مجله روانشناسی و روانپزشکی شناخت
سال ششم شماره 6 (پیاپی 27، بهمن و اسفند 1398)

The birth order and the frequency of criminal record can be factors affecting on the stress and attention deficit / hyperactivity of the thieves.

The present study evaluates the stress and attention deficit / hyperactivity symptoms in a group of thieves in terms of birth order and frequency of criminal record.

This research was a causal comparative study in which 100 individuals commited theft who in the years 2015-2016 in Rasht central prison were punished by non-random targeted sampling were selected. Samples by the legal and demographic variables inventory, the stress scale, Conners’ adult attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder rating scale-self-report-screening version, and the Wender Utah rating scale were studied and data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and univariate analysis of variance.

With the exception of the relationship between birth order with Conners’ attention deficit and the frequency of criminal record with Conners’ hyperactivity impulsivity (P>0.05), other components of Conners’ attention deficit hyperactivity and Wender childhood attention deficit hyperactivity in second and third children, and individuals with two, three or more criminal records is more than the first born and people with one criminal record (P<0.05). Meanwhile, none of these groups showed a difference in stress level (P>0.05).

The birth order and the frequency of criminal record can have a significant relationship with the representation of attention deficit / hyperactivity symptoms of thieves. Therefore, monitoring, evaluation and psychological intervention of these individuals with the aim of reducing impulsive behaviors will be recommended.

Paranoid thoughts are common symptom in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Evidence reveals the role of cognitive factors in these thoughts.

The present study was conducted in other to predict the paranoid thoughts basing on cognitive biases and self-reflection in patients with schizophrenia.

The correlational method was used in this study. The whole patients with schizophrenia, hospitalized in Isar and Fatemi psychiatric hospitals of Ardabil city in the second half of 2017 year, comprised statistical population of this study. Among this population, One hundred and twenty six patients were selected by purposeful sampling method and participated in this study. Paranoid thoughts questionnaire, Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale and self-reflection and insight scale were used to gather data. The gathered data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression tests.

The correlational results showed that paranoid thoughts are positively related to Jumping to conclusions bias, belief inflexibility bias, attention for threat bias, external attribution bias, social cognition problems, subjective cognitive problems, safety behavior and total score of cognitive biases, but related negatively to insights and total score of self-reflection and insight. The results of regression analysis also showed that 57% of variance of the paranoid thoughts was explained by cognitive biases, and 36% of them explained by self-reflection and insight.

The results of this study demonstrated that cognitive biases in thoughts and low self-reflection can be predictive factors for paranoid thoughts in patients with schizophrenia. Thus, the cognitive interventions targeted these variables can be used to improve the paranoid thought in these patients.

Social anxiety is one of the most common diseases of the modern age that has caused many disturbances in different areas of young girls lives and reduced their self-esteem.

The purpose of this study was The Relationship between Yoga Exercises and Social Physical Anxiety in Athletic Girls.

This is a correlation-comparative study. The study population consisted of girls attending yoga classes. Of these, 201 were selected based on the Morgan table And the scale of physical activity and social anxiety was provided by Hart (1998). Pearson correlation test and regression analysis were used for data analysis.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between social anxiety and physical activity indices in the whole sample which is negatively correlated (p<0.05). Thus, with the increase in each of the physical activity indices, the level of social anxiety decreased.

As a result, it can be said that exercise has additional benefits because it helps people feel better about themselves. Accordingly, maintaining a regular physical activity gradually reduces the motivational role of social anxiety and athletes achieve their goals in fitness.

Hearing loss affects different aspects of life, while the use of a cognitive rehabilitation program based on memory is associated with desirable outcomes.

The aim of present study was to investigation the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation program based on memory on the working memory profile and prospective memory in hearing loss students.

The present research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test design and control group. The participants were 24 male hearing loss students from schools in Shahr-e-Kord city who selected through convenient sampling method. Subjects were divided into experimental and control groups, each group consisted of 12 students. The experimental group received 10 sessions of cognitive rehabilitation program based on memory, while the control group did not. The instruments of research were working memory test battery for children and prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire. Data were analyzed by MANCOVA.

The results showed that cognitive rehabilitation program based on memory had a significant effect on the working memory and prospective memory in the experimental groups (P<0.0001).

According to the findings, cognitive rehabilitation program based on memory improved working memory profile and prospective memory in hearing loss students. So, this program can be used to improve of working memory profile and prospective memory of these students and planning for providing of cognitive rehabilitation program based on memory for them have special importance.

Depression and anxiety of women victims of violence are affected by several personality and cognitive variables such as mindfulness and alexithymia.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of mindfulness and alexithymia in predicting depression and anxiety in women victims of spouse violence.

The research design was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population consisted of 155 women victims of spouse violence who were selected by simple random sampling method and were tested using Toronto Mood Scale (TAS-20), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The data were analyzed by SPSS-20 software and Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analyses.

The results showed that mindfulness and alexithymia were able to predict significantly depression and anxiety in women victims of spouse violence.

Mindfulness and alexithymia are influential factors in depression and anxiety in women who are victims of violence. The finding can be considered as preventive programs and provide different treatment strategies for this susceptible group.

Death anxiety can be one of the important psychological diagnoses in cancer patients.

The peresent study aimed at predicting death anxiety based on emotional self-regulation and self-efficacy in cancer patients.

This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all of cancer patients in Kermanshah city in the years 2019. A sample of 150 cancer patients were randomly selected. Measurement tools included death anxiety questionnaire, Gross and John emotional self-regulation questionnaire, Scherrer self-efficacy questionnaire. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and Concurrent regression were used.

The results showed that there is no significant relationship between emotional self-regulation and death anxiety (P=0.29, R=-0.087). But there is a significant inverse relationship between self-efficacy and death anxiety (P<0.001). Although The results of regression analysis showed that emotional self-regulation and self-efficacy predict 15% of the variance of the death anxiety variable.

Based on the findings in this study, it is necessary to emphasize these psychological characteristics in educational, prevention and treatment programs in hospitals.

With the emergence of the third wave of cognitive-behavioral therapies that are mainly based on mindfulness and acceptance, "compassion" and "self-compassion" have also been studied. Kristin Neff (2003) conceptualized the construct of self-compassion and introduced some scales to assess it. The purpose of current study is to illustrate of self-compassion and its components. It also deals with; the relationship of self-compassion with psychopathology and well-being, its differentiation from self-esteem, source of compassion, and its role in therapeutic settings. The data used in the current study which was done in 2019, was collected from articles indexed in databases, PubMed, Science-Direct, Google Scholar and Scopus. The collection of reviewed studies consisted of 35 articles covering both quantitative and qualitative research in English since year 2003. The findings show that higher self-compassion is associated with lower anxiety and depression and higher psychological well-being. Furthermore, Self-compassion leads to positive emotions. According to Gilbert (2009), self-compassion is rooted in one's relationships with early caregivers, but research has shown that psychological interventions can improve it. Although, self-compassion has introduced in recent years, it has led to many studies. Self-compassion can be enhanced with treatments such as Mindful Self Compassion (MSC), Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT), Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT).

The birth of a child with autism has a huge impact on the psychological well-being of parents, especially mothers.

The aim of this research was to investigate effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on the mothers' psychological well-being of children with autism and reduction of symptoms these children.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre and post design with control group. The Statistical population consisted of all mothers of children with autism who referred to autistic centers in Isfahan city. In order to do the research, 30 mothers of autistic children were selected by available sampling method. They were randomly divided into two groups: control and experimental (15 in the control group and 15 in the experimental group). The experimental group received 10 sessions of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy. The instruments used in this research were the Psychological Well-being Scale of Ryff and Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS).

The results of covariance analysis (by used spss-22) indicated that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy had a significant effect on the psychological well-being of mothers. Also, the results showed that this training had a significant effect on the symptoms of autistic children in the areas of stereotypical behaviors, interactions and social communication (p <0.01).

According to the results, this method can be used to help parents' mental health and improving symptoms of autism children.

Creativity is a multi-dimensional structure measured by a variety at methods.

This study has been done with the aim of comparing creativity among hypomanic and highly schizotypal with normal individuals.

The method of this research is comparative causative research and statistical community consisted of undergraduate of Tabriz University in the academic year of 2017-2018. The sample size was 1570 student were selected Using randomized cluster sampling and completed schizotypy personality questionnaire (Raine & et al 1994) and Hypomania Checklist (Forty & et al 2010) and were divided into 3 groups of normal, highly schizotypal and hypomanic, afterward they completed Abedi Creativity Test (Daemi and Moghimi 2004), Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking Verbal Form B (Torrance, 1988) and drawing with Latin letters (made questionnaire). The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA.

The results showed that hypomania and highly schizotypy groups (psychosis-prone individuals) obtained significantly higher scores than normal groups in creativity assessment tools. (P<0.05).

Schizotypy and Hypomania are related to creativity and the results of this study can be used as on evidence to confirm the relationship between inverted-U creativity and psychopathology.

One of the problem in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder is desire to recall the subject of trauma and also difficult in retrieval specified memories.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of autobiographical memory specificity training on post-traumatic stress symptoms in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder in Isfahan.

This study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test and follow up along with the control group. The population was hospitalized veterans in Rajaee hospital of Isfahan in 2017. 30 patients suffering from PTSD were selected through convenience sampling method and assigned randomly to two groups of experimental and control. The measure of study was post-traumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL). First, the pre-test was conducted in two groups, then experimental group (n=15) was trained for 7 two- hours sessions in group according to autobiographical memory specificity training (MEST). After training post-test were taken from both groups. Data were analyzed by covariance method.

The results showed that experimental group that have received autobiographical memory specificity training, have less post-traumatic stress symptoms than control group (P<0.05).

According to the results of the study, autobiographical memory specificity training(MEST) can be used as an important intervention in the prevention and treatment of post- traumatic stress symptoms along with current treatments.

Learning disabilities is one of the neuropsychological disorders that refers to delay and decrease in students' performance in some subjects, such as arithmetic, reading, writing, spelling and speaking, therefore they create a significant gap between students' potential and actual performance.

The aim of this study has been meta-analysis of the effect of psychological nervous interventions on improving academic performance in students with specific learning disabilities.

This study has been performed by the meta-analysis method. The statistical population includes dissertations and researches published in scientific-research journals that have been done over the past 10 years (2009-2018) in the field of neuropsychological interventions to improve the academic performance in students with learning disabilities in Iran. Sample size was out of 36 studies which 24 methodologically that they were acceptable and the meta-analysis has been performed on them. The research tool is the meta-analysis checklist.

These researches were based on 695 samples and 24 effect sizes. The findings showed, the effect size of the nervous interventions on academic performance improving in students with specific learning disabilities was d =1.58 (p = 0.001). According to Cohen's table this effect size is high.

The results indicated that these neuropsychological interventions have had a great effect on improving students' academic performance with specific learning disabilities. Furthermore, it is recommended for the experts to use these interventions on improving academic performance on these students. Moreover, based on different therapeutic approaches, it is important to consider the cultural context in different societies.

Due to nature of the cancer threat, the diagnosis of this disease causes the spiritual needs of patients to increase dramatically.

This study was conducted to Comparison of Spiritual Health in Cancer and Non-Cancer Patients in Sanandaj, Tohid Hospital in 2018.

This case-control study was conducted in Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj in 2018. The research population consisted of 60 cancer patients admitted to Tohid Hospital. The instrument of data was questionnaire and the data was collected using a simple sampling method. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation test used by SPSS Software.

The results of this study showed that there was not significant relationship between two groups (p≥0.05).

It is recommended that the promotion of spiritual health in diseases such as cancer, which affects the body and the minds of individuals, should be considered as specific, because promoting spiritual health will improve the physical and mental health of the patient.