International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Autumn 2019

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of luffa aegyptiaca extracts (LAP) on the growth performance of broiler chicken fed corn-soya meal diet. The study was carried out between January to March, 2019. A total of two hundred day old broiler chicks of mixed sex (Ross 308) were allocated into four treatment groups, each group was further divided into five replicates each of ten (10) birds. The growth performance parameters measured are: initial body weight, final body weight, average weight gain, average feed intake, average water intake and mortality. Clean feed and water were provided ad libitum and the experiment lasted for 42 days. Treatment 1 contained 1.25 g/ litre of Oxyteracycline, treatment 2, 3 and 4 contained LAP at 10, 20 and 30ml/litre. There was a significant (p0.05) influenced by LAP and OXY. It was concluded that LAP could be orally administered up to 30 ml/litre to broiler chickens without any negative effect on the growth and health performance of the animal.

Sorghum stemborer species remains key yield limiting factor for sorghum production in the Nigerian semi-arid region. When they can afford, farmers rely almost solely on synthetic insecticides for control. Owing to the misuse and environmental and health challenges attributed to the use of synthetic insecticides, a two-year field study was carried out at the University of Maiduguri Research Farm to evaluate the efficacy of various neem dust formulations for the control of Sorghum stemborers. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design and various neem dust formulations were compared with carbaryl dust and the control (untreated). All the insecticide treatments significantly (p < 0.05) reduced stalk and peduncle damage caused by stemborers with a resultant increase in grain yield when compared with the control. Neem Kernel Powder (NKP) + Finesand proved more superior in efficacy than all the other insecticide treatments in checking stemborer damage.

As cancer is the top killer diseases in the world, the scientists and researchers have been searching the new drugs and remedy methods. Most of the anticancer drugs are organic compounds which were approved by the FDA while metallodrugs are very rare. In the present time, some palladium and rhodium complexes are going to use as anticancer molecules. The palladium (II) complex has higher anticancer activity against different cancer cell that is why the different amine ligands are considered under theoretical study by the method of density functional theory (DFT) to make a new molecule. Some thermo-physical parameter was conducted such as free energy, entropy, dipole moment, binding energy, nuclear energy, electronics energy, the heat of formation. On the other hand, the chemical reactivity properties like occupied Molecular Orbital Highest (HOMO), Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO), HOMO-LUMO gap, ionization potential, electronegativity, hardness, softness and electron affinity, and biological properties like charge density, surface area grid, volume, LogP, polarizability, refractivity, molecular mass were calculated using the DFT method. To make comparative biological properties, different anions such as chloride, nitrate, hydroxide, carbonate and sulfate ions were used as homogeneous and heterogeneous adding.

GABAergic drugs can change analgesic effect of morphine. Wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons play an important role in pain transmission and may change behaviors in morphine tolerance. In this study WDR neuron behaviors in morphine tolerant rats and rats treated with GABA agonists, were recorded to elucidate the effect of morphine and GABA agonists on WDR behavioral changes. Rats were divided to 4 groups: 1. Control, 2. Morphine tolerance (MT), 3. MT+ muscimol, 4- MT+ baclofen. To induce morphine tolerance in rats, they received morphine sulfate 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 8 days. In treatment group, GABA agonists were injected on days 1, 3, 5 and 8 before injection of morphine. To confirm morphine tolerance induced, formalin test was used. Extracellular single unit recording was used to record spinal WDR neurons. Results showed that chronic administration of morphine failed to attenuate formalin pain but GABA agonists improved analgesic effect of morphine.

Harvester ants (Messor galla Forel) defied various control strategies. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Spent Engine-Oil and other nature-based materials on their emergence in Maiduguri, Borno State of Nigeria. The treatments evaluated are spot application of spent engine-oil and some natural materials in experiment 1 and individual and equal mixture of Pure Neem Seed Kernel oil and Spent Engine-oil in experiment 2. Spot application of permethrin served as control. Experiment 1 results shows no significant difference (p > 0.05) between permethrin and spent engine-oil (which was the most effective treatment). While neem seed oil was significantly (p < 0.01) more effective than the untreated control, the result on the 28th day after application showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the population index of ants that emerged from nests treated with aqueous neem seed extract, salt/potash solution and extract of Eugenia aromatic fruit from those of the control. Experiment 2 result showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) between Permethrin, Spent Engine-oil, Neem Seed Kernel Oil and, equal mixture by volume of Pure Neem Seed Kernel Oil and Spent Engine-Oil in controlling the emergence of the ants. These were however, significantly different (p > 0.05) from the untreated control. While the result shows no significant difference between the treatments, it was observed that equal mixture of Spent Engine-oil and Neem Seed Kernel Oil was most effective, followed by Spent Engine-Oil, Permethrin and Neem Seed Kernel Oil, in that order.

In this work, the copolymer-based synthesized Cysteine-loaded nanocarriers prepared by a routine protocol, coprecipitation method. It is the first report to investigate the neuroprotective potential and biocompatibility of Cysteine derivatives loaded into poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε−caprolactone) methyl ether (PEG-b-PCL). The average size of the polymeric/empty NCs was 89 nm and for polymeric/Synthesized derivative of Cysteine was 126 nm. The Drug Loading efficiency was 81%. The concentration of Polymeric NCs was 2.1 x 10 10 particles/ml and the zeta potential of polymeric/empty and polymeric/ Synthesized derivative of Cysteine NCs -5 mV and -11 mV respectively. Biological part of this work were investigated in the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line using cell viability and toxicity assays. The concentration of polymeric NCs below 1 x 10 10 particles/ml described as a zero-point damageable for the cell line. Also the Synthesized derivative of Cysteine encapsulated into polymeric NCs have more neuroprotective effect compared to free Cysteine at lower concentration, and therefore, have a significant neuroprotective potential against Z-VAD-fmk and St-evoked SH-SY5Y cell damage.

Turbidity currents in the ocean and lakes are driven by suspended sediment. The vertical profiles of velocity and excess density are shaped by interaction between the current and bed as well as between the current and the ambient water. This paper presents 48 series of experiments in which saline gravity currents flow through a laboratory sinuous flume. flume contains three successive bends with three different relative curvature radiuses: R/B=2, 4 and 6, 8.5m length, 20cm width and 70cm height. Experiments performed by four discharges (0.7, 1, 1.5, 2 lit/s) and four concentrations (10, 15, 20, 25 gr/lit). ADV was used to record the local velocity. According to the results of experiments on the mobile bed, increasing the concentration of the incoming flow, the flow velocity of the fluid is also increased and, the maximum velocity occurs near the bed instead of the top of the current. The important point in the flow rate profiles is that the rate of increase in velocity depends on changes in the form of the bed due to the increase in concentration. By increasing concentrations of turbidity flow, the shear stress of the bed is also increased. Therefore, the rate of increase in velocity will occur by removing the bed forms and reducing the roughness and shear stress of the bed. Thus, increasing the concentration increases the power of the current, so at the beginning, the roughness and shear stress of the bed increased and then by removal of bed forms shear stress decreased.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the heamato-biochemical, relative organ weight and bacteria count of broiler chicken given different levels of Luffa aegyptiaca leaf extract (LUF). A total of 250 day old Ross 308 broiler chicks of mixed sex were divided into five treatments, each group was further divided into five replicates each of ten (10) birds in a completely randomized design. Birds in treatment A were given 1.20g/litre of Neomycin in water, treatment B, C, D and E were given 5, 10, 15 and 20 ml/litre of LUF. Clean feed and water was given ad libitum and the experiment lasted for 3 weeks. The data obtained was used to evaluate the haematological parameters (PCV, RBC, Hb, WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC), serum biochemical indices (Albumin, globulin, calcium, phosphorus, SGPT and SGOT), organ weight (liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lungs, pancreas and small intestine) and bacteria count (E.coli and Lactobacillus). Result obtained revealed that there was no significant differences (p>0.05) in the haematological, relative organ weight, serum biochemical parameters and E.coli count obtained. However, there was a significant difference (p