فصلنامه انتظام اجتماعی
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1398)

Among the types of thefts, petty thefts, including financial crimes, are more common than other types of theft. The police, using the latest scientific methods, are trying to take effective preventive measures. The purpose of this study is to identify the police enforcement measures to prevent petty theft in Qom province.

In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of its nature it is considered as a descriptive-analytic study which has been conducted in qualitative method. The statistical population includes 15police elites who were selected using theoretical saturation method. To assure the validity, the opinions of the professors were employed and to test the reliability, the test-retest, comparability and reproducibility were conducted.

In total, 25 indicators were identified as police enforcement measures in the prevention of petty-theft, out of which 12 indicators (46.15%) were social prevention measures, 8 (30.77%) were law enforcement preventive measures, 4 (15.38%) as situational prevention and 1 (7.69%) as criminal prevention.

In the field of social prevention some cases like informing citizens, in law enforcement prevention the identification and treatment of malicious people and providing adequate and up-to-date training to patrols; in situational prevention inaccessibility of public properties, the installation of cameras and equipment for image monitoring and reconstruction of worn-out textures, and in criminal prevention  the identification professional offenders, identification and intensification of deterrent punishment have been emphasized. Qom police need to provide plans to strengthen identified indicators by focusing on common social indicators in order to effectively prevent petty-theft offenses.

Jihadi management is a culture and ideology based on religious teachings. The most important motivation for healthy life and deterrent crime at the community level is the internal factors. The maturity of intra-individual jihadi management provides the inner strength to live a healthy life. Due to the importance of crime prevention in community health, the present study has presented a framework of soft systems for crime prevention with jihadi approach.

The present study is one of the descriptive-analytical researches. In this regard, using the experts' opinions, we have implemented 7 steps of soft systems. In the approach of soft systems methodology, one does not deal with the problem itself but with the constituent factors. This research, by defining the root definitions, developing a conceptual model, comparing the real world with the conceptual world, and identifying solutions is to formulate jihadi management with a soft systems methodology approach to deal with existing problems.

The 7-step algorithm methodology of soft systems for utilizing jihadi crime prevention management suggests that crime prevention management in society interacts with people, police, and trustee organizations, with the emphasis on institutionalizing the culture of education among different strata, eliminating opportunities for committing a crime and raising the cost of crime in the cultural, social, economic and judicial environment is possible through the role of law enforcement and law enforcement agencies and overcoming restrictions.

Utilizing the methodology of soft systems provided a comprehensive framework for crime prevention with jihadi approach in the law enforcement, so that concepts, worldviews, customers, processes, owners and constraints were identified.

Conflicts in developing societies and evolving from the traditional to the modern societies are observed because of the shifting social values and the decline of the existing norms. Ardabil province has experienced many conflicts over the past years. Accordingly, the main purpose of this research is to explain the formation of collective strife and conflict in Ardabil province.

The present study is a meta-analysis in terms of its methodology. Meta-analysis is a quantitative method in survey studies to achieve a certain effect size through the Cohen test. The statistical population of the study consisted of 19 authoritative research studies (articles, dissertations and theses) and 13 samples were selected after validity and reliability assessment. Its time span ranged from 2013 to 2017.

The findings show that the level of tendency to strife and conflict is high (34%), moderate (37%) and low (29%). Collective strife, as the main dependent variable, is influenced by social capital (effect size = 0.291), social control (effect size = 0.194), social dissatisfaction (effect size = 0.189), tribal attachment (effect size = / 169). 0) and social differences (effect size = 0.274).

In the traditional societies such as Ardabil province, the strife and conflict is one of those damages that is influenced by other social factors such as social capital, social control and social disputes that are needed to be taken into considerations by the administrative and enforcement agencies to prevent the continuation and intensification of the phenomenon of collective strife using appropriate measures such as strengthening social capital and controlling traditional attachments and dissatisfaction and social differences.

Violent behaviors among football fans have been one of the most important aberrations and abnormalities that have occurred in sports fields over the past years. The purpose of the present study was to identify and prioritize strategies for preventing crimes caused by football fans' violence.

This study is descriptive in terms of type and in terms of its objectives it is of an applied research. The solutions were divided into two general statuses of situational and social categories. Situational components were classified according to Clark (2005) model and social components based on Shaw and Mackie (1992) model and research questionnaire was designed accordingly. Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaire was 0.90, indicating appropriate internal consistency of the questionnaire and validity of the questionnaire was also determined based on confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population consisted of sport managers and faculty members who were aware of the field of study. The samples were selected using purposive and convenient sampling method; 117 individuals, including 82 sport managers and 35 faculty members. One-sample t-test and Friedman test were used for data analysis.

In the overall ranking, the social component of increasing the difficulty of committing a crime with an average rating of 4.71 was ranked first; the social component of improving amenities with a mean rating of 4.67 was ranked second; and the two situational components of increasing the risk and not stimulating to committing a crime were ranked third and fourth with average rating of 4.26 and 4.07, respectively.

In order to implement preventive strategies, a combination of situational and social strategies should be applied, with emphasis on situational strategies. To achieve optimal outcomes for situational remedies, increasing the difficulty of committing crimes, and for social remedies, improving the facilities must be taken into account as the priority measures.

Teaching, informing, and persuading people of new approaches are the maximum participation of all social elements in the process of production and reproduction of security, which is the primary mission of the law enforcement force in the formulation and implementation of public education at all levels of society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of social deputy's education on social-law enforcement awareness of high school students (case study of Qazvin).

The research method was quasi-experimental in which the statistical population of the study consisted of all the secondary school students who were studying in the academic year of 2016-2017. The sample size was 350 individuals based on cluster sampling method and Morgan table. A researcher-made questionnaire and a structured interview (before and after public education) were used for data collection. Its validity was calculated through a panel of experts and reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.79). The data were analyzed by nonparametric U-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, T-test and one-way ANOVA.

The results of T-test show that there is a positive and significant relationship regarding the effectiveness of social support deputy teachings on the social-law enforcement awareness of students (awareness of the mission and educational measures of the I.R.I. Police (3.3), familiarity with the dangers and threats (drugs, conflict and strife and accidents) (2/3), familiarity with rules and regulations (2/3), interest in working with social support deputy (4/3), use of teachings in real situations (9/9) and referring to social support deputy for problem solving (3/3). Also, according to the results of Kruskal-Wallis test, providing teaching at different educational levels has no effect on students' socio-law enforcement awareness. Finally, based on the one-way ANOVA test of parental education, it increases students' socio-law enforcement awareness. Therefore, all the hypotheses of the study were confirmed.

The results showed that the use of public education is effective in preventing social harm and law enforcement with the help of relevant organizations can reduce the threat of social harm by using public education.

Today, one of the main urban needs is security. Lack of security causes other planning and actions in the city to fail. Most residents of traditional neighborhoods and cities feel more secure than residents of new urban areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and extent of second generation crime prevention through environmental design in influencing the sense of security in the historical textures of Sabzevar.

In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of methodology it is considered as a descriptive-analytical study. The required data and information were collected using both field studies and documentary method. Bivariate analysis and multiple regression were used to assess the impact of second generation crime prevention through environmental design on citizens' sense of security through linear regression test.

Evaluation of Bivariate Correlation Analysis Model showed that in the collective culture group, the level of willingness to help others with the correlation coefficient of 0.181 and in the out-of-neighborhood communication group, the variable of the rate of out-of-neighborhood communication with 0.172, in the capacity threshold group, the variable of level of comfort and dissatisfaction with 0.020, and in the context of social solidarity index, the variable of the probability of helping people in times of danger with the correlation coefficient of 0.474 had the highest and direct impact on increasing the sense of security. Also the results of linear regression in determining the amount of impact of each of the second generation components of crime prevention through environmental design indicate that among the components, social correlation index with beta coefficient of 0.447 and capacity threshold with beta coefficient of 0.240 had the greatest effect on increasing the sense of security; also the components of collective culture (-0.06) and out-of-neighborhood communication (-0.038) had a negative and reverse relationship with sense of security.

Based on the results of the first hypothesis test (the relationship between the component of collective culture with the sense of security), it was found that the highest negative correlation coefficient (-0.130) existed between the two components and this hypothesis was not confirmed. Also, the second hypothesis (out-of-neighborhood communication with a sense of security) was rejected because of the negative correlation coefficient (-0.038). The results showed that the third hypothesis (relation of capacity threshold with sense of security) with the correlation coefficient of 0.240 was confirmed. Also, the fourth hypothesis (correlation of social solidarity with sense of security) was very strongly confirmed with the correlation coefficient of 0.447.

Institutionalizing courtesy and ethics at the police force is a way to promote public participation and police success and to create creativity and dynamism at the organization level. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethics and courtesy of staff members with clients honor in Sari police force.

In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of methodology it is considered as a descriptive-survey study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all law enforcement personnel of Sari city and 260 of them were selected as sample. Inferential statistical method was used for data analysis.

The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between ethics and courtesy with the client's honor (sig = 0.000). Also among the studied indices, the highest correlation (0.225 with 3% level) is between the order and planning and clients' honor.

According to the results of the research, it has been found that among ethics and courtesy indices; good behavior, order and planning and respectful attitude have the most influence on clients' satisfaction.

Today, the importance of security for society is not hidden from anyone. Security has two objective and subjective dimensions (sense of security). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social variables related to police on sense of social security in Hamadan province.

The research method was correlational and data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this study consisted of all residents of Hamadan province. 576 individuals were selected using cluster sampling method.

The findings showed that the sense of social security in Hamadan province was at an average level with the mean value of 3.05. Respondents had the highest sense of security in terms of finance (3.17), life (3.137), occupation (3.008) and ethics (2.784), respectively. Findings showed the relationship between the variables of crime prevention by police (β = 0.27), police social services (β = 0.12), satisfaction with police (β = 0.15), police cooperation and participation (β = 0.23), trust in police (β = 0.10), and sense of anomie (β = -0.22) with a sense of social security. In multivariate analysis, the studied variables explained 47% of the variance in the sense of social security (  = 0.47).

Police social capital and police empowerment and social activity are directly correlated with increased sense of social security among citizens, and as these social variables related to police increase, citizens' sense of security increases.