فصلنامه رشد فناوری
پیاپی 61 (زمستان 1398)

Technology development has led to the creation of new e-commerce tools. By providing a fast, cost-effective and secure environment, these tools play an important role in developing e-commerce. One of these tools is called smart contracts. study, in a legal study of American law, seeks to answer the question of how challenging the Iranian legal system is the policy of implementing general rules of contracts in process of concluding smart contracts. answer to this question requires, in first place, to identify the nature of these contracts. Smart contracts, contracts concluded in a decentralized context with a special ceremony. Because of the specific mechanism, the policy of implementing them in legal system of Iran is primarily based on identifying intermediaries' intentions about how to obtain and accept them in the contract. In the area of ​​intent and responsibility of the interlocutors, the Iranian legal system faces challenges of recognizing the necessity and acceptance of the interlocutors, the compliance of the rules governing these contracts with norms in the Iranian society and the conflict of laws. In the domain of transaction, the challenges associated with asset identification and validation of digital instruments that are applicable to Smart contracts, in the area of ​​transaction legitimacy, language of concluding smart contracts, and the nature of the available databases and artificial intelligence are among the most important challenges of the legal system. Iran can be considered. Solving these challenges requires some legislative and executive policies to describe this research.

Today knowledge companies are known as an important tool in economic development , and because in the current market , firms face dynamic technological environments , it compels companies to think seriously about new knowledge and technology . Indeed , corporate survival is increasingly responsive to their turbulent environment when and intelligently . In other words , the founding knowledge companies should not neglect the risks of the turbulent environment and act as far as they can to mitigate those risks so that they can improve their market performance . Technological capabilities and technological intelligence are the tools that help firms to be aware of their technological environment and adapt themselves to this environment . this study seeks to investigate the relationship between organizational capabilities and فناوارانه risks and improve market performance of knowledge firms . the aim of this study is descriptive , descriptive and the method of data collection , library and the qualitative and qualitative type based on محتواست analysis and descriptive - analytical approach to describe and evaluate the content of the target community articles . thus , the present study examines the role of organizational capabilities in reducing technological risk and knowledge based on knowledge and knowledge of knowledge - based businesses , examines the role of organizational capabilities in reducing technological risks and improving the market performance of knowledge firms by mediating the more efficient and developing competition and improving the new products and services .

With the development of electronic learning, Assessment has become a major challenge in this area. Assessment is a critical element in the Teaching - Learning Process and it can affect teaching and learning. Actually Assessment is an integral part of any education system; therefore, Assessment tools are also very important. The focus of this research is on the synthesis of Learners Assessment tools in electronic learning Environments. The research approach is qualitative and its method is synthesis research. In this regard, the statistical population of the study included documents and research related to assessment tools in electronic learning environments that 21 study units were studied by available sampling method. The findings of the research show that 24 tools for assessing learners in electronic learning environment are used, which were placed in two categories of assessment tools: 1. Synchronous Communication and 2. Asynchronous Communication, and in the meantime, assessment tools with Synchronous Communication such as tests, chat and online discussion groups, and joint group assignments, and Asynchronous Communication Assessment tools such as self-assessment, projects, electronic work folders, peer assessment, and articles have the most use for assessing learners in e-learning Environments. Also tests and joint group assignments were common in both synchronous and asynchronous tools. In the end, it is suggested that used several Assessment methods to Assessment learners in the electronic learning environment, which increases the credibility of the Assessment.

Cloud computing was proposed as a new paradigm to host and provide services via Internet. Cloud computing can have various advantages for organizations including reduction in costs and increased flexibility. Nonetheless, transition from the current system on the cloud computing bed is not a simple task because it depends on a number of factors. In this applied research, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the influential factors in admission of e-health system based on cloud computing in a number of public hospitals in Tehran. In the present study, path analysis was done using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) to perceive the factors influencing the admission of cloud computing in e-health system from IT employees' viewpoint. Reviewing the related literature on Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) Model and the theory of Diffusion of Innovations (DOI), four main factors and 17 sub criteria were identified. These factors and sub-criteria were determined according to comments of specialists, university professors and IT and health experts based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Partial Least Squares. Results showed that environmental factors such as regulations, competitive pressure, commercial pressure and organizational structure, and technological factors such as accessibility, reliability, security, privacy and trust should be considered as organizational objectives when adopting the e-health system based on cloud computing. Results of the present study can play an important role in organizations such as the ministry of health and medical education that are concerned about this issue.

Innovation in a company is the key to success and survival in a competitive environment. The current study provides insights for management in the field of planning and marketing of innovative technologies such as wearable technology. Businesses with new ideas must use strategic approaches to identify and communicate effectively with innovators with the goal of successfully launching innovative products such as wearable smart products. They need to understand the importance of modernizers as crucial determinants of the adoption of smart wearable products. Therefore, the present study examines the effect of Domain specific innovativeness on Exploratory innovative products buying behavior (The consumers of Smart Wearable Products). The research method is analytical-survey, and its statistical population is the consumers of smart wearable products in Mashhad. A questionnaire was used to collect the initial data. Using the appropriate formulas, the sample size was determined to be 390. After collecting data, research hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation modeling and using Amos software. The results of the research show that domain specific innovativeness has a positive and significant effect on the exploration behavior of smart wearable products, and all four hypotheses are confirmed. At the end, suggestions are also presented based on the results.

Considering the Theorizing as an indicator for generating the knowledge of academic institutions, the participation of universities in the field of humanism in scientific development and theorization is of particular importance. The practical efficiency of the theory is conditioned on the operation of the generated knowledge and its movement from the step of analogical reasoning (normative theory) to the inductive argument (the descriptive theory) in the theoretical cycle. Thus, the Test theory in the inductive argument can be considered as the main mission of the Humanities University. In this cycle, the observed anomalies lead to the production of knowledge and theorizing and access to the authority of the Humanities University. In order to move the knowledge cycle from theory to reality and transforming knowledge into a theoretical cycle, from the deductive reasoning (normative theory) to inductive reasoning (descriptive theory), there is a need for universities to target the universities in order to participate and participate in various missions that can identify and explain these abnormalities. This means that in the knowledge production cycle all universities have the same importance in scientific development. Given the intrinsic nature of humanities universities in direct relation with society, the establishment of humanities Incubator can lead to direct association of university professors with the community and create the production of indigenous knowledge of humanities. In fact, these centers can connect with various cultural institutions of the society along the lines of indigenous patterns through the establishment of a business in the field of humanism through the use of professors from the University of Humanities and other universities. Such a structure, by removing obstacles to the development of higher education system, will define the ecosystem of education in humanities universities, which will be the basis of the theoretization based on indigenous knowledge in the country.

Technological learning is defined as an endogenous way of generating technological capabilities in developing countries, reflecting the ability of an organization to effectively use, absorb and adapt external technologies, and develop new technologies over time, responding to environmental changes. Three important features of technology learning include gradual technological change, international diffusion of technology and local technological endeavors. In this research, the factors influencing technological learning have been identified. According to studies, two main components, including technological capability (absorptive capacity) and catch up strategy have been introduced as key components. Then, by analyzing the components, the main factors of each are identified and modeled. Capabilities are identified with a set of factors that are categorized as enterprise factors (including internal knowledge of employees, organizational strategies, and technological capabilities), national factors (including market conditions and competitive environment, culture and education, policies and regulations, and Technical infrastructure) and global factors (including fluidity, multiplicity of innovations, and complexity of technologies). The level of these capabilities will determine the catch up strategy. Understanding these factors help to influence the speed and power of technological learning in firms and industries in developing countries. Considering the development of technological capabilities and absorptive capacity at the level of enterprises with the aim of promoting the localization of technology, choosing the appropriate method for acquiring technology in order to encourage learning and acquiring new skills, as well as paying attention to the development of complementary capabilities will lead to technological learning and the success of the technological plans in the country.