مجله مطالعات الگوی پیشرفت اسلامی ایرانی
پیاپی 12 (پاییز و زمستان 1397)

Cyberspace and social networks are both treasure troves and minefields. For a uniform practice and wise stance among officials of the government, there is a need for adopting a macro strategy pattern in confrontation with the generality of virtual world and the social networks in particular. This paper has tried to make use of multifaceted theoretical considerations in reviewing Leader’s views on cyberspace with an emphasis on social networks. To that end, we have first conducted exploratory interviews with experts to gain access to components and areas of concentration. Then, Leader’s past-decade statements went under strategic analysis based on thematic analysis of findings. In sum, the most important findings and results have been oriented toward designing a strategy pattern. This pattern includes current strengths, current weaknesses, potential opportunities, threats, as well as underlying reasons for threats, necessities and considerations.

One of the important issues that has regretfully received little attention in Iran is the commercialization of humanities or “soft technologies”. Upon presentation of Islamic-Iranian pattern of progress by the Leader of the Islamic Revolution, humanities and soft technologies received double attention by the cultural, military, political and social experts and activists. This paper intends to review the status of soft technologies (commercialization of humanities) in the Islamic-Iranian pattern of progress. This study is qualitative in nature and has been developed with an interpretive approach to find an appropriate answer to the principal question of the research. The statistical population of this work comprised 12 lecturers in humanities at the northern Iran universities and higher education centers who took part in in-depth and exploratory interviews to discuss the status of soft technologies in Islamic-Iranian pattern of progress. Then we used Smith’s model of design research and thematic analysis to determine the major themes and intermix the secondary themes. In the end, the major soft technologies stressed by Islamic-Iranian pattern of progress that are to be implemented by the humanities officials, were identified. The resulting soft technologies were the following: soft technologies for production of ideas and concepts, social soft technologies, cultural soft technologies, and lifestyle and military soft technologies. Upon introducing these soft technologies, components of each entry were extracted from the interviews and presented at the final chapter of the research as a paradigm model.

Constitutional movement is a turning point in the contemporary history of Iran that has left deep impacts on the political and social developments of this country. It was a source of large scale and lasting intellectual challenges that have extended to modern-day Iran. One such challenge was the type of confrontation with a despotic royal regime. The Western-oriented constitutionalists, living under the big banner of Western development, introduced a translation-based theory of Constitutional Movement as a substitute for the despotic rule. Ulema, however, had done nothing more than theoretically rejecting legitimacy of governments run by a non-infallible figure or those unauthorized by an infallible authority. They had proposed no positive action as a replacement for the theory of substitution. It was after the Tobacco Movement and the ensuing political atmosphere that Ulema (Muslim scholars) tried to introduce – in an evolutionary understanding – a positive plan for constraining the despotic rule in a way to force it comply with the local requirements. Therefore, they proposed the political system of the Department of Justice or House of Justice (Adalat Khaneh) against the theory of translation-based Constitutional Movement. With a glance at the history of public combats under the leadership of the Ulema ever since the early days of the House of Justice movement up to the final days of public protests before the UK Embassy at the same time with a sit-in by Ulema in Qom, it is clearly understood that the movement’s leaders had come to the conclusion that it was impossible to meet the rights of the nation and to safeguard religion based on individual approaches and that there should be a specific pattern of action to meet these goals.

The Islamic-Iranian pattern of progress is a kind of pattern that is realized with the inclusion of Islamic ideological and axiological foundations with entrepreneurship being one of the most important ones. The concept of entrepreneur university or the third generation university, its models and quality of its formation in various countries have been among important issues worthy of consideration during the recent years. Therefore, there are various research works available on identifying indexes and characteristics of this kind of university. A thorough review of these research works indicates expert-level concentration on software aspect of the entrepreneurship university and their inattention to the software requirements. This research paper has embarked on identifying hard and soft factors for formation of entrepreneur university in Iran. The researcher has tried to identify the aforesaid factors through a qualitative approach and with the help of semi-structured interviews, library studies, and thematic analysis. Then, in the next step, the validation of identified factors was approved through a quantitative approach with distribution of questionnaires among the experts and their analysis with nonparametric Binominal Test. Results of the research indicate that the entrepreneur university, in soft aspect retains main components of key players, norms, social and cultural factors, and personality-motivation factors and in hard aspect it retains major components of policies and strategies, information and promotional infrastructures, backup institutional infrastructures, manpower-organizational infrastructures, environmental-governmental infrastructures, environmental links, management systems, educational and research systems, supportive-evaluative and financial systems.

One of the important questions of Shiite and Sunni political jurisprudents and thinkers in the Islamic world was the principle of establishing a government and trying to reach its most Favorable type. Meanwhile, the views of the two thinkers of the Islamic world and the leaders of contemporary Islamic movements, Imam Khomeini and Sayyid Qutb deserve to be recited. Both of them considered the only way to save the oppressed nations in establishing an Islamic state, but their intellectual differences and their struggle basics led to two distinct paths; That is, the Islamic Revolution of Iran and the developments in Egypt, which indicate the strength and the power of the theories of its government. The main question of this research is, what are the similarities and differences between the ideas of Imam Khomeini and Sayyid Qutb regarding the Favorable government of the Islamic society? The hypothesis of the research is that both thinkers disagree on the necessity of forming a desirable Islamic state (divine) and some of the functions of the government, in denying the regime of tyranny and tyrants, but in determining the form of government and its formation and ruling conditions.