مجله مطالعات اجتماعی ایران
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 45، بهار 1398)

The function and historical role of the rural community is more extensive than agricultural culture and the supplying surplus production and manpower to urban, industrial, artistic and commercial sectors.  In the field of agriculture, the processes of Intensification cultivation and discoveries and inventions associated with them have an effect on the valuable nature of the rural community.  This research was carried out using documentary and survey sources. Of the nearly 3,000 books and scientific and research reports, three hundred sources have been reviewed and categorized with the help of M.A students of rural development. The author used survey data and sample statistics for analysis of rural and agricultural indicators. The results indicate that during the first decade after the victory of the Islamic Revolution and due to participatory development, the living standards of many villages increased, child mortality rates went down, and the level of welfare and awareness of the villagers rose, but the sectorization of rural development, has led many development indicators to decline over the past two decades. However, rural communities, have 38.5% of agricultural land, produce more than fifty percent of food products and seventy percent of agricultural products.  Since rural development and agricultural growth are two side of a coin, the simultaneous development of rural and agricultural communities and the reduction of urban marginalization following the realization of the strategic principles of modern protectionism will be a success. Decrease of income and welfare levels among rural communities, which is decrease from 60% in 2012 to 56% in recent years, has led to increase of parasitic situation and deepening of inequalities between rural and urban communities, both led to rise of malnutrition, disease and rapid marginalization. The best way to moderate the marginalization of the text is to return to local communities and create a rural development ministry.

The aim of this study is to analyze the citizenship culture and its influential factors among residents of Lorestan province aged 18 to 65. The main questions of study are related to the status of citizenship culture in Lorestan province and the factors affecting it. The method of study is quantitative based on sample survey. Sample size of 852 were selected via Probability multi-stage sampling. The sample includes residents of Khoramabad, Broujerd, Alighodarz, Kouhdasht, Alashtar and Poldokhtar. From each city one town and two villages were selected based on their population .In the present study the Civil and New Republicanism approach and a combination of theories of Marshal, Turner, Janoski, Rothstein were utilized. The results of the data analysis show that the average score of Citizenship Culture Index is 108.07 out 140, which is relatively high. The results show that although there is a significant difference in citizenship culture based on the origin of citizenship (rural, tribal and urban), the mean scores of citizenship culture did not show a significant difference between men and women. There was also no significant relationship between the variables of socioeconomic status and the use of mass media with citizenship culture. The results of Pearson correlation test confirmed the positive and strong relationship between social identity, feeling of economic security, social trust and tendency to ethnic and tribal affiliation and perception of political system performance with citizenship culture. The results of the structural equation modeling with AMOS also show that the above variables can explain 53% of the total variance of the dependent variable of citizenship culture.

The culture of clothing and dress style represents the values, attitudes and the culture of that community and people, specialy youths. The study aims at investigating the clothing culture of youth and its correlates in Tehran. This study was conducted on youth of 18-35 in two districts of 2 (high SES) and 16 (low SES). The sample was selected via cluster sampling method. The findings of study show no significant difference between the boys and girls'' dressing style in the studied districts(2 &16) generally. .At the feminine parties of district 2, wearing the low cut dresses were fourfold of district 16. Although there was no significant difference in the colors of clothes between boys and girls, but overally the use of bright colors in district 2 and the use of dark colors in district 16 were more prevalence.Based on the inferential analysis, boys''s style of clothing has a direct and significant correlation with their age, education, cultural capital, purchasing criteria, and their values ​​and attitudes.Religiosity had a strong inverse correlation with boy''s style of clothing, meaning that religious boys tend to wear more traditional and conventional style.According to the findings, the style of clothing has a significant correlation with the respondants'' values and attitudes. But this relation is somehow different among boys and girls. The relation is direct among boys and reverse among girls. This means that among girls more traditional attitued and values cause to their more tendency toward modern styl of clothing. This pattern in parties appears with feminine clothing style and less cover dresses and in the public spaces appears with non Islamic cloths and appearance.

In the last decade, border trade in the Baneh has had different consequences which has been unprecedented in the history of this city. The purpose of the present research is to understand the meaning system of individuals and their interpretation of value development in Baneh. The grounded theory approach has been used to achieve the research objectives. The information was collected using a deep interview technique. Through purposive sampling, two different groups of people, namely, marketers and educators, were selected. The three main coding stages were implemented separately for both groups, reaching to 18 categories. These categories include: historical poverty and difficulty of subsistence, improvement of the lives of marketers, the high efficiency of economic participation, the weakness of the industry sector, the inefficiency of agriculture and horticulture, the prosperity of the market and the border trade, the devaluation of high education, economic activism, marketization, leaving formal education, the dominance of money, comfort-seeking, autonomy, the value of material identity, material dignity, low quality of education and its frustration, and the degradation of the status of clergies and teachers. The aforementioned categories were formulated in the paradigmatic model/ grounded theory of perceived value developments.