نشریه مطالعات ملی
سال بیست و یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی 81، بهار 1399)

The Persian language is a key element of Iranian Identity. This language faced with changing phenomena during times. The main goal of this article is to recognize and examine some lingual phenomena appeared in this language which threaten its existence and identity. Unbridled entrance of foreign language concepts in the Persian language system and incorrect writing entitled as wicked masses. The present article by applying descriptive-analytical method and inspired by two theoretical frameworks named "wicked problems" and the "identity-making function of languages", aimed at the main question: why are these masses can be called wicked? The main hypothesis is wicked problems are persistent, have no clear solutions, they have unsatisfactory consequences, so rethinking about the traditional solutions is inevitable. These wicked masses run by multivariate causes, and as complicated phenomena play a destructive role for key component of Iranian identity; Persian language, so it necessitates perceptional changes and structural reconfiguration.

One of the most important functions of the education system of the Islamic Republic of Iran in terms of its overall goals is preservation and transmission of the cultural heritage as one of the most fundamental pillars of identity consolidation, creativity, and national self-efficacy through designing book contents for students. Taking this into consideration, the aim of the current paper was to investigate how much attention was paid to the components of the cultural heritage by social studies books at middle schools.
The purpose of this applied study was to determine the extent to which the components of the cultural heritage were emphasized in social studies books of the middle schools with content analysis as the research method. The statistical population included all of the middle school books in 2015-2016 and the sample size was selected based on the desirable materials of the social studies books using purposive sampling. The findings showed that books, manuscripts, containers, mosques, palaces, inscriptions, reliefs, personalities and religion were the most frequent components. In contrast, the least frequent components were found to be Jewelry, slates, caravansaries, reservoirs, historic gardens, the art and skill of carpentry, performing arts, stories and legends.

Various generations in any society are one of the most significant assets and they transfer and maintain of values and norms of their previous generations. Somehow, these values and norms shape and stablish the social identity and common live of a nation. Therefore, there is an important outcome in studying of the variance or difference about how any generation have its own interpretation or point of view about the fundamental values and norms. In this regard, the present paper has studied of generations differences in Iran by using of discourse ananlysis of Phenomenological method. The studied indexes in generational difference or disconnection is "difference in interpretation and reading of the values". To this point, the paper has answered to the question that what are differences between younger and older generations about cognition and interpretation of the values. The results show that concepts like individuality, modernism, comparative mind, lacking of an applicable wares to transferring of values, epicuristic manner and pleasuring, independentism and incongruousness in family are the most effective core concepts that have a role in shaping of differences of values reading between two older and younger generations. In addition, besides of differences, there are some common concepts between the two generations that most important of them are as below: unsatisfying of current situation and infiltration of social media, cyberspace and social networks. As a policy recommendation, we suggest to operating a strategic planning and decision-making about the current economic situation of Iran to avoiding of becoming of the differences into the conflicts.

In order to give new thoughts to identity issues in the modern era, it is necessary to develop an attitude based on the field facts and analyze the views of contemporary scholars in this field. To come to the view that another side of negativity in identity issues is to reflect them positively and effectively, requires an appropriate attempts in this regard. Analyzing the content of Ayatollah Khamenei's remarks by focusing on the content of the guidelines is the result of an attempt to identify three dimensions of the identity of the fourth decade of the revolution - Iranian, Islamic, national, and revolutionary dimensions - As a result, identity issues, in addition to their negative effects, are characterized and evaluated positively as: spreading the spirit of defending the independent borders of national and religious identity in the people; felling of identity based on the Islamic values, developing the moral of staying against the enemies and super powers, the emergence of a spirit of resistance against the arrogant enemies inside the country and spreading this feeling among the other Muslim nations. Moreover,using quantitative content analysis of remarks by employing Max Q Da software, is among the specific features of this study.

In this essay, Hezare- ye - Dovvom - e - Ahoo - ye - Koohi, Shafie Kadkani, is analyzed with a mythological approach. The problem is that mythical elements and phenomena can have different functions in poetry and underpin the development of various aspects of thought in literary works. In this poetry notobook, using various mythologies, social, historical and mystical backgrounds have been developed in the body of poems; in addition to formalistic and anti-partisan tendencies, a capacity has been created that incorporates myths and themes consistent with the subject matter and multiple functions. This feature can be seen in some of the poems of this notobook individually. For example, the first poem written in the form of a verse is analyzed with the same approach in this article. Finally, in addition to the peculiarity of the wisdom of this poem, some of these functions that have shadowed throughout this collection are also featured in this poem. Therefore, more and less all sections of this poetry notobook are influenced by the two-fold relationship between the mythology and the formalist poetry. This mythology has represented the individual and national identity of Iranian culture, so the discourse seeks to examine the relation between myth and identity in the " Hezare- ye- Dovvom " as well.

The purpose of this study was to narrate experiences and effects of Veteran women (Janbaz) on chemical bombing in Sardasht .The theoretical lens of women's gender schema and the culture and gender identity of the Kurds was used to study the effects and consequences of war. Research participants are all veterans of Sardasht city during the years 1366-1397. The sampling method was purposive and 15 individuals were interviewed until theoretical saturation. By collecting data, reviewing the transcripts of the interviews, comparing them sequentially, the narrative of the experiences of chemical women in Sardasht was finally analyzed in three situations: pre-war experience, time of chemical event, and end of war. In the first position titled "Women on the Verge of War": Veteran women of Sardasht lived their daily lives in a border town full of fear and hope in the days of war. In the second position: "Chemical women on the battlefield": At this stage, the women of Sardasht are unintentionally involved in the battlefield after the chemical bombing.
The third position, "The Feminine Face of War," marks the end of the narrative of women's experiences of war. This phase continues as a departure from the chemical event and the end of the war to the boundary near everyday life. Overall, the role of women in the war cannot be understood as a passive role for women, since they were actively assisting and rescuing other victims, both relatives and non-combatants, during the bombing. In fact, their struggle and resistance were not focused on their own survival, but trying to survive the others. They also gave a special priority to those around them.

This article studies the process of ethnic developments in the region of Azerbaijan. The main question is what has been the nature of the ethnic developments in Azerbaijan after the Islamic Revolution in Iran, and what is its purpose? In response to this question, it is emphasized that the ethnic movement of Azerbaijan, inducing a sense of relative deprivation and civil disobedience towards political, economic, cultural and social events, purposely seeks to highlight ethnic nationalism and pursues organizing the movement on the way of divergent goals. To examine this hypothesis, we analyze Azerbaijan's divergent movement discourse through slogans, written works, elite thought, as well as their activities in virtual and real spaces. The results show that the internal separatist and external integrationist tendencies are purposeful and complementary, trying to promote divergent thinking among the people of Azerbaijan in order to form a divisive ethnic movement.

This research article primarily aims to examine the population considerations in varying regions throughout Iran. The key research question here is whether people residing in varying parts across the country hold similar or different demographic attitudes. This study is based on a survey that includes a sample of individuals residing in selected urban and rural areas of Iran.
The underlying conclusion of the research results presented and discussed in this article refers to the fact that despit the existence of some similarities in demographic attitudes; there are still significant disparities among individuals residing in varying parts of the country in terms of their demographic attitudes. Accordingly, the research findings of this study confirm the key fact that not only population policies cannot succeed whitout paying sufficient attention to regional variations, but also their sustainably successful outcomes rely overwhelmingly on research-based evidence and comprehensive studies on demographic attitudes of residents in varying regions throughout Iran.