نشریه مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری
پیاپی 22 (بهار 1399)

In the new urban and community management system, the neighborhoods’ residents did not have much influence on the affairs of the neighborhoods, and this quickly created a sense of lack of identity, indifference, disinclination, finally, unwillingness in them. The present study attempts to study the urban managers’ productions by modeling the Islamic and religious society and based on the final consumers’ (residents) viewpoints. In addition, the study is to develop appropriate strategies for reaching the desired neighborhood in the Iranian-Islamic city. The research method is "applied" based on the purpose of the study, “descriptive” based on the research method, and "survey and field research" based on how the data are collected. The sample size is calculated using the Cochran formula and with regard to the maximum heterogeneity hypothesis as 380 participants. The present study was done in the primary and traditional six districts of Ardabil City. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire prepared (Research dimensions include i.e. physical, cultural and social, economic and environmental dimensions with more than 100 questions) by basing the theoretical foundation and library studies. The SPSS software program was employed for statistical analyzes and To compare the desired urban neighborhoods of fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making was used.Based on field studies and surveys, the neighborhoods of Ardabil (especially in the studied areas) are distant from their ideal situation in an Iranian-Islamic city, and in different dimensions there are some deficiencies that can be observed and enforced Some strategies and principles are achievable.

Location and allocation analysis is one of the most important network and useful analyzes in GIS. This analysis involves various models that, each model is used to solve various problems. Recently, a new model called VAOMP (Vector Assignment Ordered Median Problem) has been developed that, it can solve many different problems. Given that, the location and allocation problems are very difficult, it is almost impossible to solve them in exact methods. Therefore, the present research intends to solve the proper allocation problem of the population to existing fire stations, which are the emergency facilities, and their optimal allocation have a great importance. The VAOMP model and the Genetic and Simulated Annealing algorithms with three goals such as minimizing the arrival time of the fire trucks to the location of demands, minimizing distance and maximizing the coverage of each station in a radius of 5 minutes, solved the problem. The results of this research showed that the Genetic algorithm produces more qualitative solutions in shorter time, while 10 stations in the 21st and 22nd districts of Tehran are not sufficient to serve the total demands in the study area and 55240 people without services will remain and at least, 13 stations in the region should be created.

Since 2008 a half of the world population has lived in urban areas. One of the most important aspects of this change is the increase of urban poor population, particularly in developing countries. With the expansion of this phenomenon, we face the process of ' urbanization of poverty'. To understand the factors, process, and outcomes of urban poverty, much research has been conducted in Iran in the last forty years. In the present paper, we attempted to examine the Iranian researchers ' studies on the topic of urban poverty, using the meta-analysis and systematic review. The research results demonstrated that much of the research in the poverty field is done in economics. From the methodology point of view, in Iran quantitative paradigm is the dominant paradigm and urban poverty has been examined from the angle of statistics, number, map, and table as well. Therefore, no one has focused on the voices, narratives, life experiences, and the representations of the process of urban poverty by the poor. Furthermore, the results revealed that the poorer the provinces are, the less research has been done in those areas. In addition, the studies on poverty in Iran have examined this phenomenon from the angle of the structure and not from the angles of agent and action. It is also important to note that the lack of research on poverty amongst children, women, disabled people, and ethnic groups is obvious.

The danger that threatens the cities is the risk of an earthquake. The city of Izeh is also at the risk of earthquake hazards, reducing damage and managing the crisis, and eventually exposing the city to the necessary and necessary risks; Measure the resiliency rate in the physical and social dimensions of Izeh city against earthquakes. The present study is descriptive-analytic in terms of its nature, theoretical-practical and, as far as the study method is concerned. In order to achieve the results, a questionnaire-based field method has been used in addition to the library method and the use of statistics and documents. The sample size was determined using Cochran method and the sampling method was carried out using simple random sampling without substitution. To analyze the data, Fuzzy Hierarchy Analysis (AHPFUZZY), GIS, SPSS and Promethee Decision Model were used in this study. To measure physical dimension, 8 indicators were used. Physical results showed that the situation in Izeh city is low against possible earthquake occurrence. Social results showed that the central region with a value of 0.667 and western region with 0.50 in the first and second places, northern and northern areas with a net flow of 0.333 in the third place and in the eastern region with a net value of 500 / 0 is in the last position; therefore, it can be said that there is a difference between the areas of Izeh city in terms of social resilience.

Social sustainability is one of the main pillars of sustainable development and one of the key tools in urban planning and policy making. Lack of attention to social sustainability, endangers various development programs and projects, as well as causing irreparable damage to neighborhoods and their inhabitants. Due to the importance of social dimension of sustainability, the present study aimed to investigate social sustainability in Mehregan Town of Mashhad. This study was applied in term of its purpose and it’s based on the survey method. In this method a questionnaire was used which its validity was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (0.79). The statistical population consisted of inhabitants of Mehregan Town (16745) and the sample size was determined 375. Friedman test and T-Hoteling test were used for data analysis and path analysis was used to represent the conceptual model. Respectively, social capital, housing satisfaction and spatial equality had the most effect and in the next priority sense of belonging, social participation and identity had less effect on social sustainability of Mehregan Town, according to the results of Friedman test, t-hoteling and path analysis. Also the results of Friedman and T-Hotelling tests show that three indices of sense of belonging, social participation and identity are lower than the mean and three indices of social capital, housing satisfaction and spatial equality are higher than the mean. In general, social sustainability is not desirable in the area of study.

By the increasing urban population, the readiness of urban management in dealing with natural disasters and increasing resilience in the housing as one of the most important areas of resilience in the future is very important. This research seeks to identify the most influential indicators and the most likely scenarios in the area of housing resilience in the future of cities. The research method is a descriptive-analytical purpose, and a method for collecting information, reviewing library documents and reviewing the texts. In this way, effective indicators have been identified in the field of housing resonance forecasting. In the first step, the MicMac software has been analyzed using the Delphi technique (completing questionnaire by 40 experts in the field of resilience and perspectives). The results indicate that the indexes of "price of land", "ownership", "height" and "spectrum prices" will have the greatest impact in the future of housing resilience in the 8th district of Isfahan. These factors have been introduced into the scenario as the main factors in the ScenarioWizard software and the changes in each of these four effective indicators in the field of housing on each other have been evaluated. Using the Cross Impact Analysis matrix, seven possible scenarios in this area has been identified. Thus, in the most probable scenario for the future, the index of "prices" and "private ownership" as well as the "height of buildings" will increase and the "squares" will remain unchanged, which, apart from the "building height", has a relative utility in increasing resilience.

Over the past few decades, social solidarity has been highlighted in many urban policy programs. Social solidarity reflects the values, goals and common expectations between citizens. It also seems that some historic areas have become distressed parts of the city, in such a way that the risk of reducing social and moral solidarity has become a threat to health and sustainable development in the cities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to recognize the effective dimensions of promoting social solidarity in Behbahani neighborhood of Bushehr as a distressed historical area. The research method of this study was descriptive - analytical and survey. The questionnaire was used as a data collection tool, SPSS and AMOS software as a tool for data analysis and evaluation, and the structural model of confirmatory factor analysis, was used as a data analysis method. The statistical population of this study was all over 15-year-old residents of Behbahani neighborhood of Bushehr. The sample size of the study, 298 people, was calculated and selected through the Cochran formula. The sample size of the study was 298 people who were calculated and selected by the Cochran formula. The Cronbach's alpha value of the questionnaire was 0.92. The results of this research showed that the common interests with correlation of 0.88, social satisfaction with correlation of 0.86, social order and control with correlation of 0.86, social relations with correlation of 0.79 and social identity with correlation of 0.77 affects the level of social solidarity in distressed historical areas