphomas is surgical+chemotherapy combination therapy.

Limits of movement in knees is one of the most common complications following trauma and surgery. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment choices, knee replacement and performance improvement are expected in many patients. However, limits of movement in knees is unpleasant and should be corrected as soon as possible. In this study, we decided to evaluate the results of arthroscopic release in motion limits of knees.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.14 patients who referred to the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd from 2014 to 2016 and diagnosed with knee limitation (flexion or extension restriction of more than 10 degrees) were selected.Patients were undergone arthroscopic release and followed-up for 6 months. Lysholm knee score, degrees of flexion and extension, and patient satisfaction were evaluated. The results were analyzed by SPSS-18 and statistical tests Paired T-test as well as Spearman correlation.

The mean age of the patients was 28.92±10.99 years.The most common type of trauma in the patients was femoral distal fracture (46.7%). The frequency of the patients' satisfaction with arthroscopy was as followed: 50% (7 patients), had moderate satisfaction, 28.6% (4 ones), high satisfaction, and 21.4% (3 ones) had low satisfaction.The mean difference in Lysholm Knee Score, improvement in degree of extension, improvement in degree of flexion and pain score before and after arthroscopy were 26.21±14.11,64.78±26.13,3.57±2.92 and 4.13±1.65,respectively.There was a significant difference between the mean values of these factors before and after arthroscopy.

According to the results obtained, we can conclude that arthroscopic release is an effective and low-complication method in motion limits of knees.

Renal colic refers to one or more acute and painful short-term attacks due to the movement and excretion of kidney stones. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intravenous morphine and inhaled morphine on pain relief in renal colic patients.

This clinical trial study was performed on 50 patients of Shahid Sadoghi Hospital and Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital with renal colic symptoms who were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received 5 mg intravenous morphine and 5 cc normal saline (placebo) and the second group received 10 mg inhaled morphine and 5 cc normal saline. Severity of pain was assessed at the time of emergency and onset of Visual Analog Scale and then questionnaires were completed at 10, 20 and 30 minutes intervals.  The data through SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; Version 16 and the Friedman, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests were analyzed.

Our study showed the mean intensity of pain was 9.52±1.12 (nebulized) and 9.24±1.51 (intravenous) on admission without significant difference (p=0.46). After 10 minutes, mean pain intensity in both nebulized and intravenous groups was 7.76±1.3 and 6.68±2.03, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.03). After 20 minutes, the mean pain intensity was 5.68±1.72 and 4.32±2.17, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was significant. After 30 minutes, the mean intensity of pain in two groups of nebulized and intravenous was 3.88±3.14 and 3.36±3.34, respectively. The difference between the two groups was not significant (p = 0.57).The mean pain intensity in the intravenous method was lower than the nebulized, but in the nebulized method it was showed a decreasing trend.

Nebulized morphine relieves pain in the patients with renal colic, but pain relief is faster by intravenous morphine. Accordingly, this method is more preferred in renal colic patients.

Recently, the use of various sensitizers has been used to increase photon-induced doses in brachytherapy. One of these cases is the addition of heavy metal nanoparticles such as gold in the target area, which increases the production of ionizing electrons by increasing the possibility of photoelectric effects, and increases the efficacy of the treatment. In this study, the target of the irradiation was the endothelial cell in the wall of blood capillaries located inside the tumor, which, if destroyed, would result in abnormal blood cell counts and tumor cell death.

The effect of using nanoparticles of gold, silver, bismuth and copper has been evaluated by calculating the dose increase ratio using Geant4 tool that was based on Monte Carlo method. These calculations were performed on two microscopic (cellular) and macroscopic (tumor dimensions) scale and the effects of different concentrations of these nanoparticles were compared. Also, the dose increase ratio has been evaluated to determine the most appropriate photon energy range.

As the concentration of nanoparticles increases, the dose enhancement factor increased in photon energy. In addition, for energies less than 70 keV, with increasing energy, dose enhancement factor increased and for energies above 80 keV, this quantity decreased with increasing energy.

In terms of dose, gold is the best option, and in terms of the dose enhancement factor, silver and bismuth are better alternative among the four elements studied. Also, the most suitable photon energy range is 70 keV to 80 keV.

Apical root Resorption is a common occurrence during fixed orthodontic treatment. This study used panoramic radiographs to compare the rate of root resorption in endodontically-treated and non-endodontically-treated roots.

In this descriptive-analytic study, panoramic radiographs of 20 patients aged 11-18 years with Class I Crowding and Class II Mild Skeletal malocclusions and with one or more endodontically-treated maxillary anterior teeth in one side and corresponding non-endodontically-treated teeth on the other side of the jaw were selected. They had presented to Dental School of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and private dental offices in Yazd. All panoramic radiographs of central and lateral maxillary incisors obtained before and after treatment were scanned and displayed on a large monitor with X2 magnification. In this way, the real magnitude of root degeneration was estimated by comparing the root heights in the pre- and post-treatment radiographs. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and T-test.

The findings showed that the greatest rate of root resorption was observed in the upper maxillary lateral incisors of endodontically-treated teeth by 1 mm and in maxillary lateral incisors of the non-endodontically-treated teeth by 1.5 mm. The mean root resorption was 0.325 mm in the endodontically-treated teeth and 1.025 mm in the non-endodontically treated teeth with a statistically significant difference (P>0.001).

The results demonstrated that root resorption was smaller after treatment in endodontically-treated teeth than non-endodontically-treated teeth.