فصلنامه بیهوشی و درد
سال دهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1398)

Patients use various consciousness and unconsciousness mechanisms to deal with pain. the relationship between mature, immature and neurotic defense mechanism with adaptive and non-adaptive emotion regulation strategies was investigated.

In this correlative study, 200 patients with chronic pain participants in this study from Akhtar and Labafi Nejad hospitals. Participants completed the Defensive Styles Questionnaire (DSQ) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies- Short Form Questionnaire (CERQ-Short). A stepwise regression was used to analyze of findings.

Regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between immature and neurotic defense mechanism with non-adaptive emotion regulation strategies and there is a significant negative correlation with adaptive strategies of cognitive-emotional regulation. In addition, there is no significant relationship between mature defense mechanisms with adaptive and non-adaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies.

Using immature and neurotic defense mechanism in patients with chronic pain, predicting less adaptive strategies and more non-adaptive emotional regulation strategies. Therefore, in order to motive patients to apply adaptive strategies for pain management, it is necessary to overcome unconscious processes.

Surgery and anesthesia entail significant mental stress for children and their parents, the result of which remains long after the hospital experience, and even in some cases, phobia, anxiety, hysteria or nightly nightmares, and it also appears negatively. According to studies, while in many cases, nothing can take the place of the support and cuddle of the child’s parents, but this support is not effective enough to reduce the fear and excitement before surgery, and premedication has a significant clinical effect in reducing the rate of child injury from anesthesia and surgery.

Aims and background:

Recognizing the variable mediating role of openness to experience in the relationship between pain self-efficacy predictors variables, pain management strategies and resiliency with variables of pain perception criteria in chronic pain patients.

In this fundamental and descriptive-correlational study, 340 chronic pain patients were hospitalized in all hospitals in Tehran, including public and private hospitals, general and specialized centers and clinics, as well as medical centers provided by the sampling method of access available. The tools used in the Big Five Personality Examination, NEO-PI R, Pain Self-Efficacy Test, Pain Management Strategies Test, Resiliency Test, Chest Pain Perception Test, West Yon Yale. The data obtained using the least squared structural equation Minority and path analysis were analyzed in the smart PLS software.

The results of the study, openness to experience, have a full mediator role in the relationship between self-efficacy and perception of pain. Openness to experience has a mediator role in the relationship between pain management and pain perception. Openness to experience has a partial mediator role in the relationship between resilience and pain perception. The strongest mediator role in the above model relates to the role of mediating openness to experience in the relationship between self-efficacy and perception of pain.

The openness of the experience, the strong mediator of pain self efficay, the pain management strategy, persistence with the perception of pain in chronic patients. Openness to experience in a person with chronic pain affects perception of a person’s pain.

Aims and background:

LBP is one of the major costly health problems in many developed and developing countries which has many economic and social impacts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect and duration of eight weeks of core stability and Pilates exercises on sensory function, quality of life and pain in women with nonspecific chronic low back pain.

Using a purposive and accessible sampling method, 30 individuals were selected randomly and divided into three groups of 10 patients with Pilates training, central stability training, and control group. Before the beginning of exercise protocols, quality of life questionnaire was completed and pain and sensory function measurements were performed. After eight weeks and one month thereafter, assessments were repeated, as in the pre-test steps. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to evaluate the results. The significance level was considered P ≤ 0.05.

Pilates exercises and central stability had a significant effect on a visual pain scale, sensory function, and quality of life in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain. The sensory function was maintained in the central stability training group after one month.

Pilates exercises and central stability had a significant effect on a visual pain scale, sensory function, and quality of life in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain. The sensory function was maintained in the central stability training group after one month.

Aims and background

PACU, which locates next to surgery room is designed to take care of patients recovering from anesthesia and surgery. Patients which are transferred to this room are exposed to risks and irreparable complications. Therefore, standardization of this unit has a great importance for proper evaluation of patients. Therefore researchers aimed to assess the condition of PACU in Iran medical university in order to improve this unit based on new worldwide standard.

The present research is a cross-sectional descriptive study which is performed using a census report of PACU in medical university of Iran. A check-list was used as a data collection tool which surveys 3 main standards of PACU concerning the structure, equipment and functionality of these units. Data was analyzed using SPSS25.

Results showed that 7 of 11 surveyed hospitals reached the standard concerning equipments, 3 of them were near the standard index and one was below the standard index. Investigations concerning the Structure Standard showed only that 2 of 11 hospitals reached the standard, 5 were near the standard and 4 was below the standard index. Besides, no significant relation was observed between the demographic features and functional aspect in our study.

the structure of PACU in the surveyed hospitals need to be modified and reformed based on the new standards indices. Additionally, it is necessary to provide new modern equipment to these units to improve the care services for the patients.

Aims and background:

Chronic pain is s one of the most important public health problems in adults and has severe personal and economic consequences. The purpose of this study was to compare the health anxiety, sleep quality and quality of life in people with and without chronic pain.

This study was a descriptive (causal-comparative) study. The statistical population of this study was all patients with and without chronic pain in Urmia city who referred to specialized clinics of Soltanzadeh and Imam Khomeini Hospital in May to August 1977 (1800 patients). To achieve this aim, Samples of 120 people (60 patients and 60 healthy) were selected by convenience sampling method. All participants were asked to complete the Salkowsky Health Anxiety scale St. Petersburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire, and Short Life Quality of Life scale. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, Multivariate analysis of variance and independent t-test.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between individuals with and without chronic pain in health anxiety, sleep quality and quality of life (P> 0.001). Patients with chronic pain have a lower quality of sleep and quality of life compared to the group without chronic pain. The findings showed that patients with chronic pain had a higher level of health anxiety than those without chronic pain.

Aims and background:

Scapula and shoulder pain is one of the most common complaints in today’s society. Preventing of Shoulder disorders is important to avoid secondary damage to the shoulder, such as impingement and shoulder instability. Dyskinesia is used to describe the reduction of natural physiological control, mechanics, and scapular movement. The increase in the amount of surgical operations and costs associated that non-surgical treatment, such as exercise therapy, has made the need for prevention programs more effective. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six weak corrective exercises on pain and  disability in patients with dyskinesia scapula syndrome.

The statistical population of the present study were academic women with dyskinesia. At first, 30 patients with dyskinesia in scapula were diagnosed using wall functional tests and internal shoulder rotation and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Subjects with inferior angle Prominence and scapular edges were selected as subjects with dyskinesia’s scapula.  Pain evaluation was performed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and disability was assessed by hand shoulder disability questionnaire. Then six weeks of comprehensive corrective combined exercises including stability, strengthening and muscular strength training were performed for three sessions per week for the experimental group. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and paired t-test.in SPSS software.

There was a significant difference between the two groups in the pain and disability variable after the intervention, so that the intervention group improved more than the control group (P <0.005).

With reliance on the findings of the research, the use of corrective exercise program is suggested to improve pain in people with scapular dyskinesia.

Aims and background:

  The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy on pain acceptance and self-efficacy pain in spinal column surgery patients who were referred to Milad hospital.

In this semi-experimental study with pre and post test control group design was used, 96 peopel who were qualified according to inclusive criteria have been chosen among the men whoeme undrewent spinal surgery by convenient method.Therfore 45 male subjects were chosen randomly and  assigned to two experimental and control groups (each with 15peopel).First group recevied acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and second learned shema therapy and control group had no learning.This  study was to analyze the data from the test ANCOVA.

Result showed the efficacy of both acceptance and commitment therapy  and  schema therapy based on reducing amount pain and increase self-efficacy.

The results revealed that schema therapy  focuses on the challenge and cognition and acceptance and commitment therapy focuses on the process to creat positive and appropriate changes in patients  whome underwnt surgical procedure.